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Special guest Tom Hinds shares tips for making smart choices with intelligent lighting solutions. Indoors and out, intelligent lighting controls give you the power to customize lighting experiences and ensure future-readiness in the ever-expanding world of IoT. Now with six controls solutions in our portfolio, we're more equipped than ever with options to fit the unique needs of your projects.

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

16 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., trade catalog

Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

An experimental system for wireless control and monitoring of airport lighting was developed with the objective of providing a cheaper more flexible and reliable system than existing cable systems. The system provides 16 channel capacity on a single FM carrier with a maximum range of 3 miles. Three channels (selectable) provide on-off, 5-step of continuous control in the form of 0-10 volt dc commands. Remote stations reply automatically with identical signals to actuate displays at the master station. Electrical comparison of signals indicate incorrect reply or failure in any channel. Failsafe provisions at each remote station switch the lighting equipment to full on, full off, or the last commanded brightness in the event of system failure. High spectrum efficiency, and maximum rejection of noise, cross-talk, and interference is achieved through the use of a previously developed multiplex technique. Orthogonal pulse waveforms are employed as subcarrier signals, which are generated digitally and amplitude-modulated by diode multipliers.

The functional components of a lighting control system are described using a modular approach. The interaction of the components and the specific kind of hardware available for each function are detailed. The components are then combined into various control systems beginning with simple manual control and concluding with closed loop automatic control. Emphasis is placed on energy and economics. Keywords: Lighting, Controls, Photoelectric, Timers, Time clocks, Sensors, Switches, Dimmers, Energy, Economics, Occupancy, Daylight, Low voltage, Contactor, Retrofit.

The functional components of a lighting control system are described using a modular approach. The interaction of the components and the specific kind of hardware available for each function are detailed. The components are then combined into various control systems beginning with simple manual control and concluding with closed loop automatic control. Emphasis is placed on energy and economics. Keywords: Lighting, Controls, Photoelectric, Timers, Time clocks, Sensors, Switches, Dimmers, Energy, Economics, Occupancy, Daylight, Low voltage, Contactor, Retrofit.

The functional components of a lighting control system are described using a modular approach. The interaction of the components and the specific kind of hardware available for each function are detailed. The components are then combined into various control systems beginning with simple manual control and concluding with closed loop automatic control. Emphasis is placed on energy and economics. Keywords: Lighting, Controls, Photoelectric, Timers, Time clocks, Sensors, Switches, Dimmers, Energy, Economics, Occupancy, Daylight, Low voltage, Contactor, Retrofit.

The rapidly rising cost of electrical energy makes its conservation increasingly more important. Electrical consumption can be reduced in a number of ways. One of the simplest is through lighting reduction; within this area are a number of options. One easy and often used approach is by removal of lamps; however, lamp removal without proper guidance can have seriously adverse effects on health, safety, productivity, and security. Another option is through use of controls; this may be as simple as installing switches. Automatic control systems to maintain required illumination levels are necessary if natural daylight from windows are to be effectively used. This report covers (1) an industry survey for commercially available control systems, (2) an evaluation of one commercial automatic control system, and (3) the development and evaluation of two different control systems developed by the Civil Engineering Laboratory. Evaluation of the control systems determined that electrical conservation was realized.

The rapidly rising cost of electrical energy makes its conservation increasingly more important. Electrical consumption can be reduced in a number of ways. One of the simplest is through lighting reduction; within this area are a number of options. One easy and often used approach is by removal of lamps; however, lamp removal without proper guidance can have seriously adverse effects on health, safety, productivity, and security. Another option is through use of controls; this may be as simple as installing switches. Automatic control systems to maintain required illumination levels are necessary if natural daylight from windows are to be effectively used. This report covers (1) an industry survey for commercially available control systems, (2) an evaluation of one commercial automatic control system, and (3) the development and evaluation of two different control systems developed by the Civil Engineering Laboratory. Evaluation of the control systems determined that electrical conservation was realized.

The rapidly rising cost of electrical energy makes its conservation increasingly more important. Electrical consumption can be reduced in a number of ways. One of the simplest is through lighting reduction; within this area are a number of options. One easy and often used approach is by removal of lamps; however, lamp removal without proper guidance can have seriously adverse effects on health, safety, productivity, and security. Another option is through use of controls; this may be as simple as installing switches. Automatic control systems to maintain required illumination levels are necessary if natural daylight from windows are to be effectively used. This report covers (1) an industry survey for commercially available control systems, (2) an evaluation of one commercial automatic control system, and (3) the development and evaluation of two different control systems developed by the Civil Engineering Laboratory. Evaluation of the control systems determined that electrical conservation was realized.