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Cooperative problem solving systems support the solving of problems which cannot be solved by humans or computers alone. These systems need to be knowledge based, and require flexible communications paradigms which allow natural communications with novices as well as experts. This paper presents prototypical rebooting systems. REBOOTER is a rule-based system which guides the user with a strongly system-directed dialogue. Use of the system showed that the communication paradigm was too narrow to make it a worthwhile tool, especially for an expert. The SYSTEMS ASSISTANT tries to overcome the observed shortcomings by permitting users to interact with the system in a mixed-initiative dialogue, allowing the user to volunteer information and deviate from the system-generated discourse structure. (Author) (KR)

Cooperative problem solving systems support the solving of problems which cannot be solved by humans or computers alone. These systems need to be knowledge based, and require flexible communications paradigms which allow natural communications with novices as well as experts. This paper presents prototypical rebooting systems. REBOOTER is a rule-based system which guides the user with a strongly system-directed dialogue. Use of the system showed that the communication paradigm was too narrow to make it a worthwhile tool, especially for an expert. The SYSTEMS ASSISTANT tries to overcome the observed shortcomings by permitting users to interact with the system in a mixed-initiative dialogue, allowing the user to volunteer information and deviate from the system-generated discourse structure. (Author) (KR)

Cooperative problem solving systems support the solving of problems which cannot be solved by humans or computers alone. These systems need to be knowledge based, and require flexible communications paradigms which allow natural communications with novices as well as experts. This paper presents prototypical rebooting systems. REBOOTER is a rule-based system which guides the user with a strongly system-directed dialogue. Use of the system showed that the communication paradigm was too narrow to make it a worthwhile tool, especially for an expert. The SYSTEMS ASSISTANT tries to overcome the observed shortcomings by permitting users to interact with the system in a mixed-initiative dialogue, allowing the user to volunteer information and deviate from the system-generated discourse structure. (Author) (KR)

This volume encapsulates the views of a panel of experts drawn from government, industry and academia. It is divided into three parts. The first part, Record of Discussions Held at the First Meeting of Technical Advisory Panel on February 17, 1987, highlights the most significant dimensions of Knowledge-Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering. The second part, Record of Discussions held at the Second Meeting of Technical Advisory Panel on May 21, and 22, 1987, presents opinions in the areas of: Organization, Strategy, and Management; Distributed Database Technology; Knowledge and Semantics; and Information Modeling and Mapping. A framework for tackling the problems in these areas is also presented. The third part, Contributions by Members of the Technical Advisory Panel (TAP), contains ten outstanding papers contributed by members of the TAP. The first set of three papers focuses on distributed databases. The second set of three papers concentrates on information modeling alternatives. The final set of four papers examines a range of auxiliary issues in the context of large-scale, distributed, heterogeneous information systems. Keywords: Knowledge based integrated information systems engineering. (KR)

This program develops techniques which allows for the interactive access of dissimilar data sources; the informed processing of the resultant search; and the capture of the associated knowledge gained from the interative usage of the system.

Research aircraft have become increasingly dependent on advanced control systems to accomplish program goals. These aircraft are integrating multiple disciplines to improve performance and satisfy research objectives. This integration is being accomplished through electronic control systems. Because of the number of systems involved and the variety of engineering disciplines, systems design methods and information management have become essential to program success. The primary objective of the system design/information tool for aircraft flight control system is to help transfer flight control system design knowledge to the flight test community. By providing all of the design information and covering multiple disciplines in a structured, graphical manner, flight control systems can more easily be understood by the test engineers. This will provide the engineers with the information needed to thoroughly ground test the system and thereby reduce the likelihood of serious design errors surfacing in flight. The secondary objective is to apply structured design techniques to all of the design domains. By using the techniques in the top level system design down through the detailed hardware and software designs, it is hoped that fewer design anomalies will result. The flight test experiences of three highly complex, integrated aircraft programs are reviewed: the X-29 forward-swept wing, the advanced fighter technology integration (AFTI) F-16, and the highly maneuverable aircraft technology (HiMAT) program. Significant operating anomalies and the design errors which cause them, are examined to help identify what functions a system design/information tool should provide to assist designers in avoiding errors.

Research aircraft have become increasingly dependent on advanced control systems to accomplish program goals. These aircraft are integrating multiple disciplines to improve performance and satisfy research objectives. This integration is being accomplished through electronic control systems. Because of the number of systems involved and the variety of engineering disciplines, systems design methods and information management have become essential to program success. The primary objective of the system design/information tool for aircraft flight control system is to help transfer flight control system design knowledge to the flight test community. By providing all of the design information and covering multiple disciplines in a structured, graphical manner, flight control systems can more easily be understood by the test engineers. This will provide the engineers with the information needed to thoroughly ground test the system and thereby reduce the likelihood of serious design errors surfacing in flight. The secondary objective is to apply structured design techniques to all of the design domains. By using the techniques in the top level system design down through the detailed hardware and software designs, it is hoped that fewer design anomalies will result. The flight test experiences of three highly complex, integrated aircraft programs are reviewed: the X-29 forward-swept wing, the advanced fighter technology integration (AFTI) F-16, and the highly maneuverable aircraft technology (HiMAT) program. Significant operating anomalies and the design errors which cause them, are examined to help identify what functions a system design/information tool should provide to assist designers in avoiding errors.

Research aircraft have become increasingly dependent on advanced control systems to accomplish program goals. These aircraft are integrating multiple disciplines to improve performance and satisfy research objectives. This integration is being accomplished through electronic control systems. Because of the number of systems involved and the variety of engineering disciplines, systems design methods and information management have become essential to program success. The primary objective of the system design/information tool for aircraft flight control system is to help transfer flight control system design knowledge to the flight test community. By providing all of the design information and covering multiple disciplines in a structured, graphical manner, flight control systems can more easily be understood by the test engineers. This will provide the engineers with the information needed to thoroughly ground test the system and thereby reduce the likelihood of serious design errors surfacing in flight. The secondary objective is to apply structured design techniques to all of the design domains. By using the techniques in the top level system design down through the detailed hardware and software designs, it is hoped that fewer design anomalies will result. The flight test experiences of three highly complex, integrated aircraft programs are reviewed: the X-29 forward-swept wing, the advanced fighter technology integration (AFTI) F-16, and the highly maneuverable aircraft technology (HiMAT) program. Significant operating anomalies and the design errors which cause them, are examined to help identify what functions a system design/information tool should provide to assist designers in avoiding errors.

This volume describes the Integrated System Evolution Environment (IISEE) which is structured approach for the strategic planning, tactical planning, requirements definition, design, construction, implementation, and maintenance of large scale distributed, heterogenous integrated information systems. This approach is designed to enable system developers in the Air Force and its contractor community to evolve their current systems into a unified framework. The overall goal of the IISEE thrust is to establish a structured systems development approach consisting of methodologies, methods, tools, techniques, and practices which can improve productivity of participants, and reduce cost and time required for integrated information systems development. The IISEE strategy has been designed keeping in view the objectives of the Integrated Design Support System (IDS) Program of the Air Force. The latter program encompasses all issues relating to capture, management, and communication of product technical data from its initial creation in design, through realization in manufacture, to logistics operations. Keywords: Knowledge Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering (KBIISE). (kr)

This volume describes the Integrated System Evolution Environment (IISEE) which is structured approach for the strategic planning, tactical planning, requirements definition, design, construction, implementation, and maintenance of large scale distributed, heterogenous integrated information systems. This approach is designed to enable system developers in the Air Force and its contractor community to evolve their current systems into a unified framework. The overall goal of the IISEE thrust is to establish a structured systems development approach consisting of methodologies, methods, tools, techniques, and practices which can improve productivity of participants, and reduce cost and time required for integrated information systems development. The IISEE strategy has been designed keeping in view the objectives of the Integrated Design Support System (IDS) Program of the Air Force. The latter program encompasses all issues relating to capture, management, and communication of product technical data from its initial creation in design, through realization in manufacture, to logistics operations. Keywords: Knowledge Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering (KBIISE). (kr)

This volume describes the Integrated System Evolution Environment (IISEE) which is structured approach for the strategic planning, tactical planning, requirements definition, design, construction, implementation, and maintenance of large scale distributed, heterogenous integrated information systems. This approach is designed to enable system developers in the Air Force and its contractor community to evolve their current systems into a unified framework. The overall goal of the IISEE thrust is to establish a structured systems development approach consisting of methodologies, methods, tools, techniques, and practices which can improve productivity of participants, and reduce cost and time required for integrated information systems development. The IISEE strategy has been designed keeping in view the objectives of the Integrated Design Support System (IDS) Program of the Air Force. The latter program encompasses all issues relating to capture, management, and communication of product technical data from its initial creation in design, through realization in manufacture, to logistics operations. Keywords: Knowledge Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering (KBIISE). (kr)

This volume presents the highlights of the Knowledge-Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering (KBIISE) project, an effort that focuses on identifying and understanding the key issues involved in the intelligent integration of large-scale distributed information systems. Underlying trends in the information technology area have led to a situation where most organizations depend on a portfolio of systems, ranging from mainframes to minicomputers, and from general purpose workstations to sophisticated CAD/CAM systems, to support their computational requirements. The large size of individual systems and the high degree of diversity between systems make the task of integrating islands of disparate information systems very formidable. The integration of existing system involves surmounting major technical and non-technical barriers which are described in the first part of this volume. The significance of these barriers is analyzed, and approaches for mitigating key problems are developed. Apart from the major issues of concurrency control and recovery in a heterogeneous computing environment, the technical analysis focuses on the subjects of logical connectivity and the use of expert systems technology to draw meaningful inferences in situations characterized by incomplete or conflicting information. The second part of this volume contains a comprehensive annotated bibliography of published papers and technical reports that relate to Knowledge-Based Integrated Information Systems Engineering. Keywords: Computer aided design, Computer aided manufacturing. (KR)

This report results from a contract tasking St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate knowledge engineering as applied to system diagnostics by rigorous mathematical justification for already existing diagnostic procedures utilizing statistical clustering and Bayes' technique. A software package implementing cluster analysis of statistical data, including selection and evaluation of particular subspaces in the factor space, and facilitating definition of cluster models will be developed. The software will utilize computer graphics to facilitate previewing of the clustering pattern in particular subspaces. Applications of Algebraic Bayes' Network approach to various classes of applications of experts' analysis techniques to diagnostics related problems will be considered. Further, a software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed. In addition, applications of classical regression analysis to such problems of diagnostics as estimation of remaining life expectancy of hardware subjected to adverse effects, and analysis of combined effects of several adverse conditions of hardware failure will be subjected to analysis, and implemented in software. A software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed.

This report results from a contract tasking St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate knowledge engineering as applied to system diagnostics by rigorous mathematical justification for already existing diagnostic procedures utilizing statistical clustering and Bayes' technique. A software package implementing cluster analysis of statistical data, including selection and evaluation of particular subspaces in the factor space, and facilitating definition of cluster models will be developed. The software will utilize computer graphics to facilitate previewing of the clustering pattern in particular subspaces. Applications of Algebraic Bayes' Network approach to various classes of applications of experts' analysis techniques to diagnostics related problems will be considered. Further, a software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed. In addition, applications of classical regression analysis to such problems of diagnostics as estimation of remaining life expectancy of hardware subjected to adverse effects, and analysis of combined effects of several adverse conditions of hardware failure will be subjected to analysis, and implemented in software. A software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed.

This report results from a contract tasking St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate knowledge engineering as applied to system diagnostics by rigorous mathematical justification for already existing diagnostic procedures utilizing statistical clustering and Bayes' technique. A software package implementing cluster analysis of statistical data, including selection and evaluation of particular subspaces in the factor space, and facilitating definition of cluster models will be developed. The software will utilize computer graphics to facilitate previewing of the clustering pattern in particular subspaces. Applications of Algebraic Bayes' Network approach to various classes of applications of experts' analysis techniques to diagnostics related problems will be considered. Further, a software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed. In addition, applications of classical regression analysis to such problems of diagnostics as estimation of remaining life expectancy of hardware subjected to adverse effects, and analysis of combined effects of several adverse conditions of hardware failure will be subjected to analysis, and implemented in software. A software tool and numerical examples utilizing model data, demonstrating the concept, will be developed.