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Let E be a (right) Hilbert C*-module over a C*-algebra A. If E is equipped with a left action of a second C*-algebra B, then tensor product with E gives rise to a functor from the category of Hilbert B-modules to the category of Hilbert A-modules. The purpose of this paper is to study adjunctions between functors of this sort. We shall introduce a new kind of adjunction relation, called a local adjunction, that is weaker than the standard concept from category theory. We shall give several examples, the most important of which is the functor of parabolic induction in the tempered representation theory of real reductive groups. Each local adjunction gives rise to an ordinary adjunction of functors between categories of Hilbert space representations. In this way we shall show that the parabolic induction functor has a simultaneous left and right adjoint, namely the parabolic restriction functor constructed in a previous paper.

In this paper, we show that every completely semi-$\phi$-map on a submodule of a Hilbert $C^*$-module has a completely semi-$\phi$-map extension on the whole of module. We also investigate the extendability of $\phi$-maps and provide examples of $\phi$-maps which has no $\phi$-map extension. Finally, we introduce a category of Hilbert $C^*$-module and determine injective objects in this category.

This paper is about the reduced group C*-algebras of real reductive groups, and about Hilbert C*-modules over these C*-algebras. We shall do three things. First we shall apply theorems from the tempered representation theory of reductive groups to determine the structure of the reduced C*-algebra (the result has been known for some time, but it is difficult to assemble a full treatment from the existing literature). Second, we shall use the structure of the reduced C*-algebra to determine the structure of the Hilbert C*-bimodule that represents the functor of parabolic induction. Third, we shall prove that the parabolic induction bimodule admits a secondary inner product, using which we can define a functor of parabolic restriction in tempered representation theory. We shall prove in the sequel to this paper that parabolic restriction is adjoint, on both the left and the right, to parabolic induction.

In this paper, we characterize a class of additive maps on Hilbert $C^\ast$-modules which maps a "rank one" adjointable operators to another rank one operators.

We derive Paschke's GNS construction for completely positive maps on unital pro-C*-algebras from the KSGNS construction, presented by M. Joita [J. London Math. Soc. {\bf 66} (2002), 421--432], and then we deduce an analogue of Stinespring theorem for Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras. Also, we obtain a Radon-Nikodym type theorem for operator valued completely positive maps on Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras.

We derive Paschke's GNS construction for completely positive maps on unital pro-C*-algebras from the KSGNS construction, presented by M. Joita [J. London Math. Soc. {\bf 66} (2002), 421--432], and then we deduce an analogue of Stinespring theorem for Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras. Also, we obtain a Radon-Nikodym type theorem for operator valued completely positive maps on Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras.

We show that elements of Hilbert $A$-module obtained by completion of the space of square-integrable functions on a space with measure $X$ taking values in a $C^*$-algebra $A$ cannot be viewed as $A$-valued functions on $X$ defined almost everywhere

We characterize $C^*$-algebras and $C^*$-modules such that every maximal right ideal (resp. right submodule) is algebraically finitely generated. In particular, $C^*$-algebras satisfy the Dales--\.Zelazko conjecture.

Suppose $T$ and $S$ are bounded adjointable operators between Hilbert C*-modules admitting bounded Moore-Penrose inverse operators. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the reverse order law $(TS)^{ \dag} =S^{ \dag} T^{ \dag}$ to hold. In particular, we show that the equality holds if and only if $Ran(T^{\ast}TS) \subseteq Ran(S)$ and $Ran(SS^{\ast}T^{\ast}) \subseteq Ran(T^{\ast}),$ which was studied first by Greville [{\it SIAM Rev. 8 (1966) 518--521}] for matrices.

We prove a covariant version of the Stinespring theorem for Hilbert C*-modules.

The aim of the present paper is to describe self-duality and C*- reflexivity of Hilbert {\bf A}-modules $\cal M$ over monotone complete C*-algebras {\bf A} by the completeness of the unit ball of $\cal M$ with respect to two types of convergence being defined, and by a structural criterion. The derived results generalize earlier results of {\sc H.~Widom} [Duke Math.~J.~23, 309-324, MR 17 \# 1228] and {\sc W.~L.~Paschke} [Trans. Amer.~Math.~Soc.~182, 443-468, MR 50 \# 8087, Canadian J.~Math.~26, 1272-1280, MR 57 \# 10433]. For Hilbert C*-modules over commutative AW*-algebras the equivalence of the self-duality property and of the Kaplansky-Hilbert property is reproved, (cf. {\sc M.~Ozawa} [J.~Math.~Soc.~Japan 36, 589-609, MR 85m:46068] ). Especially, one derives that for a C*-algebra {\bf A} the {\bf A}-valued inner pro\-duct of every Hilbert {\bf A}-module $\cal M$ can be continued to an {\bf A}-valued inner product on it's {\bf A}-dual Banach {\bf A}-module $\cal M$' turning $\cal M$' to a self-dual Hilbert {\bf A}-module if and only if {\bf A} is monotone complete (or, equivalently, additively complete) generalizing a result of {\sc M.~Hamana} [Internat.~J.~Math.~3(1992), 185-204]. A classification of countably generated self-dual Hilbert {\bf A}-modules over monotone complete C*-algebras {\bf A} is established. The set of all bounded module operators ${\bf End}_A (\cal M)$ on self-dual Hilbert {\bf A}-modules $\cal M$ over monotone complete C*-algebras {\bf A} is proved again to be a monotone complete

We define the notion of $\varphi$-perturbation of a densely defined adjointable mapping and prove that any such mapping $f$ between Hilbert ${\mathcal A}$-modules over a fixed $C^*$-algebra ${\mathcal A}$ with densely defined corresponding mapping $g$ is ${\mathcal A}$-linear and adjointable in the classical sense with adjoint $g$. If both $f$ and $g$ are everywhere defined then they are bounded. Our work concerns with the concept of Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability originated from the Th.M. Rassias' stability theorem that appeared in his paper [On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1978), 297--300]. We also indicate interesting complementary results in the case where the Hilbert $C^*$-modules admit non-adjointable $C^*$-linear mappings.

We introduce Rokhlin properties for certain discrete group actions on $C^*$-correspondences as well as on Hilbert bimodules and analyze them. It turns out that the group actions on any $C^*$-correspondence $E$ with Rokhlin property induces group actions on the associated $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal O_E$ with Rokhlin property and the group actions on any Hilbert bimodule with Rokhlin property induces group actions on the linking algebra with Rokhlin property. Permanence properties of several notions such as nuclear dimension and $\mathcal D$-absorbing property with respect to crossed product of Hilbert $C^*$-modules with groups, where group actions have Rokhlin property, are studied. We also investigate a notion of outerness for Hilbert bimodules.

In this paper the concept of unbounded Fredholm operators on Hilbert C*- modules over an arbitrary C*-algebra is discussed and the Atkinson theorem is generalized for bounded and unbounded Feredholm operators on Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators. In the framework of Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators, the index of an unbounded Fredholm operator and the index of its bounded transform are the same.

In this paper the concept of unbounded Fredholm operators on Hilbert C*- modules over an arbitrary C*-algebra is discussed and the Atkinson theorem is generalized for bounded and unbounded Feredholm operators on Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators. In the framework of Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras of compact operators, the index of an unbounded Fredholm operator and the index of its bounded transform are the same.

We strengthen Mohammad B. Asadi's analogue of Stinespring's theorem for certain maps on Hilbert C*-modules. We also show that any two minimal Stinespring representations are unitarily equivalent. We illustrate the main theorem with an example.

Let ${\cal O}_{{\cal H}^{A,B}_\kappa}$ be the $C^*$-algebra associated with the Hilbert $C^*$-quad module arising from commuting matrices $A,B$ with entries in $\{0,1\}$. We will show that if the associated tiling space $X_{A,B}^\kappa$ is transitive, the $C^*$-algebra ${\cal O}_{{\cal H}^{A,B}_\kappa}$ is simple and purely infinite. In particulr, for two positive integers $N,M$, the $K$-groups of the simple purely infinite $C^*$-algebra ${\cal O}_{{\cal H}^{[N],[M]}_\kappa}$ are computed by using the Euclidean algorithm.

We provide a characterization for operator valued completely bounded linear maps on Hilbert $C^*$-modules in terms of $\varphi$-maps. Also, we show that for every operator valued completely positive map $\varphi$ on a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$, there is a unique (up to multiplication by a unitary operator) non-degenerate $\varphi$-map on each Hilbert $\mathcal{A}$-module.

In this note we show that an unbounded regular operator $t$ on Hilbert $C^*$-modules over an arbitrary $C^*$ algebra $ \mathcal{A}$ has polar decomposition if and only if the closures of the ranges of $t$ and $|t|$ are orthogonally complemented, if and only if the operators $t$ and $t^*$ have unbounded regular generalized inverses. For a given $C^*$-algebra $ \mathcal{A}$ any densely defined $\mathcal A$-linear closed operator $t$ between Hilbert $C^*$-modules has polar decomposition, if and only if any densely defined $\mathcal A$-linear closed operator $t$ between Hilbert $C^*$-modules has generalized inverse, if and only if $\mathcal A$ is a $C^*$-algebra of compact operators.

Let $A$ be a $C^*$-algebra. Let $E$ and $F$ be Hilbert $A$-modules with $E$ being full. Suppose that $\theta : E\to F$ is a linear map preserving orthogonality, i.e., $ = 0$ whenever $ = 0$. We show in this article that if, in addition, $A$ has real rank zero, and $\theta$ is an $A$-module map (not assumed to be bounded), then there exists a central positive multiplier $u\in M(A)$ such that $ = u < x, y>$ ($x,y\in E$). In the case when $A$ is a standard $C^*$-algebra, or when $A$ is a $W^*$-algebra containing no finite type II direct summand, we also obtain the same conclusion with the assumption of $\theta$ being an $A$-module map weakened to being a local map.

Regarding the generalizations of the Bessel inequality in Hilbert spaces which are due to Bombiari and Boas--Bellman, we obtain a version of the Bessel inequality and some generalizations of this inequality in the framework of Hilbert $C^*$-modules.

Regarding the generalizations of the Bessel inequality in Hilbert spaces which are due to Bombiari and Boas--Bellman, we obtain a version of the Bessel inequality and some generalizations of this inequality in the framework of Hilbert $C^*$-modules.

We show that the unit ball of a full Hilbert $C^*$-module is sequentially compact in a certain weak topology if and only if the underlying $C^*$-algebra is finite dimensional. This provides an answer to the question posed in J. Chmieli\'nski et al [Perturbation of the Wigner equation in inner product $C^*$-modules, J. Math. Phys. 49 (2008), no. 3, 033519; arXiv:0801.2726].

In the present paper the notion of a Hilbert module over a locally C*-algebra is discussed and some results are obtained on this matter. In particular, we give a detailed proof of the known result that the set of adjointable endomorphisms of such modules is itself a locally C*-algebra.

In this paper, we define the notion of induced representations of a Hilbert $C^{*}$-module and we show that Morita equivalence of two Hilbert modules (in the sense of Moslehian and Joita), implies the equivalence of categories of non-degenerate representations of two Hilbert modules.

In this paper we introduce a notion of Morita equivalence for Hilbert C*-modules in terms of the Morita equivalence of the algebras of compact operators on Hilbert C*-modules. We investigate some properties of the new version of Morita equivalence and obtain some results. We then applied our results to study the continuous actions of locally compact groups on full Hilbert C*-modules. We present an extension of Green's theorem in the context of Hilbert C*-modules as well.

We provide the definition and fundamental properties of algebraic elements with respect to an operator satisfying hypothesis (h). Furthermore, we analyze Hilbert modules using C_0-operators relative to a bounded finitely connected region Omega in the complex plane.

The overview contains 450 references of books, chapters of monographs, papers, preprints and Ph.~D.~thesises which are concerned with the theory and/or various applications of Hilbert C*-modules. To show a way through this amount of literature a four pages guide is added clustering sources around major research problems and research fields, and giving information on the historical background. Two smaller separate parts list references treating Hilbert modules over Hilbert*-algebras and Hilbert modules over (non-self-adjoint) operator algebras. Any additions, corrections and forthcoming information are welcome.

The goal of the present paper is to extend the theory of frames for countably generated Hilbert $C^*$-modules over arbitrary $C^*$-algebras. In investigating the non-unital case we introduce the concept of outer frame as a sequence in the multiplier module $M(X)$ that has the standard frame property when applied to elements of the ambient module $X$. Given a Hilbert $\A$-module $X$, we prove that there is a bijective correspondence of the set of all adjointable surjections from the generalized Hilbert space $\ell^2(\A)$ to $X$ and the set consisting of all both frames and outer frames for $X$. Building on a unified approach to frames and outer frames we then obtain new results on dual frames, frame perturbations, tight approximations of frames and finite extensions of Bessel sequences.

The paper the title refers to is that in {\em Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society}, {\bf 40} (1997), 367-374. Taking it as an excuse we intend to realize a twofold purpose: to atomize that important result showing by the way connections which are out of favour and to rectify a tiny piece of history.

Let $t$ be a regular operator between Hilbert $C^*$-modules and $t^\dag$ be its Moore-Penrose inverse. We investigate the Moore-Penrose invertibility of the Gram operator $t^*t$. More precisely, we study some conditions ensuring that $t^{\dag} = (t^* t)^{\dag} t^*= t^* (t t^*)^{\dag}$ and $(t^*t)^{\dag}=t^{\dag}t^{* \dag}$ hold. As an application, we get some results for densely defined closed operators on Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $C^*$-algebras of compact operators.

We first give an overview of the basic theory for discrete unital twisted C*-dynamical systems and their covariant representations on Hilbert C*-modules. After introducing the notion of equivariant representations of such systems and their product with covariant representations, we prove a kind of Fell absorption principle saying that the product of an induced regular equivariant representation with a covariant faithful representation is weakly equivalent to an induced regular covariant representation. This principle is the key to our main result, namely that a certain property, formally weaker than Exel's approximation property, ensures that the system is regular, i.e., the associated full and reduced C*-crossed products are canonically isomorphic.

As a partial generalisation of the Uhlhorn theorem to Hilbert $C^*$-modules, we show in this article that the module structure and the orthogonality structure of a Hilbert $C^*$-module determine its Hilbert $C^*$-module structure. In fact, we have a more general result as follows. Let $A$ be a $C^*$-algebra, $E$ and $F$ be Hilbert $A$-modules, and $I_E$ be the ideal of $A$ generated by $\{\langle x,y\rangle_A: x,y\in E\}$. If $\Phi : E\to F$ is an $A$-module map, not assumed to be bounded but satisfying $$ \langle \Phi(x),\Phi(y)\rangle_A\ =\ 0\quad\text{whenever}\quad\langle x,y\rangle_A\ =\ 0, $$ then there exists a unique central positive multiplier $u\in M(I_E)$ such that $$ \langle \Phi(x), \Phi(y)\rangle_A\ =\ u \langle x, y\rangle_A\qquad (x,y\in E). $$ As a consequence, $\Phi$ is automatically bounded, the induced map $\Phi_0: E\to \overline{\Phi(E)}$ is adjointable, and $\overline{Eu^{1/2}}$ is isomorphic to $\overline{\Phi(E)}$ as Hilbert $A$-modules. If, in addition, $\Phi$ is bijective, then $E$ is isomorphic to $F$.

We investigate the notion of conditionally positive definite in the context of Hilbert $C^*$-modules and present a characterization of the conditionally positive definiteness in terms of the usual positive definiteness. We give a Kolmogorov type representation of conditionally positive definite kernels in Hilbert $C^*$-modules. As a consequence, we show that a $C^*$-metric space $(S, d)$ is $C^*$-isometric to a subset of a Hilbert $C^*$-module if and only if $K(s,t)=-d(s,t)^2$ is a conditionally positive definite kernel. We also present a characterization of the order $K'\leq K$ between conditionally positive definite kernels.

In the paper we describe the C*-algebras of noncommutative spherical tight frames over some C*-algebras and then apply to study the noncommutative version of the universal classifying space.

A regular operator T on a Hilbert C^*-module is defined just like a closed operator on a Hilbert space, with the extra condition that the range of (I+T^*T) is dense. Semiregular operators are a slightly larger class of operators that may not have this property. It is shown that, like in the case of regular operators, one can, without any loss in generality, restrict oneself to semiregular operators on C^*-algebras. We then prove that for abelian C^*-algebras as well as for subalgebras of the algebra of compact operators, any closed semiregular operator is automatically regular. We also determine how a regular operator and its extensions (and restrictions) are related. Finally, using these results, we give a criterion for a semiregular operator on a liminal C^*-algebra to have a regular extension.

A regular operator T on a Hilbert C^*-module is defined just like a closed operator on a Hilbert space, with the extra condition that the range of (I+T^*T) is dense. Semiregular operators are a slightly larger class of operators that may not have this property. It is shown that, like in the case of regular operators, one can, without any loss in generality, restrict oneself to semiregular operators on C^*-algebras. We then prove that for abelian C^*-algebras as well as for subalgebras of the algebra of compact operators, any closed semiregular operator is automatically regular. We also determine how a regular operator and its extensions (and restrictions) are related. Finally, using these results, we give a criterion for a semiregular operator on a liminal C^*-algebra to have a regular extension.

Let $E$ and $F$ be two Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $C^*$-algebras $A$ and $B$, respectively. Let $T$ be a surjective linear isometry from $E$ onto $F$ and $\varphi$ a map from $A$ into $B$. We will prove in this paper that if the $C^*$-algebras $A$ and $B$ are commutative, then $T$ preserves the inner products and $T$ is a module map, i.e., there exists a $*$-isomorphism $\varphi$ between the $C^*$-algebras such that $$ \langle Tx,Ty\rangle=\varphi(\langle x,y\rangle), $$ and $$ T(xa)=T(x)\varphi(a). $$ In case $A$ or $B$ is noncommutative $C^*$-algebra, $T$ may not satisfy the equations above in general. We will also give some condition such that $T$ preserves the inner products and $T$ is a module map.

Hilbert C*-modules are the analogues of Hilbert spaces where a C*-algebra plays the role of the scalar field. With the advent of Kasparov's celebrated KK-theory they became a standard tool in the theory of operator algebras. While the elementary properties of Hilbert C*-modules can be derived basically in parallel to Hilbert space theory the lack of an analogue of the Projection Theorem soon leads to serious obstructions and difficulties. In particular the theory of unbounded operators is notoriously more complicated due to the additional axiom of regularity which is not easy to check. In this paper we present a new criterion for regularity in terms of the Hilbert space localizations of an unbounded operator. We discuss several examples which show that the criterion can easily be checked and that it leads to nontrivial regularity results.

In this paper we prove a version of Gruss integral inequality for mappings with values in Hilbert C*-modules. Some applications for such functions are also given.

We study the spectral properties of a class of many channel Hamiltonians which contains those of systems of particles interacting through k-body and field type forces which do not preserve the number of particles. Our results concern the essential spectrum, the Mourre estimate, and the absence of singular continuous spectrum. The appropriate formalism involves graded C*-algebras and Hilbert C*-modules as basic tools.

Suppose $T$ and $S$ are bounded adjointable operators with close range between Hilbert C*-modules, then $TS$ has closed range if and only if $Ker(T)+Ran(S)$ is an orthogonal summand, if and only if $Ker(S^*)+Ran(T^*)$ is an orthogonal summand. Moreover, if the Dixmier (or minimal) angle between $Ran(S)$ and $Ker(T) \cap [Ker(T) \cap Ran(S)]^{\perp}$ is positive and $ \bar{Ker(S^*)+Ran(T^*)} $ is an orthogonal summand then $TS$ has closed range.

We investigate the structured frames for Hilbert $C^{*}$-modules. In the case that the underlying $C^{*}$-algebra is a commutative $W^*$-algebra, we prove that the set of the Parseval frame generators for a unitary operator group can be parameterized by the set of all the unitary operators in the double commutant of the group. Similar result holds for the set of all the general frame generators where the unitary operators are replaced by invertible and adjointable operators. Consequently, the set of all the Parseval frame generators is path-connected. We also obtain the existence and uniqueness results for the best Parseval multi-frame approximations for multi-frame generators of unitary operator groups on Hilbert $C^*$-modules when the underlying $C^{*}$-algebra is commutative.

It is known that the classical Hilbert--Schmidt theorem can be generalized to the case of compact operators in Hilbert $A$-modules $H_A^*$ over a $W^*$-algebra of finite type, i.e. compact operators in $H_A^*$ under slight restrictions can be diagonalized over $A$. We show that if $B$ is a weakly dense $C^*$-subalgebra of real rank zero in $A$ with some additional property then the natural extension of a compact operator from $H_B$ to $H_A^*\supset H_B$ can be diagonalized with diagonal entries being from the $C^*$-algebra $B$.

A $\Sigma^*$-algebra is a concrete $C^*$-algebra that is sequentially closed in the weak operator topology. We study an appropriate class of $C^*$-modules over $\Sigma^*$-algebras analogous to the class of $W^*$-modules (selfdual $C^*$-modules over $W^*$-algebras), and we are able to obtain $\Sigma^*$-versions of virtually all the results in the basic theory of $C^*$- and $W^*$-modules. In the second half of the paper, we study modules possessing a weak sequential form of the condition of being countably generated. A particular highlight of the paper is the "$\Sigma^*$-module completion," a $\Sigma^*$-analogue of the selfdual completion of a $C^*$-module over a $W^*$-algebra, which has an elegant uniqueness condition in the countably generated case.

We consider projectivity and injectivity of Hilbert C*-modules in the categories of Hilbert C*-(bi-)modules over a fixed C*-algebra of coefficients (and another fixed C*-algebra represented as bounded module operators) and bounded (bi-)module morphisms, either necessarily adjointable or arbitrary ones. As a consequence of these investigations, we obtain a set of equivalent conditions characterizing C*-subalgebras of C*-algebras of compact operators on Hilbert spaces in terms of general properties of Hilbert C*-modules over them. Our results complement results recently obtained by B. Magajna, J. Schweizer and M. Kusuda. In particular, all Hilbert C*-(bi-)modules over C*-algebras of compact operators on Hilbert spaces are both injective and projective in the categories we consider. For more general C*-algebras we obtain classes of injective and projective Hilbert C*-(bi-)modules.

Continuing the research on the Banach-Saks and Schur properties started in (cf. M. Frank, A. A. Pavlov, Banach-Saks properties of C*-algebras and Hilbert C*-modules (submitted)) we investigate analogous properties in the module context. As an environment serves the class of Hilbert C*-modules. Some properties of weak module topologies on Hilbert C*-modules are described. Natural module analogues of the classical weak Banach-Saks and the classical Schur properties are defined and studied. A number of useful characterizations of properties of Hilbert C*-modules is obtained. In particular, some interrelations of these properties with the self-duality property of countably generated Hilbert C*-modules are established.

Continuous actions of topological groups on compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ are investigated which induce almost periodic functions in the corresponding commutative C*-algebra. The unique invariant mean on the group resulting from averaging allows to derive a C*-valued inner product and a Hilbert C*-module which serve as an environment to describe characteristics of the group action. For uniformly continuous, Lyapunov stable actions the derived invariant mean $M(\phi_x)$ is continuous on $X$ for any element $\phi \in C(X)$, and the induced C*-valued inner product corresponds to a conditional expectation from $C(X)$ onto the fixed point algebra of the action defined by averaging on orbits. In the case of selfduality of the Hilbert C*-module all orbits are shown to have the same cardinality. Stable actions on compact metric spaces give rise to C*-reflexive Hilbert C*-modules. The same is true if the cardinality of finite orbits is uniformly bounded and the number of closures of infinite orbits is finite. A number of examples illustrate typical situations appearing beyond the classified cases.

Continuous actions of topological groups on compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ are investigated which induce almost periodic functions in the corresponding commutative C*-algebra. The unique invariant mean on the group resulting from averaging allows to derive a C*-valued inner product and a Hilbert C*-module which serve as an environment to describe characteristics of the group action. For uniformly continuous, Lyapunov stable actions the derived invariant mean $M(\phi_x)$ is continuous on $X$ for any element $\phi \in C(X)$, and the induced C*-valued inner product corresponds to a conditional expectation from $C(X)$ onto the fixed point algebra of the action defined by averaging on orbits. In the case of selfduality of the Hilbert C*-module all orbits are shown to have the same cardinality. Stable actions on compact metric spaces give rise to C*-reflexive Hilbert C*-modules. The same is true if the cardinality of finite orbits is uniformly bounded and the number of closures of infinite orbits is finite. A number of examples illustrate typical situations appearing beyond the classified cases.

We give a comprehensive introduction to a general modular frame construction in Hilbert C*-modules and to related modular operators on them. The Hilbert space situation appears as a special case. The reported investigations rely on the idea of geometric dilation to standard Hilbert C*-modulesover unital C*-algebras that admit an orthonormal Riesz basis. Interrelations and applications to classical linear frame theory are indicated. As an application we describe the nature of families of operators {S_i} such that SUM_i S*_iS_i=id_H, where H is a Hilbert space. Resorting to frames in Hilbert spaces we discuss some measures for pairs of frames to be close to one another. Most of the measures are expressed in terms of norm-distances of different kinds of frame operators. In particular, the existence and uniqueness of the closest (normalized) tight frame to a given frame is investigated. For Riesz bases with certain restrictions the set of closetst tight frames often contains a multiple of its symmetric orthogonalization (i.e. L\"owdin orthogonalization).