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We will recruit healthy adult volunteers to take part in a simple computerised behavioural task to investigate: 1. The effect of expectation-induced biases on subjective appearance, i.e., whether expected stimuli look different 2. Whether peoples’ metacognition (ability to discriminate correct from incorrect choices) is influenced by their expectation-induced perceptual biases The task will involve looking at four Gabor patches displayed around a fixation cross. These patches are identical along each diagonal. Patches on one diagonal will be tilted (lines oriented clockwise or counterclockwise), while patches on the other diagonal will not (they will be flat). Participants will need to report whether they think patches on the oriented diagonal are oriented clockwise or counterclockwise. They will also need to report which diagonal (oriented or non-oriented diagonal) is less or more contrasted, and to report how confident they are about that choice. Expectation will be induced by making one orientation more likely. Participants will be informed that one or another orientation is more likely, but not which is more likely. This is so that they are motivated to learn the expectation. We expect that the manipulation of orientation expectation will influence the perception of the stimulus’ contrast, and the confidence and metacognition for contrast discrimination.

We will recruit healthy adult volunteers to take part in a simple computerised behavioural task to investigate: 1. The effect of expectation-induced biases on subjective appearance, i.e., whether expected stimuli look different 2. Whether peoples’ metacognition (ability to discriminate correct from incorrect choices) is influenced by their expectation-induced perceptual biases The task will involve looking at four Gabor patches displayed around a fixation cross. These patches are identical along each diagonal. Patches on one diagonal will be tilted (lines oriented clockwise or counterclockwise), while patches on the other diagonal will not (they will be flat). Participants will need to report whether they think patches on the oriented diagonal are oriented clockwise or counterclockwise. They will also need to report which diagonal (oriented or non-oriented diagonal) is less or more contrasted, and to report how confident they are about that choice. Expectation will be induced by making one orientation more likely. Participants will be informed that one or another orientation is more likely, but not which is more likely. This is so that they are motivated to learn the expectation. We expect that the manipulation of orientation expectation will influence the perception of the stimulus’ contrast, and the confidence and metacognition for contrast discrimination.