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A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands 作者： LIU Zhaogang 1,2 CHEN Zhi 1,2,3 YU Guirui 1,2,3 ZHANG Tianyou 4 YANG Meng 1,2 作者单位： 1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; 4. College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 通讯作者： CHEN Zhi Email:[email protected] 提交时间： 2021-12-03 摘要: Drylands refer to regions with an aridity index lower than 0.65, and billions of people depend on services provided by the critically important ecosystems in these areas. How ecosystem carbon exchange in global drylands (CED) occurs and how climate change affects CED are critical to the global carbon cycle. Here, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric study on the fields of annual publications, marked journals, marked institutions, marked countries, popular keywords, and their temporal evolution to understand the temporal trends of CED research over the past 30 a (1991–2020). We found that the annual scientific publications on CED research increased significantly at an average growth rate of 7.93%. Agricultural Water Management ranked first among all journals and had the most citations. The ten most productive institutions were centered on drylands in America, China, and Australia that had the largest number and most citations of publications on CED research. "Climate change" and climate-related (such as "drought", "precipitation", "temperature", and "rainfall") research were found to be the most popular study areas. Keywords were classified into five clusters, indicating the five main research focuses on CED studies: hydrological cycle, effects of climate change, carbon and water balance, productivity, and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorous coupling cycles. The temporal evolution of keywords further showed that the areas of focus on CED studies were transformed from classical pedology and agricultural research to applied ecology and then to global change ecological research over the past 30 a. In future CED studies, basic themes (such as "water", "yield", and "salinity") and motor themes (such as "climate change", "sustainability", and "remote sensing") will be the focus of research on CED. In particular, multiple integrated methods to understand climate change and ecosystem sustainability are potential new research trends and hotspots. bibliometric analysis drylands carbon exchange climate change arid areas water resources sustainability 期刊： Journal of Arid Land 分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202112.00018 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 ) DOI:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202112.00018.V1 推荐引用方式： LIU Zhaogang,CHEN Zhi,YU Guirui,ZHANG Tianyou,YANG Meng.(2021).A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands.Journal of Arid Land.doi:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 版本历史 [V1] 2021-12-03 21:13:23 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 下载全文

A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands 作者： LIU Zhaogang 1,2 CHEN Zhi 1,2,3 YU Guirui 1,2,3 ZHANG Tianyou 4 YANG Meng 1,2 作者单位： 1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; 4. College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 通讯作者： CHEN Zhi Email:[email protected] 提交时间： 2021-12-03 摘要: Drylands refer to regions with an aridity index lower than 0.65, and billions of people depend on services provided by the critically important ecosystems in these areas. How ecosystem carbon exchange in global drylands (CED) occurs and how climate change affects CED are critical to the global carbon cycle. Here, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric study on the fields of annual publications, marked journals, marked institutions, marked countries, popular keywords, and their temporal evolution to understand the temporal trends of CED research over the past 30 a (1991–2020). We found that the annual scientific publications on CED research increased significantly at an average growth rate of 7.93%. Agricultural Water Management ranked first among all journals and had the most citations. The ten most productive institutions were centered on drylands in America, China, and Australia that had the largest number and most citations of publications on CED research. "Climate change" and climate-related (such as "drought", "precipitation", "temperature", and "rainfall") research were found to be the most popular study areas. Keywords were classified into five clusters, indicating the five main research focuses on CED studies: hydrological cycle, effects of climate change, carbon and water balance, productivity, and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorous coupling cycles. The temporal evolution of keywords further showed that the areas of focus on CED studies were transformed from classical pedology and agricultural research to applied ecology and then to global change ecological research over the past 30 a. In future CED studies, basic themes (such as "water", "yield", and "salinity") and motor themes (such as "climate change", "sustainability", and "remote sensing") will be the focus of research on CED. In particular, multiple integrated methods to understand climate change and ecosystem sustainability are potential new research trends and hotspots. bibliometric analysis drylands carbon exchange climate change arid areas water resources sustainability 期刊： Journal of Arid Land 分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202112.00018 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 ) DOI:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202112.00018.V1 推荐引用方式： LIU Zhaogang,CHEN Zhi,YU Guirui,ZHANG Tianyou,YANG Meng.(2021).A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands.Journal of Arid Land.doi:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 版本历史 [V1] 2021-12-03 21:13:23 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 下载全文

A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands 作者： LIU Zhaogang 1,2 CHEN Zhi 1,2,3 YU Guirui 1,2,3 ZHANG Tianyou 4 YANG Meng 1,2 作者单位： 1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; 4. College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 通讯作者： CHEN Zhi Email:[email protected] 提交时间： 2021-12-03 摘要: Drylands refer to regions with an aridity index lower than 0.65, and billions of people depend on services provided by the critically important ecosystems in these areas. How ecosystem carbon exchange in global drylands (CED) occurs and how climate change affects CED are critical to the global carbon cycle. Here, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric study on the fields of annual publications, marked journals, marked institutions, marked countries, popular keywords, and their temporal evolution to understand the temporal trends of CED research over the past 30 a (1991–2020). We found that the annual scientific publications on CED research increased significantly at an average growth rate of 7.93%. Agricultural Water Management ranked first among all journals and had the most citations. The ten most productive institutions were centered on drylands in America, China, and Australia that had the largest number and most citations of publications on CED research. "Climate change" and climate-related (such as "drought", "precipitation", "temperature", and "rainfall") research were found to be the most popular study areas. Keywords were classified into five clusters, indicating the five main research focuses on CED studies: hydrological cycle, effects of climate change, carbon and water balance, productivity, and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorous coupling cycles. The temporal evolution of keywords further showed that the areas of focus on CED studies were transformed from classical pedology and agricultural research to applied ecology and then to global change ecological research over the past 30 a. In future CED studies, basic themes (such as "water", "yield", and "salinity") and motor themes (such as "climate change", "sustainability", and "remote sensing") will be the focus of research on CED. In particular, multiple integrated methods to understand climate change and ecosystem sustainability are potential new research trends and hotspots. bibliometric analysis drylands carbon exchange climate change arid areas water resources sustainability 期刊： Journal of Arid Land 分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 引用： ChinaXiv:202112.00018 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 ) DOI:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202112.00018.V1 推荐引用方式： LIU Zhaogang,CHEN Zhi,YU Guirui,ZHANG Tianyou,YANG Meng.(2021).A bibliometric analysis of carbon exchange in global drylands.Journal of Arid Land.doi:10.1007/s40333-021-0112-3 版本历史 [V1] 2021-12-03 21:13:23 ChinaXiv:202112.00018V1 下载全文

The twelve weather and climate models participating in the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) show both a wide variation in the strength of land-atmosphere coupling and some intriguing commonalities. In this paper, we address the causes of variations in coupling strength - both the geographic variations within a given model and the model-to-model differences. The ability of soil moisture to affect precipitation is examined in two stages, namely, the ability of the soil moisture to affect evaporation, and the ability of evaporation to affect precipitation. Most of the differences between the models and within a given model are found to be associated with the first stage - an evaporation rate that varies strongly and consistently with soil moisture tends to lead to a higher coupling strength. The first stage differences reflect identifiable differences in model parameterization and model climate. Intermodel differences in the evaporation-precipitation connection, however, also play a key role.

The twelve weather and climate models participating in the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) show both a wide variation in the strength of land-atmosphere coupling and some intriguing commonalities. In this paper, we address the causes of variations in coupling strength - both the geographic variations within a given model and the model-to-model differences. The ability of soil moisture to affect precipitation is examined in two stages, namely, the ability of the soil moisture to affect evaporation, and the ability of evaporation to affect precipitation. Most of the differences between the models and within a given model are found to be associated with the first stage - an evaporation rate that varies strongly and consistently with soil moisture tends to lead to a higher coupling strength. The first stage differences reflect identifiable differences in model parameterization and model climate. Intermodel differences in the evaporation-precipitation connection, however, also play a key role.

The equations of horizontal motion of the neutral atmosphere between 120 and 500 km are integrated with the inclusion of all the nonlinear terms of the convective derivative and the viscous forces due to vertical and horizontal velocity gradients. Empirical models of the distribution of neutral and charged particles are assumed to be known. The model of velocities developed is a steady state model. In part 1 the mathematical method used in the integration of the Navier-Stokes equations is described and the various forces are analysed.

A method for performing a global/local stress analysis is described and its capabilities are demonstrated. The method employs spline interpolation functions which satisfy the linear plate bending equation to determine displacements and rotations from a global model which are used as boundary conditions for the local model. Then, the local model is analyzed independent of the global model of the structure. This approach can be used to determine local, detailed stress states for specific structural regions using independent, refined local models which exploit information from less-refined global models. The method presented is not restricted to having a priori knowledge of the location of the regions requiring local detailed stress analysis. This approach also reduces the computational effort necessary to obtain the detailed stress state. Criteria for applying the method are developed. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using a classical stress concentration problem and a graphite-epoxy blade-stiffened panel with a discontinuous stiffener.

We consider a continuum of phase oscillators on the circle interacting through an impulsive instantaneous coupling. In contrast with previous studies on related pulse-coupled models, the stability results obtained in the continuum limit are global. For the nonlinear transport equation governing the evolution of the oscillators, we propose (under technical assumptions) a global Lyapunov function which is induced by a total variation distance between quantile densities. The monotone time evolution of the Lyapunov function completely characterizes the dichotomic behavior of the oscillators: either the oscillators converge in finite time to a synchronous state or they asymptotically converge to an asynchronous state uniformly spread on the circle. The results of the present paper apply to popular phase oscillators models (e.g. the well-known leaky integrate-and-fire model) and draw a strong parallel between the analysis of finite and infinite populations. In addition, they provide a novel approach for the (global) analysis of pulse-coupled oscillators.

The continuous wavelet transform may be enhanced by deconvolution with the wavelet response function. After correcting for the cone-of-influence, the power spectral density of the solar magnetic record as given by the derectified yearly sunspot number is calculated, revealing a spectrum of odd harmonics of the fundamental Hale cycle, and the integrated instant power is compared to a reconstruction of global temperature in a normalized scatter plot displaying a positive correlation after the turn of the twentieth century. Comparison of the spectrum with that obtained from the Central England Temperature record suggests that some features are shared while others are not, and the scatter plot again indicates a possible correlation.

We discuss the implementation of the FONLL general-mass scheme for heavy quarks in deep-inelastic scattering in the FastKernel framework, used in the NNPDF series of global PDF analysis. We present the general features of FONLL and benchmark the accuracy of its implementation in FastKernel comparing with the Les Houches heavy quark benchmark tables. We then show preliminary results of the NNPDF2.1 analysis, in which heavy quark mass effects are included following the FONLL-A GM scheme.

We discuss the implementation of the FONLL general-mass scheme for heavy quarks in deep-inelastic scattering in the FastKernel framework, used in the NNPDF series of global PDF analysis. We present the general features of FONLL and benchmark the accuracy of its implementation in FastKernel comparing with the Les Houches heavy quark benchmark tables. We then show preliminary results of the NNPDF2.1 analysis, in which heavy quark mass effects are included following the FONLL-A GM scheme.

Despite the success of modern nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in describing nuclear hard-process data, they still suffer from large uncertainties. One of the poorly constrained features is the possible asymmetry in nuclear modifications of valence $u$ and $d$ quarks. We study the possibility of using pion-nucleus Drell-Yan dilepton data as a new constraint in the global analysis of nPDFs. We find that the nuclear cross-section ratios from the NA3, NA10 and E615 experiments can be used without imposing significant new theoretical uncertainties and, in particular, that these datasets may have some constraining power on the $u$/$d$ -asymmetry in nuclei.

Despite the success of modern nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in describing nuclear hard-process data, they still suffer from large uncertainties. One of the poorly constrained features is the possible asymmetry in nuclear modifications of valence $u$ and $d$ quarks. We study the possibility of using pion-nucleus Drell-Yan dilepton data as a new constraint in the global analysis of nPDFs. We find that the nuclear cross-section ratios from the NA3, NA10 and E615 experiments can be used without imposing significant new theoretical uncertainties and, in particular, that these datasets may have some constraining power on the $u$/$d$ -asymmetry in nuclei.

This article is from BMC Biology , volume 10 . Abstract Background: In the mid 20th century, Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky championed the significance of circular overlaps or ring species as the perfect demonstration of speciation, yet in the over 50 years since, only a handful of such taxa are known. We developed a topographic model to evaluate whether the geographic barriers that favor processes leading to ring species are common or rare, and to predict where other candidate ring barriers might be found. Results: Of the 952,147 geographic barriers identified on the planet, only about 1% are topographically similar to barriers associated with known ring taxa, with most of the likely candidates occurring in under-studied parts of the world (for example, marine environments, tropical latitudes). Predicted barriers separate into two distinct categories: (i) single cohesive barriers ( < 50,000 km2), associated with taxa that differentiate at smaller spatial scales (salamander: Ensatina eschscholtzii; tree: Acacia karroo); and (ii) composite barriers - formed by groups of barriers (each 184,000 to 1.7 million km2) in close geographic proximity (totaling 1.9 to 2.3 million km2) - associated with taxa that differentiate at larger spatial scales (birds: Phylloscopus trochiloides and Larus (sp. argentatus and fuscus)). When evaluated globally, we find a large number of cohesive barriers that are topographically similar to those associated with known ring taxa. Yet, compared to cohesive barriers, an order of magnitude fewer composite barriers are similar to those that favor ring divergence in species with higher dispersal. Conclusions: While these findings confirm that the topographic conditions that favor evolutionary processes leading to ring speciation are, in fact, rare, they also suggest that many understudied natural systems could provide valuable demonstrations of continuous divergence towards the formation of new species. Distinct advantages of the model are that it (i) requires no a priori information on the relative importance of features that define barriers, (ii) can be replicated using any kind of continuously distributed environmental variable, and (iii) generates spatially explicit hypotheses of geographic species formation. The methods developed here - combined with study of the geographical ecology and genetics of taxa in their environments - should enable recognition of ring species phenomena throughout the world.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Lysine acetylation is a reversible, dynamic protein modification regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Recent advances in high-throughput proteomics have greatly contributed to the success of global analysis of lysine acetylation. A large number of proteins of diverse biological functions have been shown to be acetylated in several reports in human cells, E.coli, and dicot plants. However, the extent of lysine acetylation in non-histone proteins remains largely unknown in monocots, particularly in the cereal crops. Here we report the mass spectrometric examination of lysine acetylation in rice (Oryza sativa). We identified 60 lysine acetylated sites on 44 proteins of diverse biological functions. Immunoblot studies further validated the presence of a large number of acetylated non-histone proteins. Examination of the amino acid composition revealed substantial amino acid bias around the acetylation sites and the amino acid preference is conserved among different organisms. Gene ontology analysis demonstrates that lysine acetylation occurs in diverse cytoplasmic, chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins in addition to the histone modifications. Our results suggest that lysine acetylation might constitute a regulatory mechanism for many proteins, including both histones and non-histone proteins of diverse biological functions.

We discuss the complexity of GPD phenomenology, comment on the technological needs for a global analysis, and report on model and neural network fits to the photon electroproduction off unpolarized proton. We also point out that Radyushkin's double distribution ansatz is a `holographic' GPD model.

We consider within-host virus models with more than one strain and allow mutation between the strains. If there is no mutation, a Lyapunov function establishes global stability of the steady state corresponding to the fittest strain. For small perturbations this steady state persists, perhaps with small concentrations of some or all other strains, depending on the connectivity of the graph describing all possible mutations. Moreover, using a perturbation result due to Smith and Waltman, we show that this steady state also preserves global stability.

In an N-level quantum mechanical system, the problem of unitary feedback stabilization of mixed density operators to periodic orbits admits a natural Lyapunov-based time-varying feedback design. A global description of the domain of attraction of the closed-loop system can be provided based on a ``root-space''-like structure of the space of density operators. This convex set foliates as a complex flag manifold where each leaf is identified with the coadjoint orbit of the eigenvalues of the density operator. The converging conditions are time-independent but depend from the topology of the flag manifold: it is shown that the closed loop must have a number of equilibria at least equal to the Euler characteristic of the manifold, thus imposing obstructions of topological nature to global stabilizability.

The Goal of the GAIM is: To advance the study of the coupled dynamics of the Earth system using as tools both data and models; to develop a strategy for the rapid development, evaluation, and application of comprehensive prognostic models of the Global Biogeochemical Subsystem which could eventually be linked with models of the Physical-Climate Subsystem; to propose, promote, and facilitate experiments with existing models or by linking subcomponent models, especially those associated with IGBP Core Projects and with WCRP efforts. Such experiments would be focused upon resolving interface issues and questions associated with developing an understanding of the prognostic behavior of key processes; to clarify key scientific issues facing the development of Global Biogeochemical Models and the coupling of these models to General Circulation Models; to assist the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) process by conducting timely studies that focus upon elucidating important unresolved scientific issues associated with the changing biogeochemical cycles of the planet and upon the role of the biosphere in the physical-climate subsystem, particularly its role in the global hydrological cycle; and to advise the SC-IGBP on progress in developing comprehensive Global Biogeochemical Models and to maintain scientific liaison with the WCRP Steering Group on Global Climate Modelling.

Photosynthesis and light use efficiency (LUE) are major factors in the evolution of the continental carbon cycle due to their contribution to gross primary production (GPP). However, while the drivers of photosynthesis and LUE on a plant or canopy scale can often be identified, significant uncertainties exist when modeling these on a global scale. This is due to sparse observations in regions such as the tropics and the lack of a direct global observation dataset. Although others have attempted to address this issue using correlations (Beer, 2010) or calculating GPP from vegetation indices (Running, 2004), in this study we take a new approach. We combine the statistical method of Granger frequency causality and partial Granger frequency causality with remote sensing data products (including sun-induced fluorescence used as a proxy for GPP) to determine the main environmental drivers of GPP across the globe.

We perform a global three generation analysis of the current solar and atmospheric evidence in favor of neutrino oscillations. We also include the negative results coming from CHOOZ to constrain the nu_e mixing. We study the zones of mass-mixing oscillations parameters compatible with all the data. It is shown that almost pure nu_mu nu_tau oscillations are required to explain the atmospheric neutrino anomaly and almost pure nu_1 nu_2 oscillations to account for the solar neutrino deficit.

This paper considers one of the most commonly used equivalent circuit models (ECMs) for lithium-ion batteries and investigates the sensitivity of the model output to changes of model parameters using the Morris method. Experiments are carried out on a lithium-ion cell with nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) electrode and parameters of the model are identified in the state of charge (SOC) range [100%,10%]. Although all the model parameters do vary with SOC, global sensitivity analysis reveals that the uncertainties of some of the parameters generate very little uncertainty in the voltage output, implying that those parameters can be taken as constants without compromising the accuracy of the model. This is further confirmed by experimental validation.

This article is from Microbial Cell Factories , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Efficient production of SA in Escherichia coli has been achieved by modifying key genes of the central carbon metabolism and SA pathway, resulting in overproducing strains grown in batch- or fed-batch-fermentor cultures using a complex broth including glucose and YE. In this study, we performed a GTA to identify those genes significantly upregulated in an engineered E. coli strain, PB12.SA22, in mid EXP (5 h), early STA (STA1, 9 h), and late STA (STA2, 44 h) phases, grown in complex fermentation broth in batch-fermentor cultures. Results: Growth of E. coli PB12.SA22 in complex fermentation broth for SA production resulted in an EXP growth during the first 9 h of cultivation depending of supernatant available aromatic amino acids provided by YE because, when tryptophan was totally consumed, cells entered into a second, low-growth phase (even in the presence of glucose) until 26 h of cultivation. At this point, glucose was completely consumed but SA production continued until the end of the fermentation (50 h) achieving the highest accumulation (7.63 g/L of SA). GTA between EXP/STA1, EXP/STA2 and STA1/STA2 comparisons showed no significant differences in the regulation of genes encoding enzymes of central carbon metabolism as in SA pathway, but those genes encoding enzymes involved in sugar, amino acid, nucleotide/nucleoside, iron and sulfur transport; amino acid catabolism and biosynthesis; nucleotide/nucleoside salvage; acid stress response and modification of IM and OM were upregulated between comparisons. Conclusions: GTA during SA production in batch-fermentor cultures of strain PB12.SA22 grown in complex fermentation broth during the EXP, STA1 and STA2 phases was studied. Significantly, upregulated genes during the EXP and STA1 phases were associated with transport, amino acid catabolism, biosynthesis, and nucleotide/nucleoside salvage. In STA2, upregulation of genes encoding transporters and enzymes involved in the synthesis and catabolism of Arg suggests that this amino acid could have a key role in the fuelling of carbon toward SA synthesis, whereas upregulation of genes involved in pH stress response, such as membrane modifications, suggests a possible response to environmental conditions imposed on the cell at the end of the fermentation.

The coordinated data analysis that developed within the International Magnetospheric Study is presented. A tracing of its development along with various activities taking place within this framework are reported.

Renewable energy researchers use computer simulation to aid the design of lithium ion storage devices. The underlying models contain several physical input parameters that affect model predictions. Effective design and analysis must understand the sensitivity of model predictions to changes in model parameters, but global sensitivity analyses become increasingly challenging as the number of input parameters increases. Active subspaces are part of an emerging set of tools for discovering and exploiting low-dimensional structures in the map from high-dimensional inputs to model outputs. We extend linear and quadratic model-based heuristic for active sub- space discovery to time-dependent processes and apply the resulting technique to a lithium ion battery model. The results reveal low-dimensional structure and sensitivity metrics that a designer may exploit to study the relationship between parameters and predictions.

We analysis some singular partial differential equations systems(PDAEs) with boundary conditions in high dimension bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary. With the eigenvalue theory of PDE the systems initially is formulated as an infinite-dimensional singular systems. The state space description of the system is built according to the spectrum structure and convergence analysis of the PDAEs. Some global stability results are provided. The applicability of the proposed approach is evaluated in numerical simulations on some wetland conservation system with social behaviour.

A crop can be viewed as a complex system with outputs (e.g. yield) that are affected by inputs of genetic, physiology, pedo-climatic and management information. Application of numerical methods for model exploration assist in evaluating the major most influential inputs, providing the simulation model is a credible description of the biological system. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess the simulated impact on yield of a suite of traits involved in major processes of crop growth and development, and to evaluate how the simulated value of such traits varies across environments and in relation to other traits (which can be interpreted as a virtual change in genetic background). The study focused on wheat in Australia, with an emphasis on adaptation to low rainfall conditions. A large set of traits (90) was evaluated in a wide target population of environments (4 sites x 125 years), management practices (3 sowing dates x 2 N fertilization) and $CO_2$ (2 levels). The Morris sensitivity analysis method was used to sample the parameter space and reduce computational requirements, while maintaining a realistic representation of the targeted trait x environment x management landscape ($\sim$ 82 million individual simulations in total). The patterns of parameter x environment x management interactions were investigated for the most influential parameters, considering a potential genetic range of +/- 20% compared to a reference. Main (i.e. linear) and interaction (i.e. non-linear and interaction) sensitivity indices calculated for most of APSIM-Wheat parameters allowed the identifcation of 42 parameters substantially impacting yield in most target environments. Among these, a subset of parameters related to phenology, resource acquisition, resource use efficiency and biomass allocation were identified as potential candidates for crop (and model) improvement.

In this paper, an over-sampled periodogram higher criticism (OPHC) test is proposed for the global detection of sparse periodic effects in a complex-valued time series. An explicit minimax detection boundary is established between the rareness and weakness of the complex sinusoids hidden in the series. The OPHC test is shown to be asymptotically powerful in the detectable region. Numerical simulations illustrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed test. Furthermore, the periodogram over-sampled by $O(\log N)$ is proven universally optimal in global testing for periodicities under a mild minimum separation condition.

An numerical iterative framework for global modal stability analysis of compressible flows using a parallel environment is presented. The framework uses a matrix-free implementation to allow computations of large scale problems. Various methods are tested with regard to convergence acceleration of the framework. The methods consist of a spectral Cayley transformation used to select desired Eigenvalues from a large spectrum, an improved linear solver and a parallel block-Jacobi preconditioning scheme.

We review and apply Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) and Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) techniques to pricing and risk management (greeks) of representative financial instruments of increasing complexity. We compare QMC vs standard Monte Carlo (MC) results in great detail, using high-dimensional Sobol' low discrepancy sequences, different discretization methods, and specific analyses of convergence, performance, speed up, stability, and error optimization for finite differences greeks. We find that our QMC outperforms MC in most cases, including the highest-dimensional simulations and greeks calculations, showing faster and more stable convergence to exact or almost exact results. Using GSA, we are able to fully explain our findings in terms of reduced effective dimension of our QMC simulation, allowed in most cases, but not always, by Brownian bridge discretization. We conclude that, beyond pricing, QMC is a very promising technique also for computing risk figures, greeks in particular, as it allows to reduce the computational effort of high-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations typical of modern risk management.

We review and apply Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) and Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) techniques to pricing and risk management (greeks) of representative financial instruments of increasing complexity. We compare QMC vs standard Monte Carlo (MC) results in great detail, using high-dimensional Sobol' low discrepancy sequences, different discretization methods, and specific analyses of convergence, performance, speed up, stability, and error optimization for finite differences greeks. We find that our QMC outperforms MC in most cases, including the highest-dimensional simulations and greeks calculations, showing faster and more stable convergence to exact or almost exact results. Using GSA, we are able to fully explain our findings in terms of reduced effective dimension of our QMC simulation, allowed in most cases, but not always, by Brownian bridge discretization. We conclude that, beyond pricing, QMC is a very promising technique also for computing risk figures, greeks in particular, as it allows to reduce the computational effort of high-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations typical of modern risk management.

Research in many areas of modern physics such as, e.g., indirect searches for dark matter and particle acceleration in SNR shocks, rely heavily on studies of cosmic rays (CRs) and associated diffuse emissions (radio, microwave, X-rays, gamma rays). While very detailed numerical models of CR propagation exist, a quantitative statistical analysis of such models has been so far hampered by the large computational effort that those models require. Although statistical analyses have been carried out before using semi-analytical models (where the computation is much faster), the evaluation of the results obtained from such models is difficult, as they necessarily suffer from many simplifying assumptions, The main objective of this paper is to present a working method for a full Bayesian parameter estimation for a numerical CR propagation model. For this study, we use the GALPROP code, the most advanced of its kind, that uses astrophysical information, nuclear and particle data as input to self-consistently predict CRs, gamma rays, synchrotron and other observables. We demonstrate that a full Bayesian analysis is possible using nested sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods (implemented in the SuperBayeS code) despite the heavy computational demands of a numerical propagation code. The best-fit values of parameters found in this analysis are in agreement with previous, significantly simpler, studies also based on GALPROP.

The status of published and preliminary precision electroweak measurements as of winter 2002/03 is presented. The new results on the mass of the W boson as measured at LEP-2 and on atomic parity violation in Caesium are included. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the minimal Standard Model and are used to constrain its parameters, including the mass of the Higgs boson. The agreement between measurements and expectations from theory is discussed.

The status of published and preliminary precision electroweak measurements as of winter 2002/03 is presented. The new results on the mass of the W boson as measured at LEP-2 and on atomic parity violation in Caesium are included. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the minimal Standard Model and are used to constrain its parameters, including the mass of the Higgs boson. The agreement between measurements and expectations from theory is discussed.

A global analysis of the data from all the solar neutrino experiments combined with the recent KamLAND data is presented. A formula frequently used in the literature gives survival probability for three active solar neutrino flavors in terms of a suitably-modified two-flavor survival probability. Corrections to this formula, which depend on $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta m_{31}^2$, are calculated. For the mass scale suggested by the atmospheric neutrino experiments the contributions of $\delta m_{31}^2$ to these corrections is found to be negligible. The role of $\theta_{13}$ in solar neutrino physics is elaborated. For electron neutrino oscillations into another active flavor, we find best fit values of $\tan^2 \theta_{12} \sim 0.46$, $\tan^2 \theta_{13} \sim 0$, and $\delta m_{21}^2 \sim 7.1 \times 10^{-5}$ eV$^2$. It is found that the combined solar neutrino and KamLAND date provide the limit $\cos^4 \theta_{13} < 0.8$ at the 90 % confidence level.

We present a comprehensive phenomenological analysis of a vast amount of data from neutrino flavor oscillation and non-oscillation searches, performed within the standard scenario with three massive and mixed neutrinos, and with particular attention to subleading effects. The detailed results discussed in this review represent a state-of-the-art, accurate and up-to-date (as of August 2005) estimate of the three-neutrino mass-mixing parameters.

Abstract: This article offers an integrative, secondary-data synthesis of the most consequential global shifts from 2000 to 2025 through a Sola Scriptura lens. Purpose: to evaluate how concurrent changes in religion and culture, politics and conflict, economics and poverty, science and technology, and environmental stewardship cohere or conflict with biblical anthropology and ethics, and to derive practice-relevant guidance for discipleship and institutional leadership. Methodology: an integrative review couples a structured evidence matrix of reputable datasets with canonical, Christ-centered theological analysis; sources were selected for transparency, recency, and cross-regional coverage, then synthesized narratively with explicit appraisal of ethical assumptions. Results: findings show a marked south-and-eastward shift in Christian demography alongside accelerating secularization in the West; rapid liberalization in sexuality and life ethics with persistent counter-movements; the resurgence of religion in identity politics and a documented rise in persecution; historic reductions in extreme poverty tempered by widening within-country inequality; frontier advances in AI and biotechnology that enlarge human capacity while heightening risks to dignity and agency; and continued warming and ecological stress that sharpen stewardship obligations. Contribution: the study proposes an interpretive framework rooted in creation, fall, redemption, and consummation that explains the simultaneous expansion of Christianity and consolidation of Western secularism, and it articulates biblically grounded implications for technology governance, economic justice, public witness, and creation care. Conclusions and implications: the first quarter-century demands theological clarity joined to empirical sobriety. Christians are called to wise cultural engagement that prizes truth, protects the vulnerable, resists technocratic hubris, and practices hopeful stewardship. Limitations include dependence on available datasets and fast-moving indicators, underscoring the need for periodic updates.

Abstract: This article offers an integrative, secondary-data synthesis of the most consequential global shifts from 2000 to 2025 through a Sola Scriptura lens. Purpose: to evaluate how concurrent changes in religion and culture, politics and conflict, economics and poverty, science and technology, and environmental stewardship cohere or conflict with biblical anthropology and ethics, and to derive practice-relevant guidance for discipleship and institutional leadership. Methodology: an integrative review couples a structured evidence matrix of reputable datasets with canonical, Christ-centered theological analysis; sources were selected for transparency, recency, and cross-regional coverage, then synthesized narratively with explicit appraisal of ethical assumptions. Results: findings show a marked south-and-eastward shift in Christian demography alongside accelerating secularization in the West; rapid liberalization in sexuality and life ethics with persistent counter-movements; the resurgence of religion in identity politics and a documented rise in persecution; historic reductions in extreme poverty tempered by widening within-country inequality; frontier advances in AI and biotechnology that enlarge human capacity while heightening risks to dignity and agency; and continued warming and ecological stress that sharpen stewardship obligations. Contribution: the study proposes an interpretive framework rooted in creation, fall, redemption, and consummation that explains the simultaneous expansion of Christianity and consolidation of Western secularism, and it articulates biblically grounded implications for technology governance, economic justice, public witness, and creation care. Conclusions and implications: the first quarter-century demands theological clarity joined to empirical sobriety. Christians are called to wise cultural engagement that prizes truth, protects the vulnerable, resists technocratic hubris, and practices hopeful stewardship. Limitations include dependence on available datasets and fast-moving indicators, underscoring the need for periodic updates.

Abstract: This article offers an integrative, secondary-data synthesis of the most consequential global shifts from 2000 to 2025 through a Sola Scriptura lens. Purpose: to evaluate how concurrent changes in religion and culture, politics and conflict, economics and poverty, science and technology, and environmental stewardship cohere or conflict with biblical anthropology and ethics, and to derive practice-relevant guidance for discipleship and institutional leadership. Methodology: an integrative review couples a structured evidence matrix of reputable datasets with canonical, Christ-centered theological analysis; sources were selected for transparency, recency, and cross-regional coverage, then synthesized narratively with explicit appraisal of ethical assumptions. Results: findings show a marked south-and-eastward shift in Christian demography alongside accelerating secularization in the West; rapid liberalization in sexuality and life ethics with persistent counter-movements; the resurgence of religion in identity politics and a documented rise in persecution; historic reductions in extreme poverty tempered by widening within-country inequality; frontier advances in AI and biotechnology that enlarge human capacity while heightening risks to dignity and agency; and continued warming and ecological stress that sharpen stewardship obligations. Contribution: the study proposes an interpretive framework rooted in creation, fall, redemption, and consummation that explains the simultaneous expansion of Christianity and consolidation of Western secularism, and it articulates biblically grounded implications for technology governance, economic justice, public witness, and creation care. Conclusions and implications: the first quarter-century demands theological clarity joined to empirical sobriety. Christians are called to wise cultural engagement that prizes truth, protects the vulnerable, resists technocratic hubris, and practices hopeful stewardship. Limitations include dependence on available datasets and fast-moving indicators, underscoring the need for periodic updates.

Abstract: This article offers an integrative, secondary-data synthesis of the most consequential global shifts from 2000 to 2025 through a Sola Scriptura lens. Purpose: to evaluate how concurrent changes in religion and culture, politics and conflict, economics and poverty, science and technology, and environmental stewardship cohere or conflict with biblical anthropology and ethics, and to derive practice-relevant guidance for discipleship and institutional leadership. Methodology: an integrative review couples a structured evidence matrix of reputable datasets with canonical, Christ-centered theological analysis; sources were selected for transparency, recency, and cross-regional coverage, then synthesized narratively with explicit appraisal of ethical assumptions. Results: findings show a marked south-and-eastward shift in Christian demography alongside accelerating secularization in the West; rapid liberalization in sexuality and life ethics with persistent counter-movements; the resurgence of religion in identity politics and a documented rise in persecution; historic reductions in extreme poverty tempered by widening within-country inequality; frontier advances in AI and biotechnology that enlarge human capacity while heightening risks to dignity and agency; and continued warming and ecological stress that sharpen stewardship obligations. Contribution: the study proposes an interpretive framework rooted in creation, fall, redemption, and consummation that explains the simultaneous expansion of Christianity and consolidation of Western secularism, and it articulates biblically grounded implications for technology governance, economic justice, public witness, and creation care. Conclusions and implications: the first quarter-century demands theological clarity joined to empirical sobriety. Christians are called to wise cultural engagement that prizes truth, protects the vulnerable, resists technocratic hubris, and practices hopeful stewardship. Limitations include dependence on available datasets and fast-moving indicators, underscoring the need for periodic updates.

The goal of this paper is to solve the global sensitivity analysis for a particular control problem. More precisely, the boundary control problem of an open-water channel is considered, where the boundary conditions are defined by the position of a down stream overflow gate and an upper stream underflow gate. The dynamics of the water depth and of the water velocity are described by the Shallow Water equations, taking into account the bottom and friction slopes. Since some physical parameters are unknown, a stabilizing boundary control is first computed for their nominal values, and then a sensitivity anal-ysis is performed to measure the impact of the uncertainty in the parameters on a given to-be-controlled output. The unknown physical parameters are de-scribed by some probability distribution functions. Numerical simulations are performed to measure the first-order and total sensitivity indices.

The first global wind fields from SEASAT-A scatterometer (SASS) data were produced. Fifteen days of record are available on tape, with unique wind directions indicated for each observation. The methodology of the production of this data set is described, as well as the testing of its validity. A number of displays of the data, on large and small scales, analyzed and gridded, are provided.

Computer-generated radar simulations and mathematical geologic terrain models were used to establish the optimum radar sensor operating parameters for geologic research. An initial set of mathematical geologic terrain models was created for three basic landforms and families of simulated radar images were prepared from these models for numerous interacting sensor, platform, and terrain variables. The tradeoffs between the various sensor parameters and the quantity and quality of the extractable geologic data were investigated as well as the development of automated techniques of digital SAR image analysis. Initial work on a texture analysis of SEASAT SAR imagery is reported. Computer-generated radar simulations are shown for combinations of two geologic models and three SAR angles of incidence.

No one country, Department, or Agency holds all of the authorities and capabilities to achieve effective Maritime Domain Awareness. MDA can only be achieved through a collaborative network of partners drawing upon their cumulative authorities and capabilities. It is only through unity of effort that the security, safety, economic and environmental objectives associated with MDA can be achieved. This Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) Concept of Operations (CONOPS) provides a foundation for developing interagency and agency-specific policies, processes, procedures, and organizational relationships to align activities that contribute to achieving MDA. This initial spiral is primarily interagency focused, providing a federal approach to developing maritime domain awareness at home and abroad in support of the security, safety, economy, and environment of the United States. Many of the concepts and ideas expressed in this document are also applicable in working with local, state, tribal, international and private sector partners. Achieving MDA depends on the ability to monitor activities in such a way that trends can be identified and anomalies detected. The desired state is transparency in the maritime domain.

Due to the lack of low redshift long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), the circular problem has been a severe obstacle for using GRBs as cosmological candles. In this paper, we present a new method to deal with such a problem in MCMC global fitting analysis. Assuming that a certain type of correlations between different observables exists in a subsample of GRBs, for the parameters involved in the correlation relation, we treat them as free parameters and determine them simultaneously with cosmological parameters through MCMC analysis on GRB data together with other observational data. Then the circular problem is naturally eliminated in this procedure. We take the Ghirlanda relation as an example while keeping in mind the debate about its physical validity. Together with SNe Ia, WMAP and SDSS data, we include 27 GRBs with the reported Ghirlanda relation in our study, and perform MCMC global fitting. We consider the $\Lambda$CDM model and dynamical dark energy models. In each case, in addition to the constraints on the relevant cosmological parameters, we obtain the best fit values as well as the distributions of the correlation parameters $A$ and $C$. We find that the observational data sets other than GRBs can affect $A$ and $C$ considerably through their degeneracies with the cosmological parameters. The results on $A$ and $C$ for different cosmological models are in well agreement within $1\sigma$ range. The best fit value of $A$ in all models being analyzed is $A\sim 1.53$ with $\sigma \sim 0.08$. For $C$, we have the best value in the range of $0.94-0.98$ with $\sigma\sim 0.1$. It is also noted that the distributions of $A$ and $C$ are generally broader than the priors used in many studies in literature. (Abriged)

In this review talk I discuss the latest developments in the DGLAP-based global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs), focusing on the recent EPS09, nCTEQ and DSSZ global fits. I also briefly review the recent analysis for assigning a spatial dependence to the globally analysed nPDFs, resulting in the new sets EPS09s and EKS98s ("s" for spatial). With these, one can now compute nuclear hard-process cross sections and estimate their nPDF-originating uncertainties in different centrality classes for the first time consistently with the global nPDF fits.

In this review talk I discuss the latest developments in the DGLAP-based global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs), focusing on the recent EPS09, nCTEQ and DSSZ global fits. I also briefly review the recent analysis for assigning a spatial dependence to the globally analysed nPDFs, resulting in the new sets EPS09s and EKS98s ("s" for spatial). With these, one can now compute nuclear hard-process cross sections and estimate their nPDF-originating uncertainties in different centrality classes for the first time consistently with the global nPDF fits.

This study investigates the dynamics of non-isothermal swirling jets undergoing vortex breakdown, with an emphasis on helical coherent structures. It is proposed that the dominant helical coherent structure can be suppressed by heating the recirculation bubble. This proposition is assessed with Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the breakdown region of isothermal and heated swirling jets. The coherent kinetic energy of the dominant helical structure was derived from PIV snapshots via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. For one set of experimental parameters, mild heating is found to increase the energy content of the dominant helical mode. Strong heating leads to a reduction by 30\% of the coherent structures energy. For a second set of experimental parameters, no alteration of the dominant coherent structure is detectable. Local linear stability analysis of the time-averaged velocity fields shows that the key difference between the two configurations is the density ratio at the respective wavemaker location. A density ratio of approximately 0.8 is found to correlate to a suppression of the global mode in the experiments. A parametric study with model density and velocity profiles indicates the most important parameters that govern the local absolute growth rate: The density ratio and the relative position of the density profiles and the inner shear layer.

Decreased social well-being emerged as a significant public health concern globally. The project aims to conduct a global trend analysis of social well-being, examining its prevalence, demographic and health variations over time.

This study represents the final version of a completed meta-analysis.