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1Communist Manifesto

By Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote their <i>Manifesto</i> in December 1847, as a guide to the fundamental principles and practices of Communists. The <i>Manifesto</i> also predicted the ultimate downfall of the capitalist system.<br />(Summary written by Gesine) <br /><br /> A recording in the original <em>German</em> language is available <a href="http://librivox.org/manifest-der-kommunistischen-partei-von-karl-marx-und-friedrich-engels/">here</a>

2Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei

By Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels schrieben ihr <i>Manifest</i> im Dezember 1847, als Leitfaden fuer die grundsaetzlichen Prinzipien und Praktiken des Kommunismus. Das <i>Manifest</i> sagte ausserdem den Untergang des Kapitalistismus’ voraus.<br>(Zusammenfassung von Gesine) <br><br> Eine Aufnahme in <em>englischer</em> Übersetzung gibt es <a href="http://librivox.org/the-communist-manifesto-by-karl-marx-and-friendrich-engels/">hier</a>

3Communist Manifesto (version 2)

By Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

The Communist Manifesto was conceived as an outline of the basic beliefs of the Communist movement. The authors believed that the European Powers were universally afraid of the nascent movement, and were condemning as "communist," people or activities that did not actually conform to what the Communists believed. This Manifesto, then, became a manual for their beliefs.<br><br>In it we find Marx and Engel's rehearsal of the idea that Capital has stolen away the work of the artisan and peasant by building up factories to produce goods cheaply. The efficiency of Capital depends, then, on the wage laborers who staff the factories and how little they will accept in order to have work. This concentrates power and money in a Bourgeois class that profits from the disunity of workers (Proletarians), who only receive a subsistence wage.<br><br>If workers unite in a class struggle against the bourgeois, using riot and strikes as weapons, they will eventually overthrow the bourgeois and replace them as a ruling class. Communists further believe in and lay out a system of reforms to transform into a classless, stateless society, thus distinguishing themselves from various flavors of Socialism, which would be content to have workers remain the ruling class after the revolution.<br><br>The Manifesto caused a huge amount of discussion for its support for a forcible overthrow of the existing politics and society. (Summary by Mark F. Smith)

The main idea of "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific" (1880) was distinguishing scientific socialism and utopian socialism. Engels begins by chronicaling the thought of utopian socialists, starting with Saint-Simon. He then proceeds to Fourier and Robert Owen. In chapter two, he summarizes dialectics, and then chronicles the thought from the ancient Greeks to Hegel. Chapter three summarizes dialectics in relation to economic and social struggles, essentially echoing the words of Marx. <br /><br /> (Introduction by Wikipedia)

5Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844

By Friedrich Engels

This is Engels' first book (since considered a classic account of England's working class in the industrial age), which argues that workers paid a heavy price for the industrial revolution that swept the country. Engels wrote the piece while staying in Manchester from 1842 to 1844, based on th bohis observations and several contemporary reports conducted over the period. (Summary by Cathy Barratt)

6Revolution and Counter-Revolution, or: Germany in 1848

By Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

Revolution and Counter-Revolution is an account of what happened in Prussia, Austria and other German states during 1848, describing the impact on both middle-class and working-class aspirations and on the idea of German unification. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism, which Engels was against. (Summary by Wikipedia)

Manifest Komunistyczny, napisany przez Karla Marxa oraz Friedricha Engelsa, przedstawia krytykę głównego sytemu ekonomicznego państw Europy XIX wieku - kapitalizmu. Analizując społeczeństwo pod kątem teorii krytycznej, Marx i Engels ukazują problemy i sprzeczności obecnej w tamtych czasach hierarchii społecznej, poprzez zwrócenie uwagi na antagonizm klasowy pomiędzy burżuazją, klasą panującą, a proletariatem, klasą robotniczą. Filozofia przedstawiona przez obu autorów miała ogromny wpływ na reformy polityczne, które poprawiły standardy pracy robotników państw rozwiniętych, od zakazania pracy dzieci po ustanowienie weekendu. Mimo upływu czasu, teorie Marxa i Engelsa używane do analiz socjologicznych do dziś, potrafiąc odkryć problemy naszego społeczeństwa, na które wcześniej nie zwróciliśmy uwagi.