Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

The study analyses the multi protocol label switching publications in Global for a period of fourteen years (1999-2012) based on the Web of science database. The objective of the study was to perform a scientometric analysis of all multi protocol label switching research publications by Global scientists

We report the current status of exploring the dynamical aspect of the excited nucleon states through the comprehensive coupled-channels analysis of meson production reactions at the Excited Baryon Analysis Center of Jefferson Lab.

In a composite system of gravitationally coupled stellar and gaseous discs, we perform linear stability analysis for axisymmetric coplanar perturbations using the two-fluid formalism. The background stellar and gaseous discs are taken to be scale-free with all physical variables varying as powers of cylindrical radius $r$ with compatible exponents. The unstable modes set in as neutral modes or stationary perturbation configurations with angular frequency $\omega=0$.

The Quadrennial Defense Review in 2006 made several decisions which affect US Strategic Command's (USSTRATCOM) mission areas, specifically in the area of conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) capability. There is a need for analysis of issues associated with USSTRATCOM lines of operation in the areas of Strategic Deterrence/Nuclear Operations. Global Strike with respect to the conventional strike capability is explored to include prompt global strike as a follow-on to the joint force enabler to respond to various threats. The Systems Decision Process (SDP) is applied to analyze CPGS alternatives based on a value focused thinking methodology in order to develop a strategy for meeting the challenges of today and to help prioritize the implementation of this strategy.

The world is near the bottom of a global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. Although recent data indicate the large industrialized economies may have reached bottom and are beginning to recover, for the most part, unemployment is still rising. Numerous small banks and households still face huge problems in restoring their balance sheets, and unemployment has combined with sub-prime loans to keep home foreclosures at a high rate. Nearly all industrialized countries and many emerging and developing nations have announced economic stimulus and/or financial sector rescue packages, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5). Several countries have resorted to borrowing from the International Monetary Fund as a last resort. The crisis has exposed fundamental weaknesses in financial systems worldwide, demonstrated how interconnected and interdependent economies are today, and has posed vexing policy dilemmas.

With increasing amounts of data describing 3D geometry at scales small and large, shape analysis is becoming increasingly important in fields ranging from computer graphics to robotics to computational biology. While a great deal of research exists on local shape analysis, less work has been done on global shape analysis. This thesis aims to advance global shape analysis in three directions: symmetry-aware mesh processing, part decomposition of 3D models, and analysis of 3D scenes. First, we propose a pipeline for making mesh processing algorithms symmetry-aware, using large-scale symmetries to aid the processing of 3D meshes. Our pipeline can be used to emphasize the symmetries of a mesh, establish correspondences between symmetric features of a mesh, and decompose a mesh into symmetric parts and asymmetric residuals. We make technical contributions towards two of the main steps in this pipeline: a method for symmetrizing the geometry of an object, and a method for remeshing an object to have a symmetric triangulation. We offer several applications of this pipeline: modeling, beautification, attribute transfer, and simplification of approximately symmetric surfaces. Second, we conduct several investigations into part decomposition of 3D meshes. We propose a hierarchical mesh segmentation method as a basis for consistently segmenting a set of meshes. We show how our method of consistent segmentation can be used for the more specific applications of symmetric segmentation and segmentation transfer. Then, we propose a probabilistic version of mesh segmentation, which we call a partition function,that aims to estimate the likelihood that a given mesh edge is on a segmentation boundary. We describe several methods of computing this structure, and demonstrate its robustness to noise, tessellation, and pose and intra-class shape variation. We demonstrate the utility of the partition function for mesh visualization, segmentation deformation, and registration.

STATISTICS

This report identifies additional areas of the ocean that shallow draft Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) could sail which are beyond the safe operating depth of conventional deep draft warships. Depth limits used in this report are 50 feet (15.24 meters) for the LCS and 100 feet (30.41 meters) for deep draft vessels. Approximately .91% of the world's ocean area lies between the 50-foot and 100-foot depth contours, or 1.27 x 106 square miles (3.29 x 106 sq km). For 13 small areas identified, the percent with this depth range varies from a low of 1.09% for the lonian Sea to a high of 25.75% for the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf and the Yellow Sea have the largest percent increase in accessible area for a shallow draft vessel, 56.01% and 36.65%, respectively.

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern, with increasing prevalence in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, particularly in rural areas, early detection of diabetes remains a challenge due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure, financial constraints, and low awareness levels. This review provides a comparative analysis of global diabetes screening protocols, including those of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), and the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS). It examines the feasibility and challenges of implementing these protocols in rural Nigeria, highlighting infrastructural limitations, affordability issues, and cultural factors. The study further proposes adaptations such as community-based screening models, cost-effective diagnostic approaches, public awareness campaigns, and task-shifting strategies to enhance diabetes detection and management in underserved areas. By contextualizing global screening practices to local realities, this review aims to inform policy and healthcare interventions that improve early diabetes diagnosis and reduce associated complications in rural Nigeria. 

This thesis analyzes whether the frequency and length of military deployments, due to the Global War on Terrorism, had an effect on separation at the end of the initial service obligation for USMA (United States Military Academy) graduates between 1994 and 2001 Two types of cohorts, those who were eligible to make the stay/leave decision before March 2003 and those who were after March 2003, are compared by using difference -in-difference estimation techniques. The General Deployment Model indicated that deployment had an adverse effect on retention. The results indicated that retention was 14.5% points lower for the period after Gulf War II (post-GWOT period). It was also found that as Army officers experience more deployments, their probability of leaving increases as well. An officer who deployed once is 7.3% points more likely to leave while one with two or more deployments is 10.7% points more likely to leave the Army, compared to an officer with no deployment. Models which compare hostile and non-hostile deployments indicate that both types of deployment affect negatively the decision to leave. However, non-hostile deployments had greater effects on the decision to leave than hostile deployments. In the post-GWOT period the effects of non-hostile deployments were even greater compared to officers in pre-GWOT period. Specifically, an officer with more than 15 months experience in a non-hostile area is 23 percentage points more likely to leave relative to his peer in the pre-GWOT period.

The development of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), its relationship to the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) project, and Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center's role in GODAE are discussed in this thesis. The drifting buoys used for data collection are described and the data available is outlined. This thesis analyses GODAE data available from the North Atlantic Ocean, collected in near-real-time from September 1, 2000 through March 8, 2001, in order to evaluate the relative success of the experiment to date and to identify the scope of possibilities for utilizing this data both at present, and once GODAE and ARGO are fully operational. The GODAE project endeavors to be a single database, serving as a collection point for worldwide oceanographic data to be utilized in ocean climate prediction. GODAE does not offer a mechanism for visualization of the data available. This thesis analyzes the data presently available through graphic representation. Visualization products include: float trajectories, temperature (T) and salinity (S) profiles, T-S diagrams, mixed layer depths and observed temperature compared to temperature climatology.

Proliferation of theater ballistic missile technologies to potential U.S. adversaries necessitates that the U.S. employ a defensive system to counter this threat. The system that is being developed is called the Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS) System of Systems. The SBIRS Low component of the SBIRS System of Systems will track strategic and theater ballistic missiles from launch to reentry and relay necessary cueing data to missile interceptors before the missiles reach friendly forces or countries whose safety is a vital interest to the U.S. SBIRS Low has a number of critical system requirements that for any given satellite are mutually exclusive for the length of time needed to complete the specified tasking. This limitation implies a system capacity on the total number of ballistic objects the SBIRS Low system can track at any given time. Applying exploratory model analysis, the SBIRS Low model uses the Monte Carlo method to explore large regions of the model space to identify key factors in the system and to provide insight into different tasking schemes for individual satellites. The exploratory model analysis, which consisted of 13,760,000 missiles being tracked in the analysis of the CSS-2 and M-9 missiles, yielded the following significant results: (a) defining the best satellite is nontrivial, (b) the SBIRS Low system was unable to initiate a booster track for an unacceptably large percentage of M-9 missiles launched near the equator, (c) if the system anticipates a long delay in revisiting a track, a stereo view should be scheduled immediately prior to the start of the delay, (d) mono viewing alone does not provide the required track accuracy, (e) track accuracy is a function of missile classification, and (f) the instantaneous track accuracy versus sensor revisit rate does not fit an well-known probability distribution.

Estimates of the uncertainties attached to full-scale predictions of submarine resistance and propulsion based on standard submarine tow-tank model tests are obtained by means of a global uncertainty analysis. The analysis takes into account all the component uncertainties, including the uncertainties associated with the prediction procedure and the measurements performed both at model scale and at full scale, which influence the overall uncertainty of full-scale predictions.

In order to improve the operational assessments process of Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) in U.S. Southern Command, this thesis provides a system of systems analysis of the GPOI program. Using systems of systems engineering concepts described by the U.S. Department of Defense and following a systems of systems engineering and integration process model, an operational architecture of GPOI as a system of systems is developed from an analysis of stakeholders, an exploration of the operational concept, an examination of capabilities, a creation of event and interaction models, and an evaluation of governance. The architecture is used to identify friction points and recommend improvements in both process and organization of GPOI. This thesis serves as a foundation for providing appropriate metrics for an effective operational assessment of the GPOI program to a decision maker.

In order to improve the operational assessments process of Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) in U.S. Southern Command, this thesis provides a system of systems analysis of the GPOI program. Using systems of systems engineering concepts described by the U.S. Department of Defense and following a systems of systems engineering and integration process model, an operational architecture of GPOI as a system of systems is developed from an analysis of stakeholders, an exploration of the operational concept, an examination of capabilities, a creation of event and interaction models, and an evaluation of governance. The architecture is used to identify friction points and recommend improvements in both process and organization of GPOI. This thesis serves as a foundation for providing appropriate metrics for an effective operational assessment of the GPOI program to a decision maker.

In order to improve the operational assessments process of Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) in U.S. Southern Command, this thesis provides a system of systems analysis of the GPOI program. Using systems of systems engineering concepts described by the U.S. Department of Defense and following a systems of systems engineering and integration process model, an operational architecture of GPOI as a system of systems is developed from an analysis of stakeholders, an exploration of the operational concept, an examination of capabilities, a creation of event and interaction models, and an evaluation of governance. The architecture is used to identify friction points and recommend improvements in both process and organization of GPOI. This thesis serves as a foundation for providing appropriate metrics for an effective operational assessment of the GPOI program to a decision maker.

Global citizenship education presents a number of challenges for educators, including the wide variety of texts available to be studied. I explore "Laudato Si'," Pope Francis' 2015 statement on global warming and human development. "Laudato Si'" includes contents that are broad, connective, and significant/relevant, making it a strong candidate for inclusion in global citizenship education. I examine the text via two theoretical inquiries--hermeneutics and spectacle--to recommend instructional practices appropriate to this text and many similar ones. The pedagogical recommendations focus on supporting teachers engaged in global citizenship education.

Global analysis is a useful supplement to local forensic analysis of the details of files in a drive image. This paper reports on experiments with global methods to find time patterns associated with disks and files. The Real Disk Corpus of over 1000 drive images from eight countries was used as a corpus. The data was clustered into 63 subsets based on file and directory type, and times were analyzed statistically for each subset. Fourteen important subsets of the files were identified based on their times, including default times (zero, low-default, high-default, and on the hour), bursts of activity (one-time, periodic in the week, and periodic in the day), and those having particular equalities or inequalities between any two of creation, modification, and access times. Using overall statistics for each drive, fourteen kinds of drive usage were recognized such as a business operating primarily in the evening. Additional work examined the connection between file times and registry times, and proposed adapting these methods to sampled rather than complete data is discussed.

This project offers a model useful for estimating the social cost of U.S. Reserve Forces and National Guard employment alternatives in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). We consider two specific alternatives in this report: (1) the operational force (status quo) and (2) increasing Active Duty Force end strength and keeping Reserve Forces as a 'strategic' reserve. We assume both alternatives are equal in effectiveness. Each alternative provides certain benefits and costs to American society. We also accept a budgetary cost estimate of $533 billion from the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) Assistant Director for Budget Analysis. We then focus on the social costs of these alternatives. We conclude that the social cost of Alternative 1 exceeded Alternative 2 by nearly $50 billion from 2001 to 2006.

This research developed a defendable and traceable Global Persistent Attack (GPA) and Battlespace Awareness (BA) concepts of operation. The detailed architecture illustrates the commonality of capabilities and associated activities along with their critical relationships within Global Persistent Attach (GPA). In order to accomplish risk identification and anaysis, a Process Sequence Model (PSM) was developed to display the logical sequencing necessary for conducting GPA operations. Each activity and decision point was given a nodal probability of success and evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the overall mission probability of success. Sensitivity analysis was also accomplished to identify the capabilities most critical to the success of GPA operations. The identification of critical capabilities is essential to the proper development of the fiscally constrained force structure with respect to minimizing risk. Systems Engineering (SE) methodology and tools provide a structured, traceable process for identifying the critical relationships required to sustain the GPA concept. This insight will provide Air Combat Command (ACC) an improved decision making process to ensure the objectives of the national defense strategy can be attained while minimizing risk associated with the fiscally constrained force structure.

Potomac Systems Engineering, Inc. (PSE), is providing Independent Verification and Validation (IV and V) support to the Special Assistant for Model Validation, U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA), during the design and development of the Global Deployment Analysis System (GDAS). The primary objective of this effort is to help ensure that development of the GDAS results in a model that will perform as intended. This report summarizes the IV and V support provided by PSE during the system implementation phase (Phase II). Development of the GDAS is a 24-month project, to be executed in three phases by Stanley Associates, Inc., of Alexandria, Virginia. Phase I was a 9-month design phase during which the model developer detailed a specific approach to the GDAS design and prepared a prototype model containing specific features planned for implementation in the final GDAS model. GDAS development is approaching completion of Phase II (implementation) and will end with Phase Ill (integration, testing, and acceptance). The IV and V support provided by PSE during Phase I and Phase II contributed to the quality of the GDAS design, documentation, and GDAS software produced to date. A sound IV and V program can ensure that the quality of the model software is established early in the development phase and that this level of quality is maintained and increased as the software is tested, transitioned to the users, and entered into the operations and support phase of the life cycle. It can also promote an efficient design, quality code development, complete functionality, realistic data requirements, run-time efficiencies, and effective human factors engineering.

Significant changes will be occurring in the next ten years regarding air navigation and aircraft surveillance. The Global Positioning System, a worldwide satellite-based radionavigation system which provides positioning, navigation, and time information, has emerged as a reliable and incredibly precise means of air navigation which has seen widespread acceptance around the world. With GPS, aircraft can determine their position much more accurately than is possible with ground radar surveillance systems. The current Air Traffic Control system, however, is established in its use of radar surveillance and navigation routes are defined by ground navaids which limit efficiency. The full benefits of GPS navigation cannot be realized without the Automatic Dependent Surveillance system concept. This is a new approach to Air Traffic Control in which every aircraft periodically broadcasts its GPS derived position so that ground controllers and other aircraft in the vicinity can receive and use this information. ADS has the potential to completely replace rotating surveillance radars with fixed omnidirectional antennas for receiving aircraft broadcasts. The key to successfully implementing ADS depends on having a dependable digital data communications link. It is crucial to have an effective mechanism for transmitting aircraft position to air traffic controllers which utilizes equipment that is inexpensive, and yet is effective enough to serve the capacity needs of the system and reliable enough to not compromise safety. Finding the optimal solution to this problem is the biggest issue relating to air traffic control in the near term. (KAR) P. 4-5

This paper examines the Semtner/Chervin global ocean model in the tropical Indian Ocean. The primitive equation, eddy-resolving model covers a domain from 75 deg S to 65 deg N at a horizontal resolution of 1/2 deg, with 20 vertical levels. In a new phase of an ongoing simulation, the wind stress has been changed from annual mean wind forcing to seasonal forcing, using the Hellerman/Rosenstein (1983) wind stress. The model is shown to reproduce the seasonal features of the Indian Ocean circulation. The model simulates the seasonally-reversing Somali Current, and includes seasonal undercurrents and a two-gyre system during the southwest monsoon. Westward flow occurs beneath the Southwest Monsoon Current during June and July. The major equatorial currents of the two monsoon regimes are well-represented, including semiannual Wyrtki jets and the Equatorial Undercurrent. Seasonal features of the marginally-resolved Leeuwin Current are present in the model. Monthly mass transports have been calculated for the major equatorial currents, as well as the Pacific-Indonesian throughflow, and are consistent with observations. The structure of deep equatorial jets in the model is highly baroclinic; an upward tilt in the jets from west to east accounts for simultaneous westward and upward phase propagation of the zonal velocity. The Haney (1971) method of prescribing surface heat flux is analyzed by comparing the model surface heat flux and monthly temperature fields with existing climatologies and is shown to exhibit an inherent interannual variability, despite interannual invariance of the wind stress. The small amount of interannual variability is superimposed on a strong seasonal cycle.

A coupled general ocean circulation, biogeochemical, and radiative model was constructed to evaluate and understand the nature of seasonal variability of chlorophyll and nutrients in the global oceans. The model is driven by climatological meteorological conditions, cloud cover, and sea surface temperature. Biogeochemical processes in the model are determined from the influences of circulation and turbulence dynamics, irradiance availability, and the interactions among three functional phytoplankton groups (diatoms, chorophytes, and picoplankton) and three nutrient groups (nitrate, ammonium, and silicate). Phytoplankton groups are initialized as homogeneous fields horizontally and vertically, and allowed to distribute themselves according to the prevailing conditions. Basin-scale model chlorophyll results are in very good agreement with CZCS pigments in virtually every global region. Seasonal variability observed in the CZCS is also well represented in the model. Synoptic scale (100-1000 km) comparisons of imagery are also in good conformance, although occasional departures are apparent. Agreement of nitrate distributions with in situ data is even better, including seasonal dynamics, except for the equatorial Atlantic. The good agreement of the model with satellite and in situ data sources indicates that the model dynamics realistically simulate phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics on synoptic scales. This is especially true given that initial conditions are homogenous chlorophyll fields. The success of the model in producing a reasonable representation of chlorophyll and nutrient distributions and seasonal variability in the global oceans is attributed to the application of a generalized, processes-driven approach as opposed to regional parameterization, and the existence of multiple phytoplankton groups with different physiological and physical properties. These factors enable the model to simultaneously represent the great diversity of physical, biological, chemical, and radiative environments encountered in the global oceans.

Partial contents: Data storage, Data transfer and routing, Computation and software, Terminal interface, Consoles/Data input and display, Personnel, Management, Facilities, and Costing.

Prostate cancer and breast cancer are the most prevalent cancers in men and women, respectively, and pancreatic cancer, while more rare than prostate and breast cancer, is an extremely lethal cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. With the recent advances in next generation sequencing technology, there is an opportunity to identify genomic aberrations that will provide knowledge about the biology driving these cancers and serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for these diseases. We performed genome-wide measurements of mRNA, microRNA, and DNA methylation from tumor and patient-matched non-tumor tissues. We have identified DNA methylation and gene expression signatures associated tumor formation, disease recurrence, and treatment sensitivity. These candidate biomarkers may be useful in predicting clinical outcomes for patients, and may suggest pathways that can be targeted with novel treatment regimens.

The Validation Network (VN) prototype for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission compares data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite Precipitation Radar (PR) to similar measurements from U.S. and international operational weather radars. This prototype is a major component of the GPM Ground Validation System (GVS). The VN provides a means for the precipitation measurement community to identify and resolve significant discrepancies between the ground radar (GR) observations and similar satellite observations. The VN prototype is based on research results and computer code described by Anagnostou et al. (2001), Bolen and Chandrasekar (2000), and Liao et al. (2001), and has previously been described by Morris, et al. (2007). Morris and Schwaller (2009) describe the PR-GR volume-matching algorithm used to create the VN match-up data set used for the comparisons. This paper describes software tools that have been developed for visualization and statistical analysis of the original and volume matched PR and GR data.

The first global wind fields from SEASAT-A scatterometer (SASS) data were produced. Fifteen days of record are available on tape, with unique wind directions indicated for each observation. The methodology of the production of this data set is described, as well as the testing of its validity. A number of displays of the data, on large and small scales, analyzed and gridded, are provided.

This report Mainly covers the following product types The segment applications including Segment regions including (the separated region report can also be offered) http://www.qyresearchreports.com/report/global-healthcare-cloud-computing-market-professional-survey-report-2016.htm   USA China Europe South America Japan Africa The players list (Partly, Players you are interested in can also be added) Amazon VMware Microsoft Salesforce Google Rackspace IBM

2010 Nobuaki ENDO http://lib.lhu.edu.vn/ViewFile/258

Economic educators recognize the importance of a global perspective, at least in part because the international sector has become more important over the past few decades. The application of economic principles calls into question some assumptions that appear to be common among members of the global education movement. That these assumptions might be erroneous raises questions about the instructional strategies and materials used in some social studies classes. Explored in this paper are three assumptions that are often made by global educators and that are erroneous. First, consideration is given to the apparent emphasis on what is referred to as the "zero-sum" assumption. Second, the implicit assumption of the weakness of incentives is examined. Finally, the paper challenges the assumptions leading to the persistent use of trend lines as a device for forecasting the future. (BZ)

This study represents the final version of a completed meta-analysis.

This thesis analyzes the feasibility, functionality, efficacy and usability of IEEE 802.x wireless mesh networks in multiple DoD contexts. Through multiple field and lab experiments and hardware investigations, an assessment is performed on the realistic implementation issues of wireless mesh networks and their possible applications. A detailed examination is conducted of the variable elements, operational constraints, and possible decision points for developing a usable, robust, self-organizing, wireless mesh network that can be leveraged for maximum usability and shared situational awareness in network-centric operations. The research investigates the suitability of currently available COTS hardware and software wireless mesh networking components for geographically distributed networks. Additionally, a product-line software architecture and a common data interchange XML vocabulary are proposed as the enabling technology elements to carry application layer mesh forward for integration of collaborative sensor-decision maker adaptive networks within the Global Information Grid. The thesis includes the design and implementation of the first Naval Postgraduate School testbed for tactical level mesh networking with unmanned vehicles, unattended sensors, and warrior networking nodes. This thesis also lays the groundwork for further research into lower OSI-layer routing protocols for DoD mesh networks, development of mesh-aware applications, as well as a GIG-wide mesh network architecture.

A 50 min time series of one-dimensional slit-spectrograms, taken in quiet sun at disk center, observed at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del Teide), was used to study the global and spatial variations of different line parameters. In order to determine the vertical structure of the photosphere two lines with well separated formation heights have been considered. The data have been filtered of p-modes to isolate the pure convective phenomenon. From our studies of global correlation coefficients and coherence and phase shift analyzes between the several line parameters, the following results can be reported. The convective velocity pattern preserves structures larger than 1.0" up to the highest layers of the photosphere (~ 435 km). However, at these layers, in the intensity pattern only structures larger than 2.0" are still connected with those at the continuum level although showing inverted brightness contrast. This confirms an inversion of temperature that we have found at a height of ~140 km. A possible evidence of gravity waves superimposed to the convective motions is derived from the phase shift analysis. We interpret the behavior of the full width at half maximum and the equivalent width as a function of the distance to the granular borders, as a consequence of enhanced turbulence and/or strong velocity gradients in the intergranular lanes.

We analyze the conditions on the Taylor coefficients of an analytic function to admit global analytic continuation, complementing a recent paper of Breuer and Simon on general conditions for natural boundaries to form. A new summation method is introduced to convert a relatively wide family of infinite sums and local expansions into integrals. The integral representations yield global information such as analytic continuability, position of singularities, asymptotics for large values of the variable and asymptotic location of zeros.

A compact frequency reconfigurable antenna is designed and analyzed in this paper to operate with global positioning system (GPS) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The designed antenna is printed on flame resistant 4 (FR4) epoxy substrate with relative permittivity is 4.3, loss tangent of 0.03 and overall substrate with ground (GND) plane dimensions of (54.6x54.6x1.6) mm3 and patch dimensions of (45x45) mm2 . The antenna is designed and optimized using computer simulation technology (CST) package through series of parametric studies in order to cover the GPS, WiMAX bands with resonant frequency of 1.229 GHz, 1.575 GHz, and 3.34 GHz. Two triangular slots at the patch sides and single elliptical slot at the middle are etched for the best antenna performance. The designed antenna performs frequency re-configurability by using PIN diode switch at the inset feed to change the operating frequencies from double band operation at (1.575 and 3.34) GHz to single band at 1.229 GHz under S11 ≤-10 dB. The proposed antenna produces accepted simulation results with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), maximum radiation efficiency and gain of less than 2.76% and 7.035 dBi respectively.

A new method for extracting neutron densities from intermediate energy elastic proton-nucleus scattering observables uses a global Dirac phenomenological (DP) approach based on the Relativistic Impulse Approximation (RIA). Data sets for Ca40, Ca48 and Pb208 in the energy range from 500 MeV to 1040 MeV are considered. The global fits are successful in reproducing the data and in predicting data sets not included in the analysis. Using this global approach, energy independent neutron densities are obtained. The vector point proton density distribution is determined from the empirical charge density after unfolding the proton form factor. The other densities are parametrized. This work provides energy independent values for the RMS neutron radius, R_n and the neutron skin thickness, S_n, in contrast to the energy dependent values obtained by previous studies. In addition, the results presented in paper show that the expected rms neutron radius and skin thickness for Ca40 is accurately reproduced. The values of R_n and S_n obtained from the global fits that we consider to be the most reliable are given as follows: for Ca40 R_n is 3.314 > R_n > 3.310 fm and S_n is -0.063 > S_n > -0.067 fm; for Ca48 R_n is 3.459 > R_n > 3.413 fm and S_n is 0.102 > S_n > 0.056 fm; and for Pb208 R_n is 5.550 > R_n > 5.522 and S_n is 0.111 > S_n > 0.083 fm. These values are in reasonable agreement with nonrelativistic Skyrme Hartree-Fock models and with relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov models with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings. The results from the global fits for Ca48 and Pb208 are generally not in agreement with the usual relativistic mean-field models.

The Global Command and Control System (GCCS) is currently operational in the Secure Systems Technology Laboratory located in Root Hall at the Naval Postgraduate School. All subsystems of GCCS are operational with the exception of the Automated Message Handling System (AMHS). The SSTL's efforts to obtain an operational GCCS AMHS depends on the future availability of the Automated Defense Information Network (AUTODIN), and the emerging technology of the Defense Message System (DMS). This thesis examines and compares GCCS AMHS and DMS and the implementation requirements for each. This thesis draws the conclusion that DMS is the dominant system over GCCS AMHS and continues to examine the acquisition strategies and costs required to implement the DMS in the SSTL

We perform a global analysis of the latest solar neutrino data including the SNO result on the CC-event rate. This result further favors the LMA solution of the solar neutrino problem. The best fit values of parameters we find are: \Delta m^2 = (4.8 - 5.0)10^{-5} eV^2, tan^2 \theta = 0.35 - 0.38, f_B = 1.08 - 1.12, and f_{hep} = 1 - 4. With respect to this best fit the LOW solution is accepted at 90% C.L.. The Vacuum oscillation solution with \Delta m^2 = 1.4 10^{-10} eV^2, gives good fit of the data provided that the boron neutrino flux is substantially smaller than the SSM flux (f_B \sim 0.5). The SMA solution is accepted only at 3\sigma level. We find that vacuum oscillations to sterile neutrino, VAC(sterile), with f_B \sim 0.5 also give rather good global fit of the data. All other sterile solutions are strongly disfavored. We check the quality of the fit by constructing the pull-off diagrams of observables. Predictions for the day-night asymmetry, spectrum distortion and NC/CC ratio at SNO are calculated. In the best fit points of the global solutions we find: A_{DN}^{CC} \approx (7 - 8)% for LMA, \sim 3% for LOW, and (2 - 3)% for SMA. It will be difficult to see the distortion of the spectrum expected for LMA as well as LOW solutions. However, future SNO spectral data can significantly affect the VAC and SMA solutions. We also calculate expectations for the BOREXINO rate.

We review the status of the neutrino oscillation physics (as of June 2003), with a particular emphasis on the present knowledge of the neutrino mass-mixing parameters in a three generation approach. We consider first the nu_mu-->nu_tau flavor transitions of atmospheric neutrinos. It is found that standard oscillations provide the best description of the SK+K2K data, and that the associated mass-mixing parameters are determined at 1 sigma (and dof=1) as: Delta m^2=(2.6 +-0.4) x 10^-3 eV^2 and sin^2(2theta)=1.00+0.00-0.05. Such indications, presently dominated by SK, could be strengthened by further K2K data. Then we analyze the energy spectrum of reactor neutrino events recently observed at KamLAND and combine them with solar and terrestrial neutrino data. We find that the solution to the solar neutrino problem at large mixing angle (LMA) is basically split into two sub-regions, that we denote as LMA-I and LMA-II. The LMA-I solution, characterized by lower values of the squared neutrino mass gap, is favored by the global data fit. Finally, we briefly illustrate how prospective data from the SNO and KamLAND can increase our confidence in the occurrence of standard matter effects in the Sun, which are starting to emerge from current data.

Many of the synergistic impacts resulting from future changes in emissions as well as changes in ambient temperature, moisture, and UV flux have not been quantified. A three-dimensional regional-scale photo-chemical model (STEM-2) is used in this study to evaluate these perturbations to trace gas cycles over the eastern half of the United States of America. The model was successfully used to simulate a regional-scale ozone episode (base case - June 1984) and four perturbations scenarios - viz., perturbed emissions, temperature, water vapor column, and incoming UV flux cases, and a future scenario (for the year 2034). The impact of these perturbation scenarios on the distribution of ozone and other major pollutants such as SO2 and sulfates were analyzed in detail. The spatial distribution and the concentration of ozone at the surface increased by about 5-15 percent for most cases except for the perturbed water vapor case. The regional scale surface ozone concentration distribution for the year 2034 (future scenario) showed an increase of non-attainment areas. The rural areas of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Georgia showed the largest change in the surface ozone field for the futuristic scenario when compared to the base case.

For qualitative modeling and analysis, a general qualitative abstraction of power transmission variables (flow and effort) for elements of flow paths includes information on resistance, net flow, permissible directions of flow, and qualitative potential is discussed. Each type of component model has flow-related variables and an associated internal flow map, connected into an overall flow network of the system. For storage devices, the implicit power transfer to the environment is represented by "virtual" circuits that include an environmental junction. A heterogeneous aggregation method simplifies the path structure. A method determines global flow-path changes during dynamic simulation and analysis, and identifies corresponding local flow state changes that are effects of global configuration changes. Flow-path determination is triggered by any change in a flow-related device variable in a simulation or analysis. Components (path elements) that may be affected are identified, and flow-related attributes favoring flow in the two possible directions are collected for each of them. Next, flow-related attributes are determined for each affected path element, based on possibly conflicting indications of flow direction. Spurious qualitative ambiguities are minimized by using relative magnitudes and permissible directions of flow, and by favoring flow sources over effort sources when comparing flow tendencies. The results are output to local flow states of affected components.

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC) is home of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data archive. The global merged IR product also known as the NCEP/CPC 4-km Global (60 degrees N - 60 degrees S) IR Dataset, is one of TRMM ancillary datasets. They are globally merged (60 degrees N - 60 degrees S) pixel-resolution (4 km) IR brightness temperature data (equivalent blackbody temperatures), merged from all available geostationary satellites (GOES-8/10, METEOSAT-7/5 and GMS). The availability of data from METEOSAT-5, which is located at 63E at the present time, yields a unique opportunity for total global (60 degrees N- 60 degrees S) coverage. The GES DISC has collected over 8 years of the data beginning from February of 2000. This high temporal resolution dataset can not only provide additional background information to TRMM and other satellite missions, but also allow observing a wide range of meteorological phenomena from space, such as, mesoscale convection systems, tropical cyclones, hurricanes, etc. The dataset can also be used to verify model simulations. Despite that the data can be downloaded via ftp, however, its large volume poses a challenge for many users. A single file occupies about 70 MB disk space and there is a total of approximately 73,000 files (approximately 4.5 TB) for the past 8 years. In order to facilitate data access, we have developed a web prototype to allow users to conduct online visualization and analysis of this dataset. With a web browser and few mouse clicks, users can have a full access to over 8 year and over 4.5 TB data and generate black and white IR imagery and animation without downloading any software and data. In short, you can make your own images! Basic functions include selection of area of interest, single imagery or animation, a time skip capability for different temporal resolution and image size. Users can save an animation as a file (animated gif) and import it in other presentation software, such as, Microsoft PowerPoint. The prototype will be integrated into GIOVANNI and existing GIOVANNI capabilities, such as, data download, Google Earth KMZ, etc will be available. Users will also be able to access other data products in the GIOVANNI family.

The NASA Langley Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) team provides tools for retrieving cloud information from operational and research meteorological imager data. LEO and GEO satellite imagers are used for fusing hourly mosaics which create the Global Cloud Composite (GCC). The GCC provides global cloud products with a low latency which can help satisfy the growing needs of the research, modeling and business communities. The Esri ArcGIS system is used to transform the GCC data into Analysis Ready Data (ARD) which can be utilized for a variety of visualization and analysis activities in support of weather diagnoses/forecasting, Earth Sciences remote sensing applications, and disaster management. Additionally, the data is enabled as ArcGIS Image Services and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Mapping/Coverage Services to be consumed via API within a web mapping application. We will present a preview of the new interactive SatCORPS GCC web mapping application and its capabilities in allowing users to access and use GIS data within it.

In multiprocessor systems, various problems are treated with Lamport's logical clock and the resultant logical time orders between operations. However, one often needs to face the high complexities caused by the lack of logical time order information in practice. In this paper, we utilize the \emph{global clock} to infuse the so-called \emph{pending period} to each operation in a multiprocessor system, where the pending period is a time interval that contains the performed time of the operation. Further, we define the \emph{physical time order} for any two operations with disjoint pending periods. The physical time order is obeyed by any real execution in multiprocessor systems due to that it is part of the truly happened operation orders restricted by global clock, and it is then proven to be independent and consistent with traditional logical time orders. The above novel yet fundamental concepts enables new effective approaches for analyzing multiprocessor systems, which are named \emph{pending period analysis} as a whole. As a consequence of pending period analysis, many important problems of multiprocessor systems can be tackled effectively. As a significant application example, complete memory consistency verification, which was known as an NP-hard problem, can be solved with the complexity of $O(n^2)$ (where $n$ is the number of operations). Moreover, the two event ordering problems, which were proven to be Co-NP-Hard and NP-hard respectively, can both be solved with the time complexity of O(n) if restricted by pending period information.

We explore dynamics of cosmological models with a nonminimally coupled scalar field evolving on a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background. We consider cosmological models including the Hilbert-Einstein curvature term and the $N$ degree monomial of the scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity. The potential of the scalar field is the $n$ degree monomial or polynomial. We describe several qualitatively different types of dynamics depending on values of power indices $N$ and $n$. We identify that three main possible pictures correspond to $n2N$ cases. Some special features connected with the important cases of $N=n$ (including the quadratic potential with quadratic coupling) and $n=2N$ (which shares its asymptotics with the potential of the Higgs-driven inflation) are described separately. A global qualitative analysis allows us to cover the most interesting cases of small $N$ and $n$ by a limiting number of phase-space diagrams. The influence of the cosmological constant to the global features of dynamics is also studied.

The goal of this paper is to solve the global sensitivity analysis for a particular control problem. More precisely, the boundary control problem of an open-water channel is considered, where the boundary conditions are defined by the position of a down stream overflow gate and an upper stream underflow gate. The dynamics of the water depth and of the water velocity are described by the Shallow Water equations, taking into account the bottom and friction slopes. Since some physical parameters are unknown, a stabilizing boundary control is first computed for their nominal values, and then a sensitivity anal-ysis is performed to measure the impact of the uncertainty in the parameters on a given to-be-controlled output. The unknown physical parameters are de-scribed by some probability distribution functions. Numerical simulations are performed to measure the first-order and total sensitivity indices.

An all-volunteer organization called the Opensource Opencourseware Prototype System (OOPS), headquartered in Taiwan, was initially designed to translate open source materials from MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) site into Chinese. Given the recent plethora of open educational resources (OER), such as the OCW, the growing use of such resources by the world community, and the emergence of online global education communities to localize resources such as the OOPS, a key goal of this research was to understand how the OOPS members negotiate meanings and form a collective identity in this cross-continent online community. To help with our explorations and analyses within the OOPS translation community, several core principles from Etienne Wenger's concept of Communities of Practice (COP) guided our analyses, including mutual engagement, joint enterprise, shared repertoire, reification, and overall identity of the community. In this paper, we detail how each of these key components was uniquely manifested within the OOPS. Three issues appeared central to the emergence, success, and challenges of the community such as OOPS: 1) strong, stable, and fairly democratic leadership; 2) participation incentives; and 3) online storytelling or opportunities to share one's translation successes, struggles, and advice within an asynchronous discussion forum. While an extremely high level of enthusiasm among the OOPS members underpinned the success of the OOPS, discussion continues on issues related to quality control, purpose and scope, and forms of legitimate participation. This study, therefore, provides an initial window into the emergence and functioning of an online global education COP in the OER movement. Future research directions related to online global educational communities are discussed. (Contains 5 figures.)

In this theoretical and numerical paper, we derive the adjoint equations for a thermo-acoustic system consisting of an infinite-rate chemistry diffusion flame coupled with duct acoustics. We then calculate the thermo-acoustic system's linear global modes (i.e. the frequency/growth rate of oscillations, together with their mode shapes), and the global modes' receptivity to species injection, sensitivity to base-state perturbations, and structural sensitivity to advective-velocity perturbations. We then compare these with the Rayleigh index. The receptivity analysis shows the regions of the flame where open-loop injection of fuel or oxidizer will have most influence on the thermo-acoustic oscillation. We find that the flame is most receptive at its tip. The base-state sensitivity analysis shows the influence of each parameter on the frequency/growth rate. We find that perturbations to the stoichiometric mixture fraction, the fuel slot width, and the heat-release parameter have most influence, while perturbations to the P\'eclet number have least influence. These sensitivities oscillate: e.g. positive perturbations to the fuel slot width either stabilizes or destabilizes the system, depending on the operating point. This analysis reveals that, as expected from a simple model, the phase delay between velocity and heat-release fluctuations is the key parameter in determining the sensitivities. It also reveals that this thermo-acoustic system is exceedingly sensitive to changes in the base state. The structural-sensitivity analysis shows the influence of perturbations to the advective flame velocity. The regions of highest sensitivity are around the stoichiometric line close to the inlet, showing where velocity models need to be most accurate.

In this theoretical and numerical paper, we derive the adjoint equations for a thermo-acoustic system consisting of an infinite-rate chemistry diffusion flame coupled with duct acoustics. We then calculate the thermo-acoustic system's linear global modes (i.e. the frequency/growth rate of oscillations, together with their mode shapes), and the global modes' receptivity to species injection, sensitivity to base-state perturbations, and structural sensitivity to advective-velocity perturbations. We then compare these with the Rayleigh index. The receptivity analysis shows the regions of the flame where open-loop injection of fuel or oxidizer will have most influence on the thermo-acoustic oscillation. We find that the flame is most receptive at its tip. The base-state sensitivity analysis shows the influence of each parameter on the frequency/growth rate. We find that perturbations to the stoichiometric mixture fraction, the fuel slot width, and the heat-release parameter have most influence, while perturbations to the P\'eclet number have least influence. These sensitivities oscillate: e.g. positive perturbations to the fuel slot width either stabilizes or destabilizes the system, depending on the operating point. This analysis reveals that, as expected from a simple model, the phase delay between velocity and heat-release fluctuations is the key parameter in determining the sensitivities. It also reveals that this thermo-acoustic system is exceedingly sensitive to changes in the base state. The structural-sensitivity analysis shows the influence of perturbations to the advective flame velocity. The regions of highest sensitivity are around the stoichiometric line close to the inlet, showing where velocity models need to be most accurate.