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1GO! Technology In Action

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  • Language: English

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The book is available for download in "texts" format, the size of the file-s is: 2425.78 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 6 times, the file-s went public at Thu Jan 10 2019.

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2Go Tooling In Action

In this video I cover some of the dev tools that I use in my day to day as a gopher at Google. For a workshop form of this video check this out: https://github.com/campoy/go-tooling-workshop VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com vscode-go: https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-go go-wrk: https://github.com/tsliwowicz/go-wrk go-torch: https://github.com/uber/go-torch

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The book is available for download in "movies" format, the size of the file-s is: 297.05 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 17 times, the file-s went public at Tue Jan 09 2018.

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3Today's Show: Government Announces An End To Travel Mandates And Restrictions, Alberta Defence Lawyers Escalate Job Action And EI And CPP Premiums To Go Up In The New Year

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On today's show, Canadian Airports Council President, Monette Pasher, joins us to discuss how travel may be impacted by the removal of vaccine requirements, mask mandates and other travel restrictions. And, criminal defence lawyer, Danielle Boisvert, explains how lawyers are escalating job action and what that means for people seeking legal counsel. Plus, EI and CPP premiums are going up in the new year. Economics professor Trevor Tomb explains.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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The book is available for download in "audio" format, the size of the file-s is: 42.89 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 1 times, the file-s went public at Sun Dec 10 2023.

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4JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle Is Happy To Introduce Our Action-packed New Series Of Just Our Full Matchups! Deadpool Vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson Vs SLADE Wilson. These Two Are So Similar They Could Be Interdimensional Brothers 👬 But As Similar As These Two Anti-heros Are, Their Personalities Couldn't Be Any More Different! Deadpool's Regenerative Abilities And Constant Stream Of Humor Definitely Gave Him The Edge When Deathstroke Just Couldn't Keep His Cool. As OP As Deathstroke Is, Where Did He Go Wrong? DROP Your Takes In The Comments ⬇️ And You'll Receive A Like From Yours Truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration

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JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle is happy to introduce our action-packed new series of just our full matchups! Deadpool vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson vs SLADE Wilson. These two are so similar they could be interdimensional brothers 👬 But as similar as these two anti-heros are, their personalities couldn't be any more different! Deadpool's regenerative abilities and constant stream of humor definitely gave him the edge when Deathstroke just couldn't keep his cool. As OP as Deathstroke is, where did he go wrong? DROP your takes in the comments ⬇️ and you'll receive a like from yours truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration

“JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle Is Happy To Introduce Our Action-packed New Series Of Just Our Full Matchups! Deadpool Vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson Vs SLADE Wilson. These Two Are So Similar They Could Be Interdimensional Brothers 👬 But As Similar As These Two Anti-heros Are, Their Personalities Couldn't Be Any More Different! Deadpool's Regenerative Abilities And Constant Stream Of Humor Definitely Gave Him The Edge When Deathstroke Just Couldn't Keep His Cool. As OP As Deathstroke Is, Where Did He Go Wrong? DROP Your Takes In The Comments ⬇️ And You'll Receive A Like From Yours Truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle Is Happy To Introduce Our Action-packed New Series Of Just Our Full Matchups! Deadpool Vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson Vs SLADE Wilson. These Two Are So Similar They Could Be Interdimensional Brothers 👬 But As Similar As These Two Anti-heros Are, Their Personalities Couldn't Be Any More Different! Deadpool's Regenerative Abilities And Constant Stream Of Humor Definitely Gave Him The Edge When Deathstroke Just Couldn't Keep His Cool. As OP As Deathstroke Is, Where Did He Go Wrong? DROP Your Takes In The Comments ⬇️ And You'll Receive A Like From Yours Truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration
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“JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle Is Happy To Introduce Our Action-packed New Series Of Just Our Full Matchups! Deadpool Vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson Vs SLADE Wilson. These Two Are So Similar They Could Be Interdimensional Brothers 👬 But As Similar As These Two Anti-heros Are, Their Personalities Couldn't Be Any More Different! Deadpool's Regenerative Abilities And Constant Stream Of Humor Definitely Gave Him The Edge When Deathstroke Just Couldn't Keep His Cool. As OP As Deathstroke Is, Where Did He Go Wrong? DROP Your Takes In The Comments ⬇️ And You'll Receive A Like From Yours Truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration” Subjects and Themes:

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The book is available for download in "movies" format, the size of the file-s is: 35.55 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 17 times, the file-s went public at Wed Mar 20 2024.

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Find JUST! THE! FIGHT! 🔥👊 Death Battle Is Happy To Introduce Our Action-packed New Series Of Just Our Full Matchups! Deadpool Vs Deathstroke: WADE Wilson Vs SLADE Wilson. These Two Are So Similar They Could Be Interdimensional Brothers 👬 But As Similar As These Two Anti-heros Are, Their Personalities Couldn't Be Any More Different! Deadpool's Regenerative Abilities And Constant Stream Of Humor Definitely Gave Him The Edge When Deathstroke Just Couldn't Keep His Cool. As OP As Deathstroke Is, Where Did He Go Wrong? DROP Your Takes In The Comments ⬇️ And You'll Receive A Like From Yours Truly 🖤🔥 #deathbattle #marvel #dccomics #deadpool #deathstroke #creativityprogrambeta #tiktok_collaboration at online marketplaces:


5Samuel L. Jackson - Listen Up - If 2500 Of You Click A Voting Action Below To Make Sure You’re #GoodToVote, I Will Teach You To Swear In 15 Different Languages. Go To Now!

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Listen up - If 2500 of you click a voting action below to make sure you’re #GoodToVote, I will teach you to swear in 15 different languages. Go to https://t.co/nVk8WzUm8N now! https://t.co/g4eUmHwuP9 Source: https://twitter.com/SamuelLJackson/status/1305575344867389440?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1305575344867389440%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mangozero.com%2Fsamuel-l-jackson-cussing-in-15-languages%2F Uploader: Samuel L. Jackson

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The book is available for download in "movies" format, the size of the file-s is: 0.76 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 38 times, the file-s went public at Fri Sep 18 2020.

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6CALL TO ACTION: Reports Coming In From Across Alabama That The Race Is Incredibly Close! We Need Every Supporter To GO VOTE ASAP! #ALSen Https://t.co/IIjurHbkmQ

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CALL TO ACTION: Reports coming in from across Alabama that the race is incredibly close! We need every supporter to GO VOTE ASAP! #ALSen https://t.co/IIjurHbkmQ

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The book is available for download in "movies" format, the size of the file-s is: 17.51 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 13 times, the file-s went public at Thu Dec 14 2017.

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7Action Framing Modulates Pavlovian Biases In The Motivational Go/no-go Task

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Previous work has shown that in the motivational go/no-go task, participants learn go responses more easily when go responses lead to winning rewards than avoiding punishments, and conversely, learn no-go responses more easily when no-go responses lead to avoiding punishments and winning rewards. These effects, often referred to as “Pavlovian biases”, are theorized to reflect hardwired, reflex-like associations between reward and action activation (i.e., go), and between punishment and action inhibition. Contrary to this idea, we recently found that these Pavlovian biases are highly malleable, and depend on the framing of actions. When go responses were framed as collecting something, and no-go responses as not collecting something, we observed the typical Pavlovian biases. However, when go responses were framed as throwing something away, and no-go responses as keeping something, the Pavlovian biases were reduced, and in one instance even reversed (i.e., in one experiment, participants learned no-go responses more easily to win rewards than to avoid punishments). In the current experiment, we aim to replicate these findings.

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The book is available for download in "data" format, the size of the file-s is: 0.53 Mbs, the file-s went public at Thu Jun 12 2025.

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8IWD2021: Racialized Women In Science, Ahona Mehdi Says HWDSB Sanctions Don't Go Far Enough & #ChooseToChallenge - A Call-to-action On Building A Gender-equal World

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The Bill Kelly Show Podcast:Why have racialized women in science not seeing the same rate of success as white women? How can science be more inclusive for all women?GUEST: Dr. Juliet M. Daniel, Professor and (Acting) Associate Dean of Research & External Relations with Faculty of Science with McMaster University-HWDSB Voted on Trustee Sanctions Following Breaches of Code of ConductReaction to the decision and the importance of diversity and women in educationGUEST: Ahona Mehdi, Former HWDSB student trustee-\"The theme for this year's International Women's Day is #ChooseToChallenge - a call-to-action on building a gender-equal world. We, at the Ontario Chamber, choose to challenge our public policymakers to take action in their upcoming budgets,\" said Rocco Rossi, President and CEO, OCC. \"These aren't simply women's issues; they are economic issues. For the OCC, #ChooseToChallenge means applying both legislative and social solutions to the challenges faced by women in the workplace, many of which have been amplified by the pandemic.\"The OCC's recent report, The She-Covery Project: Confronting the Gendered Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Ontario lays out a path to Ontario's \"she-covery\" by offering recommendations to confront both immediate and longer-term challenges around leadership and accountability, child care, workforce development, entrepreneurship, and flexible work.GUEST: Michelle Eaton, Vice President of Public Affairs with the Ontario Chamber of Commerce

“IWD2021: Racialized Women In Science, Ahona Mehdi Says HWDSB Sanctions Don't Go Far Enough & #ChooseToChallenge - A Call-to-action On Building A Gender-equal World” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  IWD2021: Racialized Women In Science, Ahona Mehdi Says HWDSB Sanctions Don't Go Far Enough & #ChooseToChallenge - A Call-to-action On Building A Gender-equal World
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The book is available for download in "audio" format, the size of the file-s is: 47.70 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 14 times, the file-s went public at Wed Dec 11 2024.

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9Go! Technology In Action (Custom Edition For Oklahoma State University)

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The Bill Kelly Show Podcast:Why have racialized women in science not seeing the same rate of success as white women? How can science be more inclusive for all women?GUEST: Dr. Juliet M. Daniel, Professor and (Acting) Associate Dean of Research & External Relations with Faculty of Science with McMaster University-HWDSB Voted on Trustee Sanctions Following Breaches of Code of ConductReaction to the decision and the importance of diversity and women in educationGUEST: Ahona Mehdi, Former HWDSB student trustee-\"The theme for this year's International Women's Day is #ChooseToChallenge - a call-to-action on building a gender-equal world. We, at the Ontario Chamber, choose to challenge our public policymakers to take action in their upcoming budgets,\" said Rocco Rossi, President and CEO, OCC. \"These aren't simply women's issues; they are economic issues. For the OCC, #ChooseToChallenge means applying both legislative and social solutions to the challenges faced by women in the workplace, many of which have been amplified by the pandemic.\"The OCC's recent report, The She-Covery Project: Confronting the Gendered Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Ontario lays out a path to Ontario's \"she-covery\" by offering recommendations to confront both immediate and longer-term challenges around leadership and accountability, child care, workforce development, entrepreneurship, and flexible work.GUEST: Michelle Eaton, Vice President of Public Affairs with the Ontario Chamber of Commerce

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  • Title: ➤  Go! Technology In Action (Custom Edition For Oklahoma State University)
  • Author: ➤  
  • Language: English

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The book is available for download in "texts" format, the size of the file-s is: 1833.16 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 21 times, the file-s went public at Sat Feb 25 2023.

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10Go And Do Likewise : Catholic Social Teaching In Action

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The Bill Kelly Show Podcast:Why have racialized women in science not seeing the same rate of success as white women? How can science be more inclusive for all women?GUEST: Dr. Juliet M. Daniel, Professor and (Acting) Associate Dean of Research & External Relations with Faculty of Science with McMaster University-HWDSB Voted on Trustee Sanctions Following Breaches of Code of ConductReaction to the decision and the importance of diversity and women in educationGUEST: Ahona Mehdi, Former HWDSB student trustee-\"The theme for this year's International Women's Day is #ChooseToChallenge - a call-to-action on building a gender-equal world. We, at the Ontario Chamber, choose to challenge our public policymakers to take action in their upcoming budgets,\" said Rocco Rossi, President and CEO, OCC. \"These aren't simply women's issues; they are economic issues. For the OCC, #ChooseToChallenge means applying both legislative and social solutions to the challenges faced by women in the workplace, many of which have been amplified by the pandemic.\"The OCC's recent report, The She-Covery Project: Confronting the Gendered Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Ontario lays out a path to Ontario's \"she-covery\" by offering recommendations to confront both immediate and longer-term challenges around leadership and accountability, child care, workforce development, entrepreneurship, and flexible work.GUEST: Michelle Eaton, Vice President of Public Affairs with the Ontario Chamber of Commerce

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  • Title: ➤  Go And Do Likewise : Catholic Social Teaching In Action
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  • Language: English

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The book is available for download in "texts" format, the size of the file-s is: 360.06 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 29 times, the file-s went public at Sat Jun 25 2022.

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11Faith In Action Wk 5 Abraham Go And Trust

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Faith in Action Week 5 - Abraham - Go and Trust - message delivered by Pastor Leiloni Holder at Holiday FMC , 5330 Whippoorwill Drive, Holiday, Florida 34690 on February 23, 2020.

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The book is available for download in "audio" format, the size of the file-s is: 9.19 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 26 times, the file-s went public at Wed Mar 04 2020.

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12The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.

The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick links Report bugs Discuss Other sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except as otherwise  noted , the content of this page is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license , and examples are licensed under the  BSD License . Privacy Edit this page For Developers  &gt;  How-Tos  &gt; Debugging Chromium on Windows First see  get the code  for checkout and build instructions. Getting started You can use Visual Studio's built-in debugger or  WinDBG  to debug Chromium. You don't need to use the IDE to build in order to use the debugger: autoninja is used to build Chromium and most developers invoke it from a command prompt, and then open the IDE for debugging as necessary. To start debugging an already-built executable with Visual Studio just launch Visual Studio (2019 or higher) and select File-&gt; Open-&gt; Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) and select the executable of interest. This will create a solution with that executable as the 'project'. You can then launch the debugger with F5 or F11 or from the Debug menu. If you right-click on the executable in Solution Explorer and select properties then you can edit things such as the executable path, command-line arguments, and working directory. You can add additional executables to the solution by using File-&gt; Add-&gt; Existing Project and selecting another already-built executable. You can select which one to debug by right-clicking on one of them in Solution Explorer and selecting Set as Startup Project. When your solution file is customized to your taste you can save it to a directory such as out\solutions. Saving it there helps ensure that relative paths to source files, printed from build commands, will correctly identify the source files. The Tools menu can be used to add commands to do things like invoke autoninja to build Chrome, compile the selected source file, or other things. Visual Studio 2017 is not recommended for debugging of Chromium - use a newer version for best performance and stability. symbol_level=2  is the default on Windows and gives full debugging information with types, locals, globals, function names, and source/line information.  symbol_level=1  creates smaller PDBs with just function names, and source/line information - source-level debugging is still supported (new from June 2019), but local variables and type information are missing.  symbol_level=0  gives extremely limited debugging abilities, mostly just viewing call stacks when Chromium crashes. Browsing source code If you use a solution file generated by gn ( gn gen --ide=vs ) then Intellisense may help you navigate the code. If this doesn't work or if you use a solution created as above then you may want to install  VsChromium  to help navigate the code, as well as using  https://source.chromium.org . Profiles It's a good idea to use a different Chrome profile for your debugging. If you are debugging Google Chrome branded builds, or use a Chromium build as your primary browser, the profiles can collide so you can't run both at once, and your stable browser might see profile versions from the future (Google Chrome and Chromium use different profile directories by default so won't collide). Use the command-line option: --user-data-dir =C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace the path as necessary) Using the IDE, go to the  Debugging  tab of the properties of the chrome project, and set the  Command Arguments. Chrome debug log Enable Chrome debug logging to a file by passing  --enable-logging --v=1  command-line flags at startup. Debug builds place the  chrome_debug.log  file in the  out\Debug  directory. Release builds place the file in the top level of the user data Chromium app directory, which is OS-version-dependent. For more information, see  logging  and  user data directory  details. Symbol server If you are debugging official Google Chrome release builds, use the symbol server: https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, this goes in  Tools &gt; Options  under  Debugging &gt; Symbols . You should set up a local cache in a empty directory on your computer. In windbg you can add this to your symbol server search path with the command below, where C:\symbols is a local cache directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You can set the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable to include both the Microsoft and Google symbol servers - VS, windbg, and other tools should both respect this environment variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH =SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols ;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note that symbol servers will let the debuggers download both the PE files (DLLs and EXEs) and the PDB files. Chrome often loads third party libraries and partial symbols for some of these are also public. For example: AMD : https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia : https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel : https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For example, for completeness, the following symbol server environment variable will resolve all of the above sources - but this is more than is normally needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source indexing You should set up source indexing in your debugger ( .srcfix  in windbg, Tools-&gt; Options-&gt; Debugging-&gt; General-&gt;  Enable source server support  in Visual Studio) so that the correct source files will automatically be downloaded based on information in the downloaded symbols. Additionally, you must have  python  in your  path  in order for the  command that fetches source files  to succeed; launching the debugger from the same environment as where you build Chromium is an easy way to ensure it's present. This is highly recommended when debugging released Google Chrome builds or looking at crash dumps. Having the correct version of the source files automatically show up saves significant time so you should definitely set this. Multi-process issues Chromium can be challenging to debug because of its  multi-process architecture . When you select  Run  in the debugger, only the main browser process will be debugged. The code that actually renders web pages (the Renderer) and the plugins will be in separate processes that's not (yet!) being debugged. The  ProcessExplorer  tool has a process tree view where you can see how these processes are related. You can also get the process IDs associated with each tab from the Chrome Task Manager (right-click on an empty area of the window title bar to open). Automatically attach to child processes There are two Visual Studio extensions that enable the debugger to automatically attach to all Chrome processes, so you can debug all of Chrome at once. Microsoft's  Child Process Debugging Power Tool  is a standalone extension for this, and  VsChromium  is another option that bundles many other additional features. In addition to installing one of these extensions, you  must  run Visual Studio as Administrator, or it will silently fail to attach to some of Chrome's child processes. Single-process mode One way to debug issues is to run Chromium in single-process mode. This will allow you to see the entire state of the program without extra work (although it will still have many threads). To use single-process mode, add the command-line flag --single-process This approach isn't perfect because some problems won't manifest themselves in this mode and some features don't work and worker threads are still spawned into new processes. Manually attaching to a child process You can attach to the running child processes with the debugger. Select  Tools &gt; Attach to Process  and click the  chrome.exe  process you want to attach to. Before attaching, make sure you have selected only Native code when attaching to the process This is done by clicking Select... in the Attach to Process window and only checking Native. If you forget this, it may attempt to attach in "WebKit" mode to debug JavaScript, and you'll get an error message "An operation is not legal in the current state." You can now debug the two processes as if they were one. When you are debugging multiple processes, open the  Debug &gt; Windows &gt; Processes  window to switch between them. Sometimes you are debugging something that only happens on startup, and want to see the child process as soon as it starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You have to disable the sandbox or the dialog box will be prohibited from showing. When the dialog appears, visit Tools &gt; Attach to Process and attach to the process showing the Renderer startup dialog. Now you're debugging in the renderer and can continue execution by pressing OK in the dialog. Startup dialogs also exist for other child process types:  --gpu-startup-dialog ,  --ppapi-startup-dialog ,  --utility-startup-dialog ,  --plugin-startup-dialog  (for NPAPI). For utilities, you can add a service type  --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService . You can also try  the vs-chromium plug-in  to attach to the right processes. Semi-automatically attaching the debugger to child processes The following flags cause child processes to wait for 60 seconds in a busy loop for a debugger to attach to the process. Once either condition is true, it continues on; no exception is thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children [=filter] The filter, if provided, will fire only if it matches the  --type  parameter to the process. Values include  renderer ,  plugin  (for NPAPI),  ppapi ,  gpu-process , and  utility . When using this option, it may be helpful to limit the number of renderer processes spawned, using: --renderer-process-limit = 1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) will not work because CreateProcess() returns the handle to the debugger process instead of the intended child process. There are also issues with the sandbox. Time travel debugging You can do  time travel debugging using WinDbg Preview  (must be installed from the Microsoft Store). This lets you execute a program forward and backwards. After capturing a trace, you can set breakpoints and step through code as normal, but also provides 'backwards' commands (g-, t-, p-) so that you can go back and forth through the execution. It is especially useful to set data breakpoints ( ba command ) and reverse continuing, so you can see when a certain variable was last changed to its current value. Chromium specifics: The type of injection the time travel tracer needs to perform is incompatible with the Chromium sandbox. In order to record a trace, you'll need to run with  --no-sandbox . Chromium cannot run elevated with Administrator privileges, so the "Launch executable (advance)" option won't work, you'll need to attach after the process has already launched via the checkbox in the bottom right. If you need to record startup-like things, you'll have to use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, then attach (and hope the relevant code hasn't executed before that point). JsDbg -- data structure visualization You can install  JsDbg as a plugin for WinDbg or Visual Studio . It interactively lets you look at data structures (such as the DOM tree, Accessibility tree, layout object tree, and others) in a web browser as you debug. See the  JsDbg site  for some screen shots and usage examples. This also works when examining memory dumps (though not minidumps), and also works together with time travel debugging. Visual Studio hints Debug visualizers Chrome's custom debug visualizers should be added to the pdb files and automatically picked up by Visual Studio. The definitions are in  //tools/win/DebugVisualizers  if you need to modify them (the BUILD.gn file there has additional instructions). Don't step into trivial functions The debugger can be configured to automatically not step into functions based on regular expression. Edit  default.natstepfilter  in the following directory: For Visual Studio 2015:  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers  (for all users) or  %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers  (for the current user only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro:  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers  (for all users) or  %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers  (for the current user only) Add regular expressions of functions to not step into. Remember to regex-escape  and  XML-escape them, e.g. &lt; for &lt; and \. for a literal dot. Example: &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; operator new &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; operator delete &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt;!-- Skip everything in std --&gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; std::.* &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt;!-- all methods on WebKit OwnPtr and variants, ... WTF::*Ptr&lt;*&gt;::* --&gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; WTF::.*Ptr&lt;.*&gt;::.* &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; This file is read at start of a debugging session (F5), so you don't need to restart Visual Studio after changing it. More info:  Microsoft email thread V8 and Chromium V8 supports many command-line flags that are useful for debugging. V8 command-line flags can be set via the Chromium command-line flag --js-flags; for instance: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note that some V8 command-line flags exist only in the debug build of V8. For a list of all V8 flags try: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--help" Graphics debugging GPU Acceleration of rendering can be more easily debugged with tools. See: Graphics Debugging in Visual Studio 2013 Graphical debugging with NVIDIA NSight Debugging on another machine Sometimes it's useful to debug installation and execution on a machine other than your primary build box. To run the installer on said other machine, first build the mini_installer target on your main build machine (e.g., autoninja -C out\Debug mini_installer). Next, on the debug machine: Make the build machine's build volume available on the debug machine either by mounting it locally (e.g., Z:\) or by crafting a UNC path to it (e.g., \\builder\src) Open up a command prompt and change to a local disk Run src\tools\win\ copy-installer.bat  in the remote checkout by way of the mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) or UNC path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This will copy the installer, DLLs, and PDBs into your debug machine's C:\out or C:\build (depending on if you're rocking the component=shared_library build or not) Run  C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe  with the flags of your choice to install Chrome. This can take some time, especially on a slow machine. Watch the Task Manager and wait until mini_installer.exe exits before trying to launch Chrome (by way of the shortcut(s) created by the installer) For extra pleasure, add C:\out\Debug to your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable Consider reading the documentation at the top of copy-installer.bat to see how you can run it. It tries to be smart and copy the right things, but you may need to be explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat out Debug"). It is safe to re-run the script to copy only modified files (after a rebuild, for example). You can also use the zip action of the isolate scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) to package all the files for a target into a single zip file, for example: python tools\mb\mb.py zip out/Release base_unittests base_unittests. zip Finding all memory allocations It is possible to use Heap Snapshots to get call stacks on all outstanding allocations that use the OS heap. This works particularly well if heap snapshots are started as soon as the Chrome browser process is created, but before it starts running. Details can be found in  this batch file . However, with  PartitionAlloc Everywhere  most Chromium allocations no longer use the Windows heap so this will only find a subset of allocations, mostly from OS DLLs. Find memory leaks Note: as with Heap Snapshots the utility of UMDH is greatly reduced now because PartitionAlloc Everywhere has mostly replaced the Windows heap. The Windows heap manager has a really useful debug flag, where it can be asked to capture and store a stack trace with every allocation. The tool to scrape these stack traces out of processes is UMDH, which comes with  WinDbg . UMDH is great. It will capture a snapshot of the heap state as many times as you like, and it'll do it fairly quickly. You then run it again against either a single snapshot, or a pair of snapshots, at which time it'll symbolize the stack traces and aggregate usage up to unique stack traces. Turning on the user stack trace database for chrome.exe with gflags.exe makes it run unbearably slowly; however, turning on the user stack trace database on for the browser alone is just fine. While it's possible to turn on the user stack database with the "!gflag" debugging extension, it's too late to do this by the time the initial debugger breakpoint hits. The only reasonable way to do this is to Launch GFlags.exe, Enable the user stack trace database (per image below), Launch Chrome under the debugger. Set a breakpont when chrome.dll loads with "sxe ld chrome.dll". Step up, to allow Chrome.dll to initialize. Disable the stack trace database in GFlags.exe. Continue chrome, optionally detaching the debugger. GFlags.exe settings for user mode stack trace database. If you then ever suffer a browser memory leak, you can snarf a dump of the process with umdh - p :&lt;my browser pid&gt; &gt; chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt which can then typically be "trivially" analyzed to find the culprit. Miscellaneous Note that by default Application Verifier only works with non-official builds of Chromium. To use Application Verifier on official builds you need to add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity to avoid sandbox crashes in renderer processes. See  crbug.com/1004989  for details. See also  this page . Application Verifier  is a free tool from Microsoft (available as part of the Windows SDK) that can be used to flush out programming errors. Starting with M68 Application Verifier can be enabled for chrome.exe without needing to disable the sandbox. After adding chrome.exe to the list of applications to be stressed you need to expand the list of Basics checks and disable the  Leak  checks. You may also need to disable  Handles  and  Locks  checks depending on your graphics driver and specific Chrome version, but the eventual goal is to have Chrome run with  Handles  and  Locks  checks enabled. When bugs are found Chrome will trigger a breakpoint so running all Chrome processes under a debugger is recommended. Chrome will run much more slowly because Application Verifier puts every heap allocation on a separate page. Note that with PartitionAlloc Everywhere most Chromium allocations don't actually go through the Windows heap and are therefore unaffected by Application Verifier. You can check the undocumented 'Cuzz' checkbox in Application Verifier to get the Windows thread scheduler to add some extra randomness in order to help expose race conditions in your code. To put a breakpoint on CreateFile(), add this break point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} specifies the DLL (context operator). _ prefix means extern "C". @28 postfix means _stdcall with the stack pop at the end of the function. i.e. the number of arguments in BYTES. You can use  DebugView  from SysInternals or  sawbuck  to view LOG() messages that normally go to stderr on POSIX.

“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.

“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Subjects and Themes:

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Find The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX. at online marketplaces:


13#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By ‎English For You منارة العلم‎ | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy

By

The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick links Report bugs Discuss Other sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except as otherwise  noted , the content of this page is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license , and examples are licensed under the  BSD License . Privacy Edit this page For Developers  &gt;  How-Tos  &gt; Debugging Chromium on Windows First see  get the code  for checkout and build instructions. Getting started You can use Visual Studio's built-in debugger or  WinDBG  to debug Chromium. You don't need to use the IDE to build in order to use the debugger: autoninja is used to build Chromium and most developers invoke it from a command prompt, and then open the IDE for debugging as necessary. To start debugging an already-built executable with Visual Studio just launch Visual Studio (2019 or higher) and select File-&gt; Open-&gt; Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) and select the executable of interest. This will create a solution with that executable as the 'project'. You can then launch the debugger with F5 or F11 or from the Debug menu. If you right-click on the executable in Solution Explorer and select properties then you can edit things such as the executable path, command-line arguments, and working directory. You can add additional executables to the solution by using File-&gt; Add-&gt; Existing Project and selecting another already-built executable. You can select which one to debug by right-clicking on one of them in Solution Explorer and selecting Set as Startup Project. When your solution file is customized to your taste you can save it to a directory such as out\solutions. Saving it there helps ensure that relative paths to source files, printed from build commands, will correctly identify the source files. The Tools menu can be used to add commands to do things like invoke autoninja to build Chrome, compile the selected source file, or other things. Visual Studio 2017 is not recommended for debugging of Chromium - use a newer version for best performance and stability. symbol_level=2  is the default on Windows and gives full debugging information with types, locals, globals, function names, and source/line information.  symbol_level=1  creates smaller PDBs with just function names, and source/line information - source-level debugging is still supported (new from June 2019), but local variables and type information are missing.  symbol_level=0  gives extremely limited debugging abilities, mostly just viewing call stacks when Chromium crashes. Browsing source code If you use a solution file generated by gn ( gn gen --ide=vs ) then Intellisense may help you navigate the code. If this doesn't work or if you use a solution created as above then you may want to install  VsChromium  to help navigate the code, as well as using  https://source.chromium.org . Profiles It's a good idea to use a different Chrome profile for your debugging. If you are debugging Google Chrome branded builds, or use a Chromium build as your primary browser, the profiles can collide so you can't run both at once, and your stable browser might see profile versions from the future (Google Chrome and Chromium use different profile directories by default so won't collide). Use the command-line option: --user-data-dir =C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace the path as necessary) Using the IDE, go to the  Debugging  tab of the properties of the chrome project, and set the  Command Arguments. Chrome debug log Enable Chrome debug logging to a file by passing  --enable-logging --v=1  command-line flags at startup. Debug builds place the  chrome_debug.log  file in the  out\Debug  directory. Release builds place the file in the top level of the user data Chromium app directory, which is OS-version-dependent. For more information, see  logging  and  user data directory  details. Symbol server If you are debugging official Google Chrome release builds, use the symbol server: https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, this goes in  Tools &gt; Options  under  Debugging &gt; Symbols . You should set up a local cache in a empty directory on your computer. In windbg you can add this to your symbol server search path with the command below, where C:\symbols is a local cache directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You can set the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable to include both the Microsoft and Google symbol servers - VS, windbg, and other tools should both respect this environment variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH =SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols ;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note that symbol servers will let the debuggers download both the PE files (DLLs and EXEs) and the PDB files. Chrome often loads third party libraries and partial symbols for some of these are also public. For example: AMD : https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia : https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel : https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For example, for completeness, the following symbol server environment variable will resolve all of the above sources - but this is more than is normally needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source indexing You should set up source indexing in your debugger ( .srcfix  in windbg, Tools-&gt; Options-&gt; Debugging-&gt; General-&gt;  Enable source server support  in Visual Studio) so that the correct source files will automatically be downloaded based on information in the downloaded symbols. Additionally, you must have  python  in your  path  in order for the  command that fetches source files  to succeed; launching the debugger from the same environment as where you build Chromium is an easy way to ensure it's present. This is highly recommended when debugging released Google Chrome builds or looking at crash dumps. Having the correct version of the source files automatically show up saves significant time so you should definitely set this. Multi-process issues Chromium can be challenging to debug because of its  multi-process architecture . When you select  Run  in the debugger, only the main browser process will be debugged. The code that actually renders web pages (the Renderer) and the plugins will be in separate processes that's not (yet!) being debugged. The  ProcessExplorer  tool has a process tree view where you can see how these processes are related. You can also get the process IDs associated with each tab from the Chrome Task Manager (right-click on an empty area of the window title bar to open). Automatically attach to child processes There are two Visual Studio extensions that enable the debugger to automatically attach to all Chrome processes, so you can debug all of Chrome at once. Microsoft's  Child Process Debugging Power Tool  is a standalone extension for this, and  VsChromium  is another option that bundles many other additional features. In addition to installing one of these extensions, you  must  run Visual Studio as Administrator, or it will silently fail to attach to some of Chrome's child processes. Single-process mode One way to debug issues is to run Chromium in single-process mode. This will allow you to see the entire state of the program without extra work (although it will still have many threads). To use single-process mode, add the command-line flag --single-process This approach isn't perfect because some problems won't manifest themselves in this mode and some features don't work and worker threads are still spawned into new processes. Manually attaching to a child process You can attach to the running child processes with the debugger. Select  Tools &gt; Attach to Process  and click the  chrome.exe  process you want to attach to. Before attaching, make sure you have selected only Native code when attaching to the process This is done by clicking Select... in the Attach to Process window and only checking Native. If you forget this, it may attempt to attach in "WebKit" mode to debug JavaScript, and you'll get an error message "An operation is not legal in the current state." You can now debug the two processes as if they were one. When you are debugging multiple processes, open the  Debug &gt; Windows &gt; Processes  window to switch between them. Sometimes you are debugging something that only happens on startup, and want to see the child process as soon as it starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You have to disable the sandbox or the dialog box will be prohibited from showing. When the dialog appears, visit Tools &gt; Attach to Process and attach to the process showing the Renderer startup dialog. Now you're debugging in the renderer and can continue execution by pressing OK in the dialog. Startup dialogs also exist for other child process types:  --gpu-startup-dialog ,  --ppapi-startup-dialog ,  --utility-startup-dialog ,  --plugin-startup-dialog  (for NPAPI). For utilities, you can add a service type  --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService . You can also try  the vs-chromium plug-in  to attach to the right processes. Semi-automatically attaching the debugger to child processes The following flags cause child processes to wait for 60 seconds in a busy loop for a debugger to attach to the process. Once either condition is true, it continues on; no exception is thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children [=filter] The filter, if provided, will fire only if it matches the  --type  parameter to the process. Values include  renderer ,  plugin  (for NPAPI),  ppapi ,  gpu-process , and  utility . When using this option, it may be helpful to limit the number of renderer processes spawned, using: --renderer-process-limit = 1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) will not work because CreateProcess() returns the handle to the debugger process instead of the intended child process. There are also issues with the sandbox. Time travel debugging You can do  time travel debugging using WinDbg Preview  (must be installed from the Microsoft Store). This lets you execute a program forward and backwards. After capturing a trace, you can set breakpoints and step through code as normal, but also provides 'backwards' commands (g-, t-, p-) so that you can go back and forth through the execution. It is especially useful to set data breakpoints ( ba command ) and reverse continuing, so you can see when a certain variable was last changed to its current value. Chromium specifics: The type of injection the time travel tracer needs to perform is incompatible with the Chromium sandbox. In order to record a trace, you'll need to run with  --no-sandbox . Chromium cannot run elevated with Administrator privileges, so the "Launch executable (advance)" option won't work, you'll need to attach after the process has already launched via the checkbox in the bottom right. If you need to record startup-like things, you'll have to use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, then attach (and hope the relevant code hasn't executed before that point). JsDbg -- data structure visualization You can install  JsDbg as a plugin for WinDbg or Visual Studio . It interactively lets you look at data structures (such as the DOM tree, Accessibility tree, layout object tree, and others) in a web browser as you debug. See the  JsDbg site  for some screen shots and usage examples. This also works when examining memory dumps (though not minidumps), and also works together with time travel debugging. Visual Studio hints Debug visualizers Chrome's custom debug visualizers should be added to the pdb files and automatically picked up by Visual Studio. The definitions are in  //tools/win/DebugVisualizers  if you need to modify them (the BUILD.gn file there has additional instructions). Don't step into trivial functions The debugger can be configured to automatically not step into functions based on regular expression. Edit  default.natstepfilter  in the following directory: For Visual Studio 2015:  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers  (for all users) or  %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers  (for the current user only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro:  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers  (for all users) or  %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers  (for the current user only) Add regular expressions of functions to not step into. Remember to regex-escape  and  XML-escape them, e.g. &lt; for &lt; and \. for a literal dot. Example: &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; operator new &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; operator delete &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt;!-- Skip everything in std --&gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; std::.* &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; &lt;!-- all methods on WebKit OwnPtr and variants, ... WTF::*Ptr&lt;*&gt;::* --&gt; &lt; Function &gt; &lt; Name &gt; WTF::.*Ptr&lt;.*&gt;::.* &lt;/ Name &gt; &lt; Action &gt; NoStepInto &lt;/ Action &gt; &lt;/ Function &gt; This file is read at start of a debugging session (F5), so you don't need to restart Visual Studio after changing it. More info:  Microsoft email thread V8 and Chromium V8 supports many command-line flags that are useful for debugging. V8 command-line flags can be set via the Chromium command-line flag --js-flags; for instance: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note that some V8 command-line flags exist only in the debug build of V8. For a list of all V8 flags try: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--help" Graphics debugging GPU Acceleration of rendering can be more easily debugged with tools. See: Graphics Debugging in Visual Studio 2013 Graphical debugging with NVIDIA NSight Debugging on another machine Sometimes it's useful to debug installation and execution on a machine other than your primary build box. To run the installer on said other machine, first build the mini_installer target on your main build machine (e.g., autoninja -C out\Debug mini_installer). Next, on the debug machine: Make the build machine's build volume available on the debug machine either by mounting it locally (e.g., Z:\) or by crafting a UNC path to it (e.g., \\builder\src) Open up a command prompt and change to a local disk Run src\tools\win\ copy-installer.bat  in the remote checkout by way of the mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) or UNC path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This will copy the installer, DLLs, and PDBs into your debug machine's C:\out or C:\build (depending on if you're rocking the component=shared_library build or not) Run  C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe  with the flags of your choice to install Chrome. This can take some time, especially on a slow machine. Watch the Task Manager and wait until mini_installer.exe exits before trying to launch Chrome (by way of the shortcut(s) created by the installer) For extra pleasure, add C:\out\Debug to your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable Consider reading the documentation at the top of copy-installer.bat to see how you can run it. It tries to be smart and copy the right things, but you may need to be explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat out Debug"). It is safe to re-run the script to copy only modified files (after a rebuild, for example). You can also use the zip action of the isolate scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) to package all the files for a target into a single zip file, for example: python tools\mb\mb.py zip out/Release base_unittests base_unittests. zip Finding all memory allocations It is possible to use Heap Snapshots to get call stacks on all outstanding allocations that use the OS heap. This works particularly well if heap snapshots are started as soon as the Chrome browser process is created, but before it starts running. Details can be found in  this batch file . However, with  PartitionAlloc Everywhere  most Chromium allocations no longer use the Windows heap so this will only find a subset of allocations, mostly from OS DLLs. Find memory leaks Note: as with Heap Snapshots the utility of UMDH is greatly reduced now because PartitionAlloc Everywhere has mostly replaced the Windows heap. The Windows heap manager has a really useful debug flag, where it can be asked to capture and store a stack trace with every allocation. The tool to scrape these stack traces out of processes is UMDH, which comes with  WinDbg . UMDH is great. It will capture a snapshot of the heap state as many times as you like, and it'll do it fairly quickly. You then run it again against either a single snapshot, or a pair of snapshots, at which time it'll symbolize the stack traces and aggregate usage up to unique stack traces. Turning on the user stack trace database for chrome.exe with gflags.exe makes it run unbearably slowly; however, turning on the user stack trace database on for the browser alone is just fine. While it's possible to turn on the user stack database with the "!gflag" debugging extension, it's too late to do this by the time the initial debugger breakpoint hits. The only reasonable way to do this is to Launch GFlags.exe, Enable the user stack trace database (per image below), Launch Chrome under the debugger. Set a breakpont when chrome.dll loads with "sxe ld chrome.dll". Step up, to allow Chrome.dll to initialize. Disable the stack trace database in GFlags.exe. Continue chrome, optionally detaching the debugger. GFlags.exe settings for user mode stack trace database. If you then ever suffer a browser memory leak, you can snarf a dump of the process with umdh - p :&lt;my browser pid&gt; &gt; chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt which can then typically be "trivially" analyzed to find the culprit. Miscellaneous Note that by default Application Verifier only works with non-official builds of Chromium. To use Application Verifier on official builds you need to add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity to avoid sandbox crashes in renderer processes. See  crbug.com/1004989  for details. See also  this page . Application Verifier  is a free tool from Microsoft (available as part of the Windows SDK) that can be used to flush out programming errors. Starting with M68 Application Verifier can be enabled for chrome.exe without needing to disable the sandbox. After adding chrome.exe to the list of applications to be stressed you need to expand the list of Basics checks and disable the  Leak  checks. You may also need to disable  Handles  and  Locks  checks depending on your graphics driver and specific Chrome version, but the eventual goal is to have Chrome run with  Handles  and  Locks  checks enabled. When bugs are found Chrome will trigger a breakpoint so running all Chrome processes under a debugger is recommended. Chrome will run much more slowly because Application Verifier puts every heap allocation on a separate page. Note that with PartitionAlloc Everywhere most Chromium allocations don't actually go through the Windows heap and are therefore unaffected by Application Verifier. You can check the undocumented 'Cuzz' checkbox in Application Verifier to get the Windows thread scheduler to add some extra randomness in order to help expose race conditions in your code. To put a breakpoint on CreateFile(), add this break point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} specifies the DLL (context operator). _ prefix means extern "C". @28 postfix means _stdcall with the stack pop at the end of the function. i.e. the number of arguments in BYTES. You can use  DebugView  from SysInternals or  sawbuck  to view LOG() messages that normally go to stderr on POSIX.

“#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By ‎English For You منارة العلم‎ | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  #حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By ‎English For You منارة العلم‎ | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy
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“#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By ‎English For You منارة العلم‎ | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy” Subjects and Themes:

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Find #حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By ‎English For You منارة العلم‎ | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy at online marketplaces:


14Israel In Cyprus - Hezbollah’s Attacks On Israel Are Getting Less Coverage Than They Should. Meanwhile, #Hezbollah Has Been Targeting Northern #Israel, And 80,000 Israelis Have Been Unable To Go Home Since October 8th. It's Time For Decisive Action.

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Hezbollah’s attacks on Israel are getting less coverage than they should. Meanwhile, #Hezbollah has been targeting Northern #Israel, and 80,000 Israelis have been unable to go home since October 8th. It's time for decisive action. https://t.co/whZ5KQholG

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15Go! With Microsoft Office 2010 Volume 1 And Technology In Action, 3rd Custom Edition For CISY-102 Computer Literacy, Raritan Valley Community College

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Hezbollah’s attacks on Israel are getting less coverage than they should. Meanwhile, #Hezbollah has been targeting Northern #Israel, and 80,000 Israelis have been unable to go home since October 8th. It's time for decisive action. https://t.co/whZ5KQholG

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16Elizabeth Warren - I’ve Answered Over 530 Audience Questions This Year, And The Hardest To Swallow Was From A Little Boy Named Owen In Michigan. He Asked, “How Will You Keep Kids Safe At School?” No Child Should Have To Go To School Fearing For Their Lives. We Must Take Action On Gun Violence—now.

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I’ve answered over 530 audience questions this year, and the hardest to swallow was from a little boy named Owen in Michigan. He asked, “How will you keep kids safe at school?” No child should have to go to school fearing for their lives. We must take action on gun violence—now. https://t.co/fBEqMPNdb9 Source: https://twitter.com/ewarren/status/1158887025627541507 Uploader: Elizabeth Warren

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17Phantom Arcade 🆖 - Just Tried The Prototype They Had Linked In Their Pinned Tweet, And This Game Kicks Ass. 5 Minute Level With White Knuckle Bullet Dodging And Top Notch Action/cheese. Here's Their Link For Those Who Just Wanna Give It A Go

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Just tried the prototype they had linked in their pinned tweet, and this game kicks ass. 5 minute level with white knuckle bullet dodging and top notch action/cheese. Here's their link for those who just wanna give it a go https://t.co/pGGko7gh2R https://t.co/SCZNolKSQw Source: https://twitter.com/PhantomArcade3K/status/1208603900254851072 Uploader: Phantom Arcade 🆖

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18Examining The Role Of Action Interpretation In Changes In Choice Induced By Go/no-go And Approach/avoidance Responses

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Stage 1 IPA at PCI RR

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19GOTO 2016 • Go Tooling In Action • Francesc Campoy Flores

This presentation was recorded at GOTO Chicago 2016 http://gotochgo.com Francesc Campoy Flores - Senior Developer Advocate for the Google Cloud Platform ABSTRACT Go is a successful programming language. Unlike others, its success can’t be attributed to a very wide range of features. It’s rather the opposite: what makes Go successful is [...] Download slides and read the full abstract here: https://gotocon.com/chicago-2016/presentation/Go%20tooling%20in%20action https://twitter.com/gotochgo https://www.facebook.com/GOTOConference http://gotocon.com

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20Dem Robert Shrum On Military Action In Libya "I Don't Think The President Needs To Go To Congress"

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Airing Date March.18, 2011 Robert Shrum @ 3:06 "I don't think the President needs to go to congress" Boston Globe Snippet: Question #2: . In what circumstances, if any, would the president have constitutional authority to bomb Iran without seeking a use-of-force authorization from Congress? (Specifically, what about the strategic bombing of suspected nuclear sites -- a situation that does not involve stopping an IMMINENT threat?) Obama Answers: The President does not have power under the Constitution to unilaterally authorize a military attack in a situation that does not involve stopping an actual or imminent threat to the nation. As Commander-in-Chief, the President does have a duty to protect and defend the United States. In instances of self-defense, the President would be within his constitutional authority to act before advising Congress or seeking its consent. History has shown us time and again, however, that military action is most successful when it is authorized and supported by the Legislative branch. It is always preferable to have the informed consent of Congress prior to any military action. Article and Boston Globe interview below http://tinyurl.com/globe07obama

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21Joe Biden - Let Us Vow To Make This, At Last, An Era Of Action To Reverse Systemic Racism With Long Overdue And Concrete Changes. This Morning I'm Speaking In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania On Where We Are And Where We Need To Go. Tune In:

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Source: https://www.pscp.tv/JoeBiden/1DXxyeWBWDYxM Uploader: Joe Biden

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22Go In Action - GopherConIndia 2015

Talk on "Go in Action" by William Kennedy Live Blog: https://sourcegraph.com/blog/live/gopherconindia/111541314197 Note: Due to a technical error, the presenter feed for this talk was corrupted at source. Thus we have focused on the slides instead (with the voice overlaid.) Sorry about that.

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23Israel Defense Forces - Watch Our Desert Reconnaissance Battalion In Action As They Go All Out In A Training Exercise

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Watch our Desert Reconnaissance Battalion in action as they go all out in a training exercise https://t.co/rvxNHofNRA Source: https://twitter.com/IDF/status/777869989672091649 Uploader: Israel Defense Forces

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24Mike Bloomberg - “It Shocks Me That So Many People Just Cross Their Fingers And Go, ‘I Hope It Doesn’t Happen In My Community.’” - Nancy Bowman After Surviving The Safeway Shooting In Tucson, AZ We Can No Longer Hope Gun Violence Won’t Happen. It's Happening. And We Need Action.

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“It shocks me that so many people just cross their fingers and go, ‘I hope it doesn’t happen in my community.’” - Nancy Bowman after surviving the Safeway shooting in Tucson, AZ We can no longer hope gun violence won’t happen. It's happening. And we need action. https://t.co/aiGoaqoq7A Source: https://twitter.com/MikeBloomberg/status/1225137818671943680 Uploader: Mike Bloomberg

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25WATCH THEM GO!! Get Ready To Witness History In This Face-off Of The Century! #Goku And #Superman Are Gearing Up For The Ultimate Showdown In Our Next DEATH BATTLE Episode. Brace Yourself For Some Mind-blowing Action And A Clash That Will Leave You On The Edge Of Your Seat. Who’s Your Money On? 🔥 Sound Off In The Comments And Let Us Know Who You're Placing Bets On!! Tune In On December 4. You Won’t Wanna Miss! #DeathBattle #GokuVsSuperman

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WATCH THEM GO!! Get ready to witness history in this face-off of the century! #Goku and #Superman are gearing up for the ultimate showdown in our next DEATH BATTLE episode. Brace yourself for some mind-blowing action and a clash that will leave you on the edge of your seat. Who’s your money on? 🔥 Sound off in the comments and let us know who you're placing bets on!! Tune in on December 4. You won’t wanna miss! #DeathBattle #GokuVsSuperman

“WATCH THEM GO!! Get Ready To Witness History In This Face-off Of The Century! #Goku And #Superman Are Gearing Up For The Ultimate Showdown In Our Next DEATH BATTLE Episode. Brace Yourself For Some Mind-blowing Action And A Clash That Will Leave You On The Edge Of Your Seat. Who’s Your Money On? 🔥 Sound Off In The Comments And Let Us Know Who You're Placing Bets On!! Tune In On December 4. You Won’t Wanna Miss! #DeathBattle #GokuVsSuperman” Metadata:

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“WATCH THEM GO!! Get Ready To Witness History In This Face-off Of The Century! #Goku And #Superman Are Gearing Up For The Ultimate Showdown In Our Next DEATH BATTLE Episode. Brace Yourself For Some Mind-blowing Action And A Clash That Will Leave You On The Edge Of Your Seat. Who’s Your Money On? 🔥 Sound Off In The Comments And Let Us Know Who You're Placing Bets On!! Tune In On December 4. You Won’t Wanna Miss! #DeathBattle #GokuVsSuperman” Subjects and Themes:

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26TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation

By

Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered in Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 a ? Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. v Farewell to the Senate................................ xi Proceedings in the Senate: Tributes by Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since first elected in 1980, Arlen Specter has brought rugged individualism and fierce independence learned from his youth on the Kansas plains to become a leading Senate moderate. His work as Philadelphia's tough district attorney gave him insights to write the Terrorist Prosecution Act, the Armed Career Criminal Act, and coauthor the Second Chance Act. His legal background and experience in constitutional law provided the skills to serve as Judiciary chairman during the confirmation hearings of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. In earlier confirmation hearings he had the courage to cross party lines in opposing Judge Bork and disagreeing with conventional wisdom in supporting Justice Thomas after dissecting the contradictory and highly charged testimony. As a consummate legislator, he has counseled compromise and conciliation in a Congress that has established new records for partisan discord. In foreign affairs, he has advocated dialogue and accommodation as an antidote to belligerency and saber rattling. Arlen Specter's five terms have made him the longest serving U.S. Senator in Pennsylvania's history. A voice of reason, his independence and balance have won endorsements from the AFL-CIO and high marks from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and the Americans for Tax Reform. Time magazine listed him among the Ten Best Senators in 2006. Knowlegis rated him the second most powerful Senator in 2006 behind only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer editorial stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter has more clout than some sovereign nations.'' Senator Specter attributes his zeal for public service to his experience as a child when he saw the government mistreat his father, Harry Specter, who migrated to the United States from Russia in 1911. Private Specter, serving in World War I in the infantry, was seriously wounded in action in France's Argonne Forest. When the government broke its promise to pay World War I veterans a 00 bonus, the veterans marched on Washington. President Hoover called out the Army which fired on and killed veterans on the Mall in one of the blackest days in American history. As a metaphor, Senator Specter says he has been on his way to Washington ever since to get his father's bonus and since he hasn't gotten it yet, he's running for reelection. The incident over his father's bonus has made Arlen Specter a fierce advocate for veterans' benefits and the ''little guy'' in his battles with the Federal Government. From his immigrant parents, Arlen Specter learned work ethics the hard way. His father, Harry Specter, who was a peddler, took 5-year-old Arlen to small Kansas towns selling cantaloupes door to door with a small basket in hand. In his dad's junkyard in Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter cut down oil derricks with an acetylene torch and loaded scrap iron into rail freight cars headed for the smelter. His credentials include votes for the line-item veto and a constitutional amendment for a balanced budget. As a two-term Philadelphia district attorney, he fought for tough sentences for tough criminals and later, in the Senate, wrote groundbreaking legislation providing for life sentences for three-time recidivists on violent crimes. Since 1981, he has played a significant role in Supreme Court nomination hearings, for Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, and Judge Bork. Notwithstanding debilitating chemotherapy treatments in 2005, he stayed on the job as chairman of the Judiciary Committee to preside over historic Supreme Court confirmation hearings. His work on the Judiciary Committee has included writing significant legislation on dealing with constitutional law, civil rights, and privacy. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, he led the fight to increase funding for the National Institutes of Health from 2 billion to 0 billion to expand medical research to find cures for cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other maladies. He has supported expanding health care for seniors and children and has proposed legislation to cover the almost 50 million Americans who do not have health insurance. Because Senator Specter is keenly aware of the importance of understanding the younger generation, he often visits and speaks at universities and high schools. He credits his parents, both immigrants, with emphasizing the importance of education which has enabled his brother, two sisters, and himself to share in the American dream. To empower others with access to education, he led the fight on the Appropriations Subcommittee to increase Federal spending by 138 percent and raise funding for scholarships and student loans. Constituent service and promoting Pennsylvania's economic interests have been the hallmarks of Senator Specter's Senate career. He maintained offices in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and the Lehigh Valley to help residents of those areas who needed assistance to cut Washington's redtape. From his experience as a teenager working on a farm in Kansas, the State where he was born, Senator Specter has understood and worked on the problems of Pennsylvania's farmers from his position on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture. He frequently argues in the International Trade Commission to assist the steel industry from being deluged with unfair foreign imports. His proposed legislation, endorsed by both business and labor, would create a private right of action in Federal courts to stop subsidized or dumped products from being imported into the United States. He has supported the coal industry by promoting legislation for clean coal technology and securing 00 million for a Schuylkill County project to turn sludge into high octane, environmentally safe gasoline. Recognizing the long-term effects of global warming, he has cosponsored the Bingaman-Specter bill to reduce harm from carbon emissions. As chairman of the Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress and a member of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Senator Specter traveled extensively meeting with world leaders including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, and Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, and Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein and Abdullah; and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly agreeing with Moshe Dayan's famous statement that we make peace with our enemies not our friends, he has met with Syria's Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad; the Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; and Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From these meetings and his studies of foreign affairs since his undergraduate days at the University of Pennsylvania, where he majored in political science and international relations, Senator Specter has been a forceful advocate for aggressive diplomacy to solve international conflicts. He wrote, with staffer Chris Bradish, an article for the Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), outlining a blueprint for diplomatic initiatives in the Mideast with emphasis on bilateral negotiations with Iran and Syria. Similarly, he has urged bilateral, as well as multilateral, negotiations with North Korea. Early in his Senate career in 1982, he was among the first to call for a U.S./U.S.S.R. summit in a resolution which passed the Senate 90 to 8. He participated extensively with the Senate observers at the Geneva Arms Reduction talks in the 1980s and led the fight for the broad interpretation of the ABM Treaty. Senator Specter consistently supported appropriations to fight global AIDS and promoted worldwide support for underdeveloped countries including free trade agreements. Arlen Specter was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980 and served five terms. In 2005, Senator Specter became Pennsylvania's longest serving U.S. Senator. He was a senior member of the Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, and Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter was a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee since he came to the Senate. As such, he played an instrumental role in many of the Senate's most important issues, including the confirmations of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. and Justice Samuel Alito to serve as Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter also shepherded through the Judiciary Committee legislation on asbestos litigation reform to absolve what the Supreme Court once called an ''elephantine mass'' clogging our judicial system. Senator Specter has worked in a bipartisan fashion to reauthorize key provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, an important tool in the U.S. war on terror. He has also authored legislation to help consumers better protect the privacy of their personal information in the face of recurrent data security breaches across the country. On the Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter built on his foundation as a lawyer and former district attorney. He was the author of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which has been praised for its long prison terms for repeat offenders, and the Terrorist Prosecution Act, which authorizes criminal actions in U.S. courts for assaulting, maiming, or murdering Americans anywhere in the world. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. This subcommittee oversees Federal funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control, educational programs like Head Start, Pell grants, and GEAR-UP, and worker safety programs. Under his leadership, funding for education has increased by more than 130 percent. Senator Specter was also instrumental in doubling the budget for NIH, which has made major advances in curing Parkinson's, cancer, heart disease, and delaying the onset of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter is a strong proponent of stem cell research for the purposes of discovering knowledge that may lead to cures for these same ailments. Strengthening our Nation's security has been a longstanding priority of Senator Specter's. Thirty days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter drafted the legislation that established the Department of Homeland Security. While serving as chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress, he authored the bill creating the Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, marking the only reform legislation to emerge from the Iran-Contra affair. Senator Specter continues his strong advocacy for veterans, a passion born from the first veteran he ever knew, his father, Harry Specter, who was wounded in World War I. As a former chairman of the Veterans Committee, he pushed for just treatment for veterans and increased benefits. Working closely with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter oversaw the opening of four new veterans outpatient clinics in Fayette, Northampton, Venango, and Warren Counties and passed legislation to create a new veterans cemetery in Southeastern Pennsylvania. A frequent visitor to all of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, Senator Specter places constituent service high on his priorities and has been instrumental on the Appropriations Committee in promoting Pennsylvania's interests in agriculture, high-technology, steel, coal, tourism, mass transit, highways, and military installations. In addition to tackling the major legislative business before the Senate, Senator Specter also engaged in a personal battle with Stage IV-B Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer in 2005 and 2008. In both cases he underwent nearly 5 months of chemotherapy, but still maintained all of his senatorial duties, including chairing hearings, voting, and brokering important legislative initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter received his last chemotherapy treatment and has since received a clean bill of health. Senator Specter was born to immigrant parents in Wichita, KS, and grew up in the small town of Russell, KS. He is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal. He began his career in public service as an assistant Philadelphia district attorney. While serving in that position, he was named assistant counsel on the Warren Commission investigation into President Kennedy's assassination. Two years later, Senator Specter was elected district attorney of Philadelphia at the age of 35. Senator Specter lives in Philadelphia with his wife Joan. They have two sons, Shanin and Steve, and four grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, and Hatti. Farewell to the Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, this is not a farewell address but, rather, a closing argument to a jury of my colleagues and the American people outlining my views on how the Senate and, with it, the Federal Government arrived at its current condition of partisan gridlock, and my suggestions on where we go from here on that pressing problem and the key issues of national and international importance. To make a final floor statement is a challenge. The Washington Post noted the poor attendance at my colleagues' farewell speeches earlier this month. That is really not surprising since there is hardly anyone ever on the Senate floor. The days of lively debate with many Members on the floor are long gone. Abuse of the Senate rules has pretty much stripped Senators of the right to offer amendments. The modern filibuster requires only a threat and no talking. So the Senate's activity for more than a decade has been the virtual continuous drone of a quorum call. But that is not the way it was when Senator Chris Dodd and I were privileged to enter the world's greatest deliberative body 30 years ago. Senators on both sides of the aisle engaged in collegial debate and found ways to find common ground on the Nation's pressing problems. When I attended my first Republican moderates luncheon, I met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, and I found my colleague John Heinz there. That is a far cry from later years when the moderates could fit into a telephone booth. On the other side of the aisle, I found many Democratic Senators willing to move to the center to craft legislation Date(s) Held: 2010-12-21, 2010-11-30, 2010-12-08, 2010-12-10, 2010-12-15, 2010-12-16, 2010-12-19, 2010-12-21, 2010-12-22 111th Congress, 2nd Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-111shrg64816 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.AP 6/2 Related Items:

“TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation
  • Author:
  • Language: English

“TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation” Subjects and Themes:

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Find TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered In Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 A ? Compiled Under The Direction Of The Joint Committee On Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. V Farewell To The Senate................................ Xi Proceedings In The Senate: Tributes By Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., Of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, Of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., Of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, Of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., Of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, Of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, Of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., Of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, Of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., Of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, Of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., Of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, Of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, Of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, Of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, Of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, Of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, Of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., Of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since First Elected In 1980, Arlen Specter Has Brought Rugged Individualism And Fierce Independence Learned From His Youth On The Kansas Plains To Become A Leading Senate Moderate. His Work As Philadelphia's Tough District Attorney Gave Him Insights To Write The Terrorist Prosecution Act, The Armed Career Criminal Act, And Coauthor The Second Chance Act. His Legal Background And Experience In Constitutional Law Provided The Skills To Serve As Judiciary Chairman During The Confirmation Hearings Of Chief Justice Roberts And Justice Alito. In Earlier Confirmation Hearings He Had The Courage To Cross Party Lines In Opposing Judge Bork And Disagreeing With Conventional Wisdom In Supporting Justice Thomas After Dissecting The Contradictory And Highly Charged Testimony. As A Consummate Legislator, He Has Counseled Compromise And Conciliation In A Congress That Has Established New Records For Partisan Discord. In Foreign Affairs, He Has Advocated Dialogue And Accommodation As An Antidote To Belligerency And Saber Rattling. Arlen Specter's Five Terms Have Made Him The Longest Serving U.S. Senator In Pennsylvania's History. A Voice Of Reason, His Independence And Balance Have Won Endorsements From The AFL-CIO And High Marks From The U.S. Chamber Of Commerce, The National Association Of Manufacturers, And The Americans For Tax Reform. Time Magazine Listed Him Among The Ten Best Senators In 2006. Knowlegis Rated Him The Second Most Powerful Senator In 2006 Behind Only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer Editorial Stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter Has More Clout Than Some Sovereign Nations.'' Senator Specter Attributes His Zeal For Public Service To His Experience As A Child When He Saw The Government Mistreat His Father, Harry Specter, Who Migrated To The United States From Russia In 1911. Private Specter, Serving In World War I In The Infantry, Was Seriously Wounded In Action In France's Argonne Forest. When The Government Broke Its Promise To Pay World War I Veterans A 00 Bonus, The Veterans Marched On Washington. President Hoover Called Out The Army Which Fired On And Killed Veterans On The Mall In One Of The Blackest Days In American History. As A Metaphor, Senator Specter Says He Has Been On His Way To Washington Ever Since To Get His Father's Bonus And Since He Hasn't Gotten It Yet, He's Running For Reelection. The Incident Over His Father's Bonus Has Made Arlen Specter A Fierce Advocate For Veterans' Benefits And The ''little Guy'' In His Battles With The Federal Government. From His Immigrant Parents, Arlen Specter Learned Work Ethics The Hard Way. His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was A Peddler, Took 5-year-old Arlen To Small Kansas Towns Selling Cantaloupes Door To Door With A Small Basket In Hand. In His Dad's Junkyard In Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter Cut Down Oil Derricks With An Acetylene Torch And Loaded Scrap Iron Into Rail Freight Cars Headed For The Smelter. His Credentials Include Votes For The Line-item Veto And A Constitutional Amendment For A Balanced Budget. As A Two-term Philadelphia District Attorney, He Fought For Tough Sentences For Tough Criminals And Later, In The Senate, Wrote Groundbreaking Legislation Providing For Life Sentences For Three-time Recidivists On Violent Crimes. Since 1981, He Has Played A Significant Role In Supreme Court Nomination Hearings, For Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, And Judge Bork. Notwithstanding Debilitating Chemotherapy Treatments In 2005, He Stayed On The Job As Chairman Of The Judiciary Committee To Preside Over Historic Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings. His Work On The Judiciary Committee Has Included Writing Significant Legislation On Dealing With Constitutional Law, Civil Rights, And Privacy. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, He Led The Fight To Increase Funding For The National Institutes Of Health From 2 Billion To 0 Billion To Expand Medical Research To Find Cures For Cancer, Heart Disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, And Other Maladies. He Has Supported Expanding Health Care For Seniors And Children And Has Proposed Legislation To Cover The Almost 50 Million Americans Who Do Not Have Health Insurance. Because Senator Specter Is Keenly Aware Of The Importance Of Understanding The Younger Generation, He Often Visits And Speaks At Universities And High Schools. He Credits His Parents, Both Immigrants, With Emphasizing The Importance Of Education Which Has Enabled His Brother, Two Sisters, And Himself To Share In The American Dream. To Empower Others With Access To Education, He Led The Fight On The Appropriations Subcommittee To Increase Federal Spending By 138 Percent And Raise Funding For Scholarships And Student Loans. Constituent Service And Promoting Pennsylvania's Economic Interests Have Been The Hallmarks Of Senator Specter's Senate Career. He Maintained Offices In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, And The Lehigh Valley To Help Residents Of Those Areas Who Needed Assistance To Cut Washington's Redtape. From His Experience As A Teenager Working On A Farm In Kansas, The State Where He Was Born, Senator Specter Has Understood And Worked On The Problems Of Pennsylvania's Farmers From His Position On The Appropriations Subcommittee On Agriculture. He Frequently Argues In The International Trade Commission To Assist The Steel Industry From Being Deluged With Unfair Foreign Imports. His Proposed Legislation, Endorsed By Both Business And Labor, Would Create A Private Right Of Action In Federal Courts To Stop Subsidized Or Dumped Products From Being Imported Into The United States. He Has Supported The Coal Industry By Promoting Legislation For Clean Coal Technology And Securing 00 Million For A Schuylkill County Project To Turn Sludge Into High Octane, Environmentally Safe Gasoline. Recognizing The Long-term Effects Of Global Warming, He Has Cosponsored The Bingaman-Specter Bill To Reduce Harm From Carbon Emissions. As Chairman Of The Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress And A Member Of The Appropriations Subcommittee On Foreign Operations, Senator Specter Traveled Extensively Meeting With World Leaders Including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, And Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, And Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein And Abdullah; And Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly Agreeing With Moshe Dayan's Famous Statement That We Make Peace With Our Enemies Not Our Friends, He Has Met With Syria's Presidents Hafez Al-Assad And Bashar Al-Assad; The Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; And Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From These Meetings And His Studies Of Foreign Affairs Since His Undergraduate Days At The University Of Pennsylvania, Where He Majored In Political Science And International Relations, Senator Specter Has Been A Forceful Advocate For Aggressive Diplomacy To Solve International Conflicts. He Wrote, With Staffer Chris Bradish, An Article For The Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), Outlining A Blueprint For Diplomatic Initiatives In The Mideast With Emphasis On Bilateral Negotiations With Iran And Syria. Similarly, He Has Urged Bilateral, As Well As Multilateral, Negotiations With North Korea. Early In His Senate Career In 1982, He Was Among The First To Call For A U.S./U.S.S.R. Summit In A Resolution Which Passed The Senate 90 To 8. He Participated Extensively With The Senate Observers At The Geneva Arms Reduction Talks In The 1980s And Led The Fight For The Broad Interpretation Of The ABM Treaty. Senator Specter Consistently Supported Appropriations To Fight Global AIDS And Promoted Worldwide Support For Underdeveloped Countries Including Free Trade Agreements. Arlen Specter Was Elected To The U.S. Senate In 1980 And Served Five Terms. In 2005, Senator Specter Became Pennsylvania's Longest Serving U.S. Senator. He Was A Senior Member Of The Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, And Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter Was A Member Of The Senate Judiciary Committee Since He Came To The Senate. As Such, He Played An Instrumental Role In Many Of The Senate's Most Important Issues, Including The Confirmations Of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. And Justice Samuel Alito To Serve As Associate Justice On The U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter Also Shepherded Through The Judiciary Committee Legislation On Asbestos Litigation Reform To Absolve What The Supreme Court Once Called An ''elephantine Mass'' Clogging Our Judicial System. Senator Specter Has Worked In A Bipartisan Fashion To Reauthorize Key Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act, An Important Tool In The U.S. War On Terror. He Has Also Authored Legislation To Help Consumers Better Protect The Privacy Of Their Personal Information In The Face Of Recurrent Data Security Breaches Across The Country. On The Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter Built On His Foundation As A Lawyer And Former District Attorney. He Was The Author Of The Armed Career Criminal Act, Which Has Been Praised For Its Long Prison Terms For Repeat Offenders, And The Terrorist Prosecution Act, Which Authorizes Criminal Actions In U.S. Courts For Assaulting, Maiming, Or Murdering Americans Anywhere In The World. As A Senior Member Of The Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter Was Chairman Of The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee On Labor, Health And Human Services, And Education. This Subcommittee Oversees Federal Funding For The National Institutes Of Health (NIH), The Centers For Disease Control, Educational Programs Like Head Start, Pell Grants, And GEAR-UP, And Worker Safety Programs. Under His Leadership, Funding For Education Has Increased By More Than 130 Percent. Senator Specter Was Also Instrumental In Doubling The Budget For NIH, Which Has Made Major Advances In Curing Parkinson's, Cancer, Heart Disease, And Delaying The Onset Of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter Is A Strong Proponent Of Stem Cell Research For The Purposes Of Discovering Knowledge That May Lead To Cures For These Same Ailments. Strengthening Our Nation's Security Has Been A Longstanding Priority Of Senator Specter's. Thirty Days After The Terrorist Attacks Of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter Drafted The Legislation That Established The Department Of Homeland Security. While Serving As Chairman Of The Senate Intelligence Committee In The 104th Congress, He Authored The Bill Creating The Inspector General Of The Central Intelligence Agency, Marking The Only Reform Legislation To Emerge From The Iran-Contra Affair. Senator Specter Continues His Strong Advocacy For Veterans, A Passion Born From The First Veteran He Ever Knew, His Father, Harry Specter, Who Was Wounded In World War I. As A Former Chairman Of The Veterans Committee, He Pushed For Just Treatment For Veterans And Increased Benefits. Working Closely With The Secretary Of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter Oversaw The Opening Of Four New Veterans Outpatient Clinics In Fayette, Northampton, Venango, And Warren Counties And Passed Legislation To Create A New Veterans Cemetery In Southeastern Pennsylvania. A Frequent Visitor To All Of Pennsylvania's 67 Counties, Senator Specter Places Constituent Service High On His Priorities And Has Been Instrumental On The Appropriations Committee In Promoting Pennsylvania's Interests In Agriculture, High-technology, Steel, Coal, Tourism, Mass Transit, Highways, And Military Installations. In Addition To Tackling The Major Legislative Business Before The Senate, Senator Specter Also Engaged In A Personal Battle With Stage IV-B Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cancer In 2005 And 2008. In Both Cases He Underwent Nearly 5 Months Of Chemotherapy, But Still Maintained All Of His Senatorial Duties, Including Chairing Hearings, Voting, And Brokering Important Legislative Initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter Received His Last Chemotherapy Treatment And Has Since Received A Clean Bill Of Health. Senator Specter Was Born To Immigrant Parents In Wichita, KS, And Grew Up In The Small Town Of Russell, KS. He Is A Phi Beta Kappa Graduate Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Served As An Editor Of The Yale Law Journal. He Began His Career In Public Service As An Assistant Philadelphia District Attorney. While Serving In That Position, He Was Named Assistant Counsel On The Warren Commission Investigation Into President Kennedy's Assassination. Two Years Later, Senator Specter Was Elected District Attorney Of Philadelphia At The Age Of 35. Senator Specter Lives In Philadelphia With His Wife Joan. They Have Two Sons, Shanin And Steve, And Four Grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, And Hatti. Farewell To The Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, This Is Not A Farewell Address But, Rather, A Closing Argument To A Jury Of My Colleagues And The American People Outlining My Views On How The Senate And, With It, The Federal Government Arrived At Its Current Condition Of Partisan Gridlock, And My Suggestions On Where We Go From Here On That Pressing Problem And The Key Issues Of National And International Importance. To Make A Final Floor Statement Is A Challenge. The Washington Post Noted The Poor Attendance At My Colleagues' Farewell Speeches Earlier This Month. That Is Really Not Surprising Since There Is Hardly Anyone Ever On The Senate Floor. The Days Of Lively Debate With Many Members On The Floor Are Long Gone. Abuse Of The Senate Rules Has Pretty Much Stripped Senators Of The Right To Offer Amendments. The Modern Filibuster Requires Only A Threat And No Talking. So The Senate's Activity For More Than A Decade Has Been The Virtual Continuous Drone Of A Quorum Call. But That Is Not The Way It Was When Senator Chris Dodd And I Were Privileged To Enter The World's Greatest Deliberative Body 30 Years Ago. Senators On Both Sides Of The Aisle Engaged In Collegial Debate And Found Ways To Find Common Ground On The Nation's Pressing Problems. When I Attended My First Republican Moderates Luncheon, I Met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, And I Found My Colleague John Heinz There. That Is A Far Cry From Later Years When The Moderates Could Fit Into A Telephone Booth. On The Other Side Of The Aisle, I Found Many Democratic Senators Willing To Move To The Center To Craft Legislation at online marketplaces:


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Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered in Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 a ? Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. v Farewell to the Senate................................ xi Proceedings in the Senate: Tributes by Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since first elected in 1980, Arlen Specter has brought rugged individualism and fierce independence learned from his youth on the Kansas plains to become a leading Senate moderate. His work as Philadelphia's tough district attorney gave him insights to write the Terrorist Prosecution Act, the Armed Career Criminal Act, and coauthor the Second Chance Act. His legal background and experience in constitutional law provided the skills to serve as Judiciary chairman during the confirmation hearings of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. In earlier confirmation hearings he had the courage to cross party lines in opposing Judge Bork and disagreeing with conventional wisdom in supporting Justice Thomas after dissecting the contradictory and highly charged testimony. As a consummate legislator, he has counseled compromise and conciliation in a Congress that has established new records for partisan discord. In foreign affairs, he has advocated dialogue and accommodation as an antidote to belligerency and saber rattling. Arlen Specter's five terms have made him the longest serving U.S. Senator in Pennsylvania's history. A voice of reason, his independence and balance have won endorsements from the AFL-CIO and high marks from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and the Americans for Tax Reform. Time magazine listed him among the Ten Best Senators in 2006. Knowlegis rated him the second most powerful Senator in 2006 behind only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer editorial stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter has more clout than some sovereign nations.'' Senator Specter attributes his zeal for public service to his experience as a child when he saw the government mistreat his father, Harry Specter, who migrated to the United States from Russia in 1911. Private Specter, serving in World War I in the infantry, was seriously wounded in action in France's Argonne Forest. When the government broke its promise to pay World War I veterans a 00 bonus, the veterans marched on Washington. President Hoover called out the Army which fired on and killed veterans on the Mall in one of the blackest days in American history. As a metaphor, Senator Specter says he has been on his way to Washington ever since to get his father's bonus and since he hasn't gotten it yet, he's running for reelection. The incident over his father's bonus has made Arlen Specter a fierce advocate for veterans' benefits and the ''little guy'' in his battles with the Federal Government. From his immigrant parents, Arlen Specter learned work ethics the hard way. His father, Harry Specter, who was a peddler, took 5-year-old Arlen to small Kansas towns selling cantaloupes door to door with a small basket in hand. In his dad's junkyard in Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter cut down oil derricks with an acetylene torch and loaded scrap iron into rail freight cars headed for the smelter. His credentials include votes for the line-item veto and a constitutional amendment for a balanced budget. As a two-term Philadelphia district attorney, he fought for tough sentences for tough criminals and later, in the Senate, wrote groundbreaking legislation providing for life sentences for three-time recidivists on violent crimes. Since 1981, he has played a significant role in Supreme Court nomination hearings, for Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, and Judge Bork. Notwithstanding debilitating chemotherapy treatments in 2005, he stayed on the job as chairman of the Judiciary Committee to preside over historic Supreme Court confirmation hearings. His work on the Judiciary Committee has included writing significant legislation on dealing with constitutional law, civil rights, and privacy. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, he led the fight to increase funding for the National Institutes of Health from 2 billion to 0 billion to expand medical research to find cures for cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other maladies. He has supported expanding health care for seniors and children and has proposed legislation to cover the almost 50 million Americans who do not have health insurance. Because Senator Specter is keenly aware of the importance of understanding the younger generation, he often visits and speaks at universities and high schools. He credits his parents, both immigrants, with emphasizing the importance of education which has enabled his brother, two sisters, and himself to share in the American dream. To empower others with access to education, he led the fight on the Appropriations Subcommittee to increase Federal spending by 138 percent and raise funding for scholarships and student loans. Constituent service and promoting Pennsylvania's economic interests have been the hallmarks of Senator Specter's Senate career. He maintained offices in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and the Lehigh Valley to help residents of those areas who needed assistance to cut Washington's redtape. From his experience as a teenager working on a farm in Kansas, the State where he was born, Senator Specter has understood and worked on the problems of Pennsylvania's farmers from his position on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture. He frequently argues in the International Trade Commission to assist the steel industry from being deluged with unfair foreign imports. His proposed legislation, endorsed by both business and labor, would create a private right of action in Federal courts to stop subsidized or dumped products from being imported into the United States. He has supported the coal industry by promoting legislation for clean coal technology and securing 00 million for a Schuylkill County project to turn sludge into high octane, environmentally safe gasoline. Recognizing the long-term effects of global warming, he has cosponsored the Bingaman-Specter bill to reduce harm from carbon emissions. As chairman of the Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress and a member of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Senator Specter traveled extensively meeting with world leaders including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, and Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, and Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein and Abdullah; and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly agreeing with Moshe Dayan's famous statement that we make peace with our enemies not our friends, he has met with Syria's Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad; the Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; and Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From these meetings and his studies of foreign affairs since his undergraduate days at the University of Pennsylvania, where he majored in political science and international relations, Senator Specter has been a forceful advocate for aggressive diplomacy to solve international conflicts. He wrote, with staffer Chris Bradish, an article for the Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), outlining a blueprint for diplomatic initiatives in the Mideast with emphasis on bilateral negotiations with Iran and Syria. Similarly, he has urged bilateral, as well as multilateral, negotiations with North Korea. Early in his Senate career in 1982, he was among the first to call for a U.S./U.S.S.R. summit in a resolution which passed the Senate 90 to 8. He participated extensively with the Senate observers at the Geneva Arms Reduction talks in the 1980s and led the fight for the broad interpretation of the ABM Treaty. Senator Specter consistently supported appropriations to fight global AIDS and promoted worldwide support for underdeveloped countries including free trade agreements. Arlen Specter was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980 and served five terms. In 2005, Senator Specter became Pennsylvania's longest serving U.S. Senator. He was a senior member of the Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, and Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter was a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee since he came to the Senate. As such, he played an instrumental role in many of the Senate's most important issues, including the confirmations of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. and Justice Samuel Alito to serve as Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter also shepherded through the Judiciary Committee legislation on asbestos litigation reform to absolve what the Supreme Court once called an ''elephantine mass'' clogging our judicial system. Senator Specter has worked in a bipartisan fashion to reauthorize key provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, an important tool in the U.S. war on terror. He has also authored legislation to help consumers better protect the privacy of their personal information in the face of recurrent data security breaches across the country. On the Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter built on his foundation as a lawyer and former district attorney. He was the author of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which has been praised for its long prison terms for repeat offenders, and the Terrorist Prosecution Act, which authorizes criminal actions in U.S. courts for assaulting, maiming, or murdering Americans anywhere in the world. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. This subcommittee oversees Federal funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control, educational programs like Head Start, Pell grants, and GEAR-UP, and worker safety programs. Under his leadership, funding for education has increased by more than 130 percent. Senator Specter was also instrumental in doubling the budget for NIH, which has made major advances in curing Parkinson's, cancer, heart disease, and delaying the onset of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter is a strong proponent of stem cell research for the purposes of discovering knowledge that may lead to cures for these same ailments. Strengthening our Nation's security has been a longstanding priority of Senator Specter's. Thirty days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter drafted the legislation that established the Department of Homeland Security. While serving as chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress, he authored the bill creating the Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, marking the only reform legislation to emerge from the Iran-Contra affair. Senator Specter continues his strong advocacy for veterans, a passion born from the first veteran he ever knew, his father, Harry Specter, who was wounded in World War I. As a former chairman of the Veterans Committee, he pushed for just treatment for veterans and increased benefits. Working closely with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter oversaw the opening of four new veterans outpatient clinics in Fayette, Northampton, Venango, and Warren Counties and passed legislation to create a new veterans cemetery in Southeastern Pennsylvania. A frequent visitor to all of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, Senator Specter places constituent service high on his priorities and has been instrumental on the Appropriations Committee in promoting Pennsylvania's interests in agriculture, high-technology, steel, coal, tourism, mass transit, highways, and military installations. In addition to tackling the major legislative business before the Senate, Senator Specter also engaged in a personal battle with Stage IV-B Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer in 2005 and 2008. In both cases he underwent nearly 5 months of chemotherapy, but still maintained all of his senatorial duties, including chairing hearings, voting, and brokering important legislative initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter received his last chemotherapy treatment and has since received a clean bill of health. Senator Specter was born to immigrant parents in Wichita, KS, and grew up in the small town of Russell, KS. He is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal. He began his career in public service as an assistant Philadelphia district attorney. While serving in that position, he was named assistant counsel on the Warren Commission investigation into President Kennedy's assassination. Two years later, Senator Specter was elected district attorney of Philadelphia at the age of 35. Senator Specter lives in Philadelphia with his wife Joan. They have two sons, Shanin and Steve, and four grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, and Hatti. Farewell to the Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, this is not a farewell address but, rather, a closing argument to a jury of my colleagues and the American people outlining my views on how the Senate and, with it, the Federal Government arrived at its current condition of partisan gridlock, and my suggestions on where we go from here on that pressing problem and the key issues of national and international importance. To make a final floor statement is a challenge. The Washington Post noted the poor attendance at my colleagues' farewell speeches earlier this month. That is really not surprising since there is hardly anyone ever on the Senate floor. The days of lively debate with many Members on the floor are long gone. Abuse of the Senate rules has pretty much stripped Senators of the right to offer amendments. The modern filibuster requires only a threat and no talking. So the Senate's activity for more than a decade has been the virtual continuous drone of a quorum call. But that is not the way it was when Senator Chris Dodd and I were privileged to enter the world's greatest deliberative body 30 years ago. Senators on both sides of the aisle engaged in collegial debate and found ways to find common ground on the Nation's pressing problems. When I attended my first Republican moderates luncheon, I met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, and I found my colleague John Heinz there. That is a far cry from later years when the moderates could fit into a telephone booth. On the other side of the aisle, I found many Democratic Senators willing to move to the center to craft legislation Date(s) Held: 2010-12-21, 2010-11-30, 2010-12-08, 2010-12-10, 2010-12-15, 2010-12-16, 2010-12-19, 2010-12-21, 2010-12-22 111th Congress, 2nd Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-111shrg64816 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.AP 6/2 Related Items:

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Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered in Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 a ? Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. v Farewell to the Senate................................ xi Proceedings in the Senate: Tributes by Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since first elected in 1980, Arlen Specter has brought rugged individualism and fierce independence learned from his youth on the Kansas plains to become a leading Senate moderate. His work as Philadelphia's tough district attorney gave him insights to write the Terrorist Prosecution Act, the Armed Career Criminal Act, and coauthor the Second Chance Act. His legal background and experience in constitutional law provided the skills to serve as Judiciary chairman during the confirmation hearings of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. In earlier confirmation hearings he had the courage to cross party lines in opposing Judge Bork and disagreeing with conventional wisdom in supporting Justice Thomas after dissecting the contradictory and highly charged testimony. As a consummate legislator, he has counseled compromise and conciliation in a Congress that has established new records for partisan discord. In foreign affairs, he has advocated dialogue and accommodation as an antidote to belligerency and saber rattling. Arlen Specter's five terms have made him the longest serving U.S. Senator in Pennsylvania's history. A voice of reason, his independence and balance have won endorsements from the AFL-CIO and high marks from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and the Americans for Tax Reform. Time magazine listed him among the Ten Best Senators in 2006. Knowlegis rated him the second most powerful Senator in 2006 behind only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer editorial stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter has more clout than some sovereign nations.'' Senator Specter attributes his zeal for public service to his experience as a child when he saw the government mistreat his father, Harry Specter, who migrated to the United States from Russia in 1911. Private Specter, serving in World War I in the infantry, was seriously wounded in action in France's Argonne Forest. When the government broke its promise to pay World War I veterans a 00 bonus, the veterans marched on Washington. President Hoover called out the Army which fired on and killed veterans on the Mall in one of the blackest days in American history. As a metaphor, Senator Specter says he has been on his way to Washington ever since to get his father's bonus and since he hasn't gotten it yet, he's running for reelection. The incident over his father's bonus has made Arlen Specter a fierce advocate for veterans' benefits and the ''little guy'' in his battles with the Federal Government. From his immigrant parents, Arlen Specter learned work ethics the hard way. His father, Harry Specter, who was a peddler, took 5-year-old Arlen to small Kansas towns selling cantaloupes door to door with a small basket in hand. In his dad's junkyard in Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter cut down oil derricks with an acetylene torch and loaded scrap iron into rail freight cars headed for the smelter. His credentials include votes for the line-item veto and a constitutional amendment for a balanced budget. As a two-term Philadelphia district attorney, he fought for tough sentences for tough criminals and later, in the Senate, wrote groundbreaking legislation providing for life sentences for three-time recidivists on violent crimes. Since 1981, he has played a significant role in Supreme Court nomination hearings, for Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, and Judge Bork. Notwithstanding debilitating chemotherapy treatments in 2005, he stayed on the job as chairman of the Judiciary Committee to preside over historic Supreme Court confirmation hearings. His work on the Judiciary Committee has included writing significant legislation on dealing with constitutional law, civil rights, and privacy. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, he led the fight to increase funding for the National Institutes of Health from 2 billion to 0 billion to expand medical research to find cures for cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other maladies. He has supported expanding health care for seniors and children and has proposed legislation to cover the almost 50 million Americans who do not have health insurance. Because Senator Specter is keenly aware of the importance of understanding the younger generation, he often visits and speaks at universities and high schools. He credits his parents, both immigrants, with emphasizing the importance of education which has enabled his brother, two sisters, and himself to share in the American dream. To empower others with access to education, he led the fight on the Appropriations Subcommittee to increase Federal spending by 138 percent and raise funding for scholarships and student loans. Constituent service and promoting Pennsylvania's economic interests have been the hallmarks of Senator Specter's Senate career. He maintained offices in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and the Lehigh Valley to help residents of those areas who needed assistance to cut Washington's redtape. From his experience as a teenager working on a farm in Kansas, the State where he was born, Senator Specter has understood and worked on the problems of Pennsylvania's farmers from his position on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture. He frequently argues in the International Trade Commission to assist the steel industry from being deluged with unfair foreign imports. His proposed legislation, endorsed by both business and labor, would create a private right of action in Federal courts to stop subsidized or dumped products from being imported into the United States. He has supported the coal industry by promoting legislation for clean coal technology and securing 00 million for a Schuylkill County project to turn sludge into high octane, environmentally safe gasoline. Recognizing the long-term effects of global warming, he has cosponsored the Bingaman-Specter bill to reduce harm from carbon emissions. As chairman of the Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress and a member of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Senator Specter traveled extensively meeting with world leaders including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, and Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, and Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein and Abdullah; and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly agreeing with Moshe Dayan's famous statement that we make peace with our enemies not our friends, he has met with Syria's Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad; the Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; and Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From these meetings and his studies of foreign affairs since his undergraduate days at the University of Pennsylvania, where he majored in political science and international relations, Senator Specter has been a forceful advocate for aggressive diplomacy to solve international conflicts. He wrote, with staffer Chris Bradish, an article for the Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), outlining a blueprint for diplomatic initiatives in the Mideast with emphasis on bilateral negotiations with Iran and Syria. Similarly, he has urged bilateral, as well as multilateral, negotiations with North Korea. Early in his Senate career in 1982, he was among the first to call for a U.S./U.S.S.R. summit in a resolution which passed the Senate 90 to 8. He participated extensively with the Senate observers at the Geneva Arms Reduction talks in the 1980s and led the fight for the broad interpretation of the ABM Treaty. Senator Specter consistently supported appropriations to fight global AIDS and promoted worldwide support for underdeveloped countries including free trade agreements. Arlen Specter was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980 and served five terms. In 2005, Senator Specter became Pennsylvania's longest serving U.S. Senator. He was a senior member of the Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, and Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter was a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee since he came to the Senate. As such, he played an instrumental role in many of the Senate's most important issues, including the confirmations of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. and Justice Samuel Alito to serve as Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter also shepherded through the Judiciary Committee legislation on asbestos litigation reform to absolve what the Supreme Court once called an ''elephantine mass'' clogging our judicial system. Senator Specter has worked in a bipartisan fashion to reauthorize key provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, an important tool in the U.S. war on terror. He has also authored legislation to help consumers better protect the privacy of their personal information in the face of recurrent data security breaches across the country. On the Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter built on his foundation as a lawyer and former district attorney. He was the author of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which has been praised for its long prison terms for repeat offenders, and the Terrorist Prosecution Act, which authorizes criminal actions in U.S. courts for assaulting, maiming, or murdering Americans anywhere in the world. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. This subcommittee oversees Federal funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control, educational programs like Head Start, Pell grants, and GEAR-UP, and worker safety programs. Under his leadership, funding for education has increased by more than 130 percent. Senator Specter was also instrumental in doubling the budget for NIH, which has made major advances in curing Parkinson's, cancer, heart disease, and delaying the onset of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter is a strong proponent of stem cell research for the purposes of discovering knowledge that may lead to cures for these same ailments. Strengthening our Nation's security has been a longstanding priority of Senator Specter's. Thirty days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter drafted the legislation that established the Department of Homeland Security. While serving as chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress, he authored the bill creating the Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, marking the only reform legislation to emerge from the Iran-Contra affair. Senator Specter continues his strong advocacy for veterans, a passion born from the first veteran he ever knew, his father, Harry Specter, who was wounded in World War I. As a former chairman of the Veterans Committee, he pushed for just treatment for veterans and increased benefits. Working closely with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter oversaw the opening of four new veterans outpatient clinics in Fayette, Northampton, Venango, and Warren Counties and passed legislation to create a new veterans cemetery in Southeastern Pennsylvania. A frequent visitor to all of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, Senator Specter places constituent service high on his priorities and has been instrumental on the Appropriations Committee in promoting Pennsylvania's interests in agriculture, high-technology, steel, coal, tourism, mass transit, highways, and military installations. In addition to tackling the major legislative business before the Senate, Senator Specter also engaged in a personal battle with Stage IV-B Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer in 2005 and 2008. In both cases he underwent nearly 5 months of chemotherapy, but still maintained all of his senatorial duties, including chairing hearings, voting, and brokering important legislative initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter received his last chemotherapy treatment and has since received a clean bill of health. Senator Specter was born to immigrant parents in Wichita, KS, and grew up in the small town of Russell, KS. He is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal. He began his career in public service as an assistant Philadelphia district attorney. While serving in that position, he was named assistant counsel on the Warren Commission investigation into President Kennedy's assassination. Two years later, Senator Specter was elected district attorney of Philadelphia at the age of 35. Senator Specter lives in Philadelphia with his wife Joan. They have two sons, Shanin and Steve, and four grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, and Hatti. Farewell to the Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, this is not a farewell address but, rather, a closing argument to a jury of my colleagues and the American people outlining my views on how the Senate and, with it, the Federal Government arrived at its current condition of partisan gridlock, and my suggestions on where we go from here on that pressing problem and the key issues of national and international importance. To make a final floor statement is a challenge. The Washington Post noted the poor attendance at my colleagues' farewell speeches earlier this month. That is really not surprising since there is hardly anyone ever on the Senate floor. The days of lively debate with many Members on the floor are long gone. Abuse of the Senate rules has pretty much stripped Senators of the right to offer amendments. The modern filibuster requires only a threat and no talking. So the Senate's activity for more than a decade has been the virtual continuous drone of a quorum call. But that is not the way it was when Senator Chris Dodd and I were privileged to enter the world's greatest deliberative body 30 years ago. Senators on both sides of the aisle engaged in collegial debate and found ways to find common ground on the Nation's pressing problems. When I attended my first Republican moderates luncheon, I met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, and I found my colleague John Heinz there. That is a far cry from later years when the moderates could fit into a telephone booth. On the other side of the aisle, I found many Democratic Senators willing to move to the center to craft legislation Date(s) Held: 2010-12-21, 2010-11-30, 2010-12-08, 2010-12-10, 2010-12-15, 2010-12-16, 2010-12-19, 2010-12-21, 2010-12-22 111th Congress, 2nd Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-111shrg64816 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.AP 6/2 Related Items:

“Technology In Action : Go!” Metadata:

  • Title: Technology In Action : Go!
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  • Language: English

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Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations TRIBUTES TO HON. ARLEN SPECTER Arlen Specter U.S. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA TRIBUTES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#15 Arlen Specter ? Tributes Delivered in Congress Arlen Specter United States Senator 1981-2011 a ? Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing CONTENTS Biography............................................. v Farewell to the Senate................................ xi Proceedings in the Senate: Tributes by Senators: Akaka, Daniel K., of Hawaii.................... 12 Alexander, Lamar, of Tennessee................. 3 Bennet, Michael F., of Colorado................ 21 Boxer, Barbara, of California.................. 23 Casey, Robert P., Jr., of Pennsylvania......... 15, 24 Cochran, Thad, of Mississippi.................. 19 Conrad, Kent, of North Dakota.................. 8 Dodd, Christopher J., of Connecticut........... 11 Durbin, Richard, of Illinois................... 11, 17 Enzi, Michael B., of Wyoming................... 9 Harkin, Tom, of Iowa........................... 22 Hatch, Orrin G., of Utah....................... 13 Levin, Carl, of Michigan....................... 5 Murkowski, Lisa, of Alaska..................... 26 Reed, Jack, of Rhode Island.................... 5 Reid, Harry, of Nevada......................... 5, 7 Sessions, Jeff, of Alabama..................... 20 Udall, Mark, of Colorado....................... 22 Warner, Mark R., of Virginia................... 5 BIOGRAPHY Since first elected in 1980, Arlen Specter has brought rugged individualism and fierce independence learned from his youth on the Kansas plains to become a leading Senate moderate. His work as Philadelphia's tough district attorney gave him insights to write the Terrorist Prosecution Act, the Armed Career Criminal Act, and coauthor the Second Chance Act. His legal background and experience in constitutional law provided the skills to serve as Judiciary chairman during the confirmation hearings of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito. In earlier confirmation hearings he had the courage to cross party lines in opposing Judge Bork and disagreeing with conventional wisdom in supporting Justice Thomas after dissecting the contradictory and highly charged testimony. As a consummate legislator, he has counseled compromise and conciliation in a Congress that has established new records for partisan discord. In foreign affairs, he has advocated dialogue and accommodation as an antidote to belligerency and saber rattling. Arlen Specter's five terms have made him the longest serving U.S. Senator in Pennsylvania's history. A voice of reason, his independence and balance have won endorsements from the AFL-CIO and high marks from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and the Americans for Tax Reform. Time magazine listed him among the Ten Best Senators in 2006. Knowlegis rated him the second most powerful Senator in 2006 behind only Majority Leader Bill Frist. A November 11, 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer editorial stated: ''Senator Arlen Specter has more clout than some sovereign nations.'' Senator Specter attributes his zeal for public service to his experience as a child when he saw the government mistreat his father, Harry Specter, who migrated to the United States from Russia in 1911. Private Specter, serving in World War I in the infantry, was seriously wounded in action in France's Argonne Forest. When the government broke its promise to pay World War I veterans a 00 bonus, the veterans marched on Washington. President Hoover called out the Army which fired on and killed veterans on the Mall in one of the blackest days in American history. As a metaphor, Senator Specter says he has been on his way to Washington ever since to get his father's bonus and since he hasn't gotten it yet, he's running for reelection. The incident over his father's bonus has made Arlen Specter a fierce advocate for veterans' benefits and the ''little guy'' in his battles with the Federal Government. From his immigrant parents, Arlen Specter learned work ethics the hard way. His father, Harry Specter, who was a peddler, took 5-year-old Arlen to small Kansas towns selling cantaloupes door to door with a small basket in hand. In his dad's junkyard in Russell, KS, 16-year-old Arlen Specter cut down oil derricks with an acetylene torch and loaded scrap iron into rail freight cars headed for the smelter. His credentials include votes for the line-item veto and a constitutional amendment for a balanced budget. As a two-term Philadelphia district attorney, he fought for tough sentences for tough criminals and later, in the Senate, wrote groundbreaking legislation providing for life sentences for three-time recidivists on violent crimes. Since 1981, he has played a significant role in Supreme Court nomination hearings, for Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsberg, Breyer, and Judge Bork. Notwithstanding debilitating chemotherapy treatments in 2005, he stayed on the job as chairman of the Judiciary Committee to preside over historic Supreme Court confirmation hearings. His work on the Judiciary Committee has included writing significant legislation on dealing with constitutional law, civil rights, and privacy. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, he led the fight to increase funding for the National Institutes of Health from 2 billion to 0 billion to expand medical research to find cures for cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other maladies. He has supported expanding health care for seniors and children and has proposed legislation to cover the almost 50 million Americans who do not have health insurance. Because Senator Specter is keenly aware of the importance of understanding the younger generation, he often visits and speaks at universities and high schools. He credits his parents, both immigrants, with emphasizing the importance of education which has enabled his brother, two sisters, and himself to share in the American dream. To empower others with access to education, he led the fight on the Appropriations Subcommittee to increase Federal spending by 138 percent and raise funding for scholarships and student loans. Constituent service and promoting Pennsylvania's economic interests have been the hallmarks of Senator Specter's Senate career. He maintained offices in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and the Lehigh Valley to help residents of those areas who needed assistance to cut Washington's redtape. From his experience as a teenager working on a farm in Kansas, the State where he was born, Senator Specter has understood and worked on the problems of Pennsylvania's farmers from his position on the Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture. He frequently argues in the International Trade Commission to assist the steel industry from being deluged with unfair foreign imports. His proposed legislation, endorsed by both business and labor, would create a private right of action in Federal courts to stop subsidized or dumped products from being imported into the United States. He has supported the coal industry by promoting legislation for clean coal technology and securing 00 million for a Schuylkill County project to turn sludge into high octane, environmentally safe gasoline. Recognizing the long-term effects of global warming, he has cosponsored the Bingaman-Specter bill to reduce harm from carbon emissions. As chairman of the Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress and a member of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Senator Specter traveled extensively meeting with world leaders including Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; French President Francois Mitterrand; Israel's Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, and Ehud Olmert; China's President Hu Jintao; Indian Prime Minister Singh; Pakistan's Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto, Mohammad Zia, and Pervez Musharraf; Jordan's Kings Hussein and Abdullah; and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Strongly agreeing with Moshe Dayan's famous statement that we make peace with our enemies not our friends, he has met with Syria's Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad; the Palestinian Authority's Chairman Yasser Arafat; Iraq's President Saddam Hussein; Cuba's President Fidel Castro; Libya's Leader Muammar Qadhafi; and Venezuela President Hugo Chavez. From these meetings and his studies of foreign affairs since his undergraduate days at the University of Pennsylvania, where he majored in political science and international relations, Senator Specter has been a forceful advocate for aggressive diplomacy to solve international conflicts. He wrote, with staffer Chris Bradish, an article for the Washington Quarterly (Winter 2006-2007), outlining a blueprint for diplomatic initiatives in the Mideast with emphasis on bilateral negotiations with Iran and Syria. Similarly, he has urged bilateral, as well as multilateral, negotiations with North Korea. Early in his Senate career in 1982, he was among the first to call for a U.S./U.S.S.R. summit in a resolution which passed the Senate 90 to 8. He participated extensively with the Senate observers at the Geneva Arms Reduction talks in the 1980s and led the fight for the broad interpretation of the ABM Treaty. Senator Specter consistently supported appropriations to fight global AIDS and promoted worldwide support for underdeveloped countries including free trade agreements. Arlen Specter was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980 and served five terms. In 2005, Senator Specter became Pennsylvania's longest serving U.S. Senator. He was a senior member of the Senate Judiciary, Appropriations, and Veterans Affairs Committees. Senator Specter was a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee since he came to the Senate. As such, he played an instrumental role in many of the Senate's most important issues, including the confirmations of Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. and Justice Samuel Alito to serve as Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Senator Specter also shepherded through the Judiciary Committee legislation on asbestos litigation reform to absolve what the Supreme Court once called an ''elephantine mass'' clogging our judicial system. Senator Specter has worked in a bipartisan fashion to reauthorize key provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, an important tool in the U.S. war on terror. He has also authored legislation to help consumers better protect the privacy of their personal information in the face of recurrent data security breaches across the country. On the Judiciary Committee, Senator Specter built on his foundation as a lawyer and former district attorney. He was the author of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which has been praised for its long prison terms for repeat offenders, and the Terrorist Prosecution Act, which authorizes criminal actions in U.S. courts for assaulting, maiming, or murdering Americans anywhere in the world. As a senior member of the Appropriations Committee, Senator Specter was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. This subcommittee oversees Federal funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control, educational programs like Head Start, Pell grants, and GEAR-UP, and worker safety programs. Under his leadership, funding for education has increased by more than 130 percent. Senator Specter was also instrumental in doubling the budget for NIH, which has made major advances in curing Parkinson's, cancer, heart disease, and delaying the onset of Alzheimer's. Finally, Senator Specter is a strong proponent of stem cell research for the purposes of discovering knowledge that may lead to cures for these same ailments. Strengthening our Nation's security has been a longstanding priority of Senator Specter's. Thirty days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Senator Specter drafted the legislation that established the Department of Homeland Security. While serving as chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee in the 104th Congress, he authored the bill creating the Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency, marking the only reform legislation to emerge from the Iran-Contra affair. Senator Specter continues his strong advocacy for veterans, a passion born from the first veteran he ever knew, his father, Harry Specter, who was wounded in World War I. As a former chairman of the Veterans Committee, he pushed for just treatment for veterans and increased benefits. Working closely with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Senator Specter oversaw the opening of four new veterans outpatient clinics in Fayette, Northampton, Venango, and Warren Counties and passed legislation to create a new veterans cemetery in Southeastern Pennsylvania. A frequent visitor to all of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, Senator Specter places constituent service high on his priorities and has been instrumental on the Appropriations Committee in promoting Pennsylvania's interests in agriculture, high-technology, steel, coal, tourism, mass transit, highways, and military installations. In addition to tackling the major legislative business before the Senate, Senator Specter also engaged in a personal battle with Stage IV-B Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer in 2005 and 2008. In both cases he underwent nearly 5 months of chemotherapy, but still maintained all of his senatorial duties, including chairing hearings, voting, and brokering important legislative initiatives. In July 2008, Senator Specter received his last chemotherapy treatment and has since received a clean bill of health. Senator Specter was born to immigrant parents in Wichita, KS, and grew up in the small town of Russell, KS. He is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal. He began his career in public service as an assistant Philadelphia district attorney. While serving in that position, he was named assistant counsel on the Warren Commission investigation into President Kennedy's assassination. Two years later, Senator Specter was elected district attorney of Philadelphia at the age of 35. Senator Specter lives in Philadelphia with his wife Joan. They have two sons, Shanin and Steve, and four grandchildren, Silvi, Perri, Lilli, and Hatti. Farewell to the Senate Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, this is not a farewell address but, rather, a closing argument to a jury of my colleagues and the American people outlining my views on how the Senate and, with it, the Federal Government arrived at its current condition of partisan gridlock, and my suggestions on where we go from here on that pressing problem and the key issues of national and international importance. To make a final floor statement is a challenge. The Washington Post noted the poor attendance at my colleagues' farewell speeches earlier this month. That is really not surprising since there is hardly anyone ever on the Senate floor. The days of lively debate with many Members on the floor are long gone. Abuse of the Senate rules has pretty much stripped Senators of the right to offer amendments. The modern filibuster requires only a threat and no talking. So the Senate's activity for more than a decade has been the virtual continuous drone of a quorum call. But that is not the way it was when Senator Chris Dodd and I were privileged to enter the world's greatest deliberative body 30 years ago. Senators on both sides of the aisle engaged in collegial debate and found ways to find common ground on the Nation's pressing problems. When I attended my first Republican moderates luncheon, I met Mark Hatfield, John Chafee, Ted Stevens, Mac Mathias, Bob Stafford, Bob Packwood, Chuck Percy, Bill Cohen, Warren Rudman, Alan Simpson, Jack Danforth, John Warner, Nancy Kassebaum, Slade Gorton, and I found my colleague John Heinz there. That is a far cry from later years when the moderates could fit into a telephone booth. On the other side of the aisle, I found many Democratic Senators willing to move to the center to craft legislation Date(s) Held: 2010-12-21, 2010-11-30, 2010-12-08, 2010-12-10, 2010-12-15, 2010-12-16, 2010-12-19, 2010-12-21, 2010-12-22 111th Congress, 2nd Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-111shrg64816 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.AP 6/2 Related Items:

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30Pete Buttigieg - When This Campaign Started, We Didn’t Know Where It Would Take Us—but We Knew Where We Wanted To Go. In 3 Days, Iowans Have The Chance To Turn The Page To A Future Defined By Belonging, Boldness, And Action. This Is Our Moment.

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When this campaign started, we didn’t know where it would take us—but we knew where we wanted to go. In 3 days, Iowans have the chance to turn the page to a future defined by belonging, boldness, and action. This is our moment. https://t.co/GXYhWCeD7a Source: https://twitter.com/PeteButtigieg/status/1223260830646644737 Uploader: Pete Buttigieg

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1Merry Clappum Junction

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This is a jolly little book about a little boy, a dog, a train and a house. But not an ordinary train, oh no, and not an ordinary house either! And there are songs, too. The Preface is short, dull and only for the grown-ups. (Summary by Ruth Golding)

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2State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1953 - 1963)

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The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, typically delivered annually. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. This album contains recordings of addresses from Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. - Summary by Wikipedia

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