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Extending a previously developed two-phase equation of state, we simulate head-on relativistic lead-lead collisions with fluid dynamics, augmented with a finite-range term, and study the effects of the phase structure on the evolution of the baryon density. For collision energies that bring the bulk of the system into the mechanically unstable spinodal region of the phase diagram, the density irregularities are being amplified significantly. The resulting density clumping may be exploited as a signal of the phase transition, possibly through an enhanced production of composite particles.

Introduction: Tubercular meningitis is the commonest form of neurotuberculosis. Diagnosis is challenging because of paucibacillary nature, lack of specific sign and symptoms. CBNAAT is a real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of tubercular meningitis. So we used this rapid test to assess its role in diagnosis of Tubercular Meningitis(TBM). Material and Methods: This study was done over a period of one year in a tertiary centre. Patients with symptoms suggestive of tubercular meningitis were our study population. Their detailed clinical history, followed by a thorough general physical & systemic examination were done and documented in a predesigned proforma. Chest x-ray as well as neuroimaging were done in patients whose condition permitted. 3ml CSF fluid was drawn by lumbar puncture, 2 ml was sent for routine and bacteriological examination test and 1 ml for CBNAAT. Results: 100 patients were included, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Mean age of the affected population was 37.53 years. 47% had radiological finding suggestive of tuberculosis.18 out of 100 were HIV reactive. MRI brain in 64 patients showed meningeal enhancement as the most common finding (60.93%). In Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis mean CSF protein was 136.5 mg/dl, mean CSF glucose was 56.4 mg/dl and CSF cell count was 66.7 cells/microliter. Mean Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) was 11.22 U/L.CSF CBNAAT was positive in 9 patients out of which 8 were sensitive to rifampicin and one resistant to it. Conclusion: Even though CSF cytology gives good estimate of suspected TBM patient the test is not confirmative for bacilli demonstration. CBNAAT being a rapid accurate test would play a major role in the diagnosis, treatment, as well as for estimating rifampicin resistance of one of the common medical emergency in India by clear guidance from WHO. Key Words: CBNAAT, Tubercular Meningitis, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Rifampicin resistance, WHO

We study the mechanical actions affecting close scatterers immersed in a coherent fermionic fluid. Using a scattering field theory, we theoretically analyse the single-scatterer and the two-scatterer case. Concerning the single-scatterer case, we find that a net force affects the scatterer dynamics only in non-equilibrium condition, i.e. imposing the presence of a non-vanishing particle current flowing through the system. The force fluctuation (variance) is instead not negligible both in equilibrium and in non-equilibrium conditions. Concerning the two-scatterer case, an attractive fluid-mediated Casimir force is experienced by the scatterers at small spatial separation, while a decaying attractive/repulsive behavior as a function of the scatterer separation is found. Furthermore, the Casimir force fluctuations acting on a given scatterer in close vicinity of the other present an oscillating behavior reaching a long distance limit comparable to the value of the single-scatterer case. The relevance of these findings is discussed in connection with fluctuation phenomena in low-dimensional nanostructures and cold atoms systems.

We study the mechanical actions affecting close scatterers immersed in a coherent fermionic fluid. Using a scattering field theory, we theoretically analyse the single-scatterer and the two-scatterer case. Concerning the single-scatterer case, we find that a net force affects the scatterer dynamics only in non-equilibrium condition, i.e. imposing the presence of a non-vanishing particle current flowing through the system. The force fluctuation (variance) is instead not negligible both in equilibrium and in non-equilibrium conditions. Concerning the two-scatterer case, an attractive fluid-mediated Casimir force is experienced by the scatterers at small spatial separation, while a decaying attractive/repulsive behavior as a function of the scatterer separation is found. Furthermore, the Casimir force fluctuations acting on a given scatterer in close vicinity of the other present an oscillating behavior reaching a long distance limit comparable to the value of the single-scatterer case. The relevance of these findings is discussed in connection with fluctuation phenomena in low-dimensional nanostructures and cold atoms systems.

Contents: The viscous dissipation of energy in free turbulent flows occurring in fluid amplifier operation; some aspects of curved turbulent mixing important in fluid amplifiers and fluid logic devices; investigations of interacting underexpanded jet flows; spreading rates of compressible two- dimensional reattaching jets; the interaction of oblique shocks and expansion waves with a jet boundary mixing zone; separated flow in curved channels; jet interaction noise; deflection and relative flow of three interacting jets; noise reduction by jet-edge and resonator coupling; a hydrodynamic study of the free-jet class of fluid-jet amplifiers; wall reattachment device with pulsed control flow; remarks on the limitations of pure fluid elements; on the stability of fluid systems; low-pass filters for pneumatic amplifiers; acoustic control of pneumatic digital amplifiers; basic requirements for an analytical approach to pure fluid control systems; the response of a bistable fluid amplifier to a step input; the effect of geometric changes upon the switching point in a model bi- stable fluid amplifier; flow field characteristics in a model bi-stable fluid amplifier; a high gain proportional fluid state flow amplifier.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Pediatrics , volume 20 . Abstract Objective: Early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is of critical concern. Optimum and rapid laboratory facilities are not routinely available for detecting the etiologic agents of meningitis. The objective of this study was to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with culture for detection of bacteria in central nervous system (CNS) samples from patients suspected to have meningitis. Methods: One-hundred cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained and divided into two parts. One part of samples was used for standard bacterial culture and gram staining. The remaining was used for DNA extraction. PCR assay was performed with universal primers for 16S rDNA gene of bacteria. Performance characteristics of the test were determined. Findings: The PCR method was able to detect bacteria in all 36 culture-positive and in 38 of 64 culture-negative cases showing sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 40.6% respectively. Positive predictive value was 48.6% and negative predictive value 100%, however, Kappa coefficient showed the correlation of the 2 methods to be at 0.33. Conclusion: There are advantages and disadvantages in performance characteristics of the conventional CSF culture and universal CSF 16S rDNA PCR. Therefore, it is recommended to use both methods in clinical practice, particularly in suspicious contaminated samples, with presumable presence of fastidious or slow growing bacteria because of antibiotic consumption.

Contents: The impact modulator; some properties and applications of direct and transverse impact modulators; control characteristics of vortex valves; experimental study of a proportional vortex fluid amplifier; characteristics of a vortex fluid throttle; characteristics of counter-vortex oscillators; application techniques for proportional pure fluid amplifiers; static design of pneumatic logic circuits; application of pure fluid logic to on-off control systems; theoretical analysis of fluid amplifier design; the turbulence amplifier in control systems; multiple-ball pneumatic amplifiers; the staging of pressure proportional amplifiers to provide stable, medium gain, dual control, single output pure fluid systems; development of a proportional fluid amplifier for multi-stage operation; experiments in analog computation with fluids; a fluid encoding system; feasibility study of a fluid amplifier steam turbine speed control; applications of pure fluid techniques to a speed control; a pure fluid hydrofoil control system; a status report on the experimental development of a hot gas valve; development of two pure fluid timers.

Contents: Transient behavior of bistable fluid elements; a sonic oscillator; interconnection of fluid amplification elements; staging of closed proportional fluid amplifiers; angular velocity regulation with a fluid interaction system; fluid amplification technology: a bibliography of direct contributions.

Contents: Transient behavior of bistable fluid elements; a sonic oscillator; interconnection of fluid amplification elements; staging of closed proportional fluid amplifiers; angular velocity regulation with a fluid interaction system; fluid amplification technology: a bibliography of direct contributions.

Contents: Transient behavior of bistable fluid elements; a sonic oscillator; interconnection of fluid amplification elements; staging of closed proportional fluid amplifiers; angular velocity regulation with a fluid interaction system; fluid amplification technology: a bibliography of direct contributions.

Contents: Transient behavior of bistable fluid elements; a sonic oscillator; interconnection of fluid amplification elements; staging of closed proportional fluid amplifiers; angular velocity regulation with a fluid interaction system; fluid amplification technology: a bibliography of direct contributions.

Contents: Attachment of a jet to a curved wall, separated flow in curved channels with secondary injection, application of pure logic to on-off control systems, a fluid encoding system, thrust vector control using a bleed off-reinjection device, supersonic fluid amplification with various expansion ratio nozzles, high-speed schlieren cinematography, four fluid amplifier controlled medical devices, fluid units of the ball valve type and their application to the control of a machine tool.

Contents: Theoretical study of a convergent nozzle and free jet flow, experimental study of a convergent nozzle and free jet flow, pressure recovery characteristics of compressible two-dimensional free jet flows, the flow of turbulent incompressible two-dimensional jets over ventilated cavities, flow stability for two-dimensional cusp devices, new comprehensive studies on sudden enlargements, spreading rates of compressible two-dimensional reattaching jets upstream of reattachment, calculation of the separation of a jet attached to a convex wall, analysis of the steadyflow pneumatic resistance of parallel capillaries, similarity relations and characterization of pure fluid elements, dynamic similarity analysis of compressible viscous fluid pipe flow, a definition of the mechanical potential necessary to a fluid circuit theory, on the future of dynamic analysis of fluid systems, an approach to broad band fluid amplification at acoustic frequencies, predicting closed loop stability of fluid amplifiers from frequency response measurements, on the dynamical characteristics of fluid amplifiers and elements, impedance matching in bistable and proportional fluid amplifiers through the use of a vortex vent.

Contents: A temperature-insensitive oscillator and a pressure- controlled oscillator, development of a pressure controlled oscillator for fm systems, fluid dynamic effects of liquids in elastic tubes, transient response of a fluid line with and without bleeds, experiment and theory of acoustically controlled fluid switches, some influences of turbulence on the noise of proportional fluid amplifiers, effect of receiver design on amplifier performance and jet profile of a proportional fluid amplifier, steady and transient behavior of a bistable amplifier with a latching vortex, performance characteristics of vortex amplifiers, fluid vortex amplifier optimization, characteristics of a vortex device and the vortex-breakdown phenomenon, experimental profiles of velocity components and radial pressure distribution in a vortex contained in a short cylindrical chamber, a theoretical and experimental investigation of the vortexsink angular rate sensor, flow studies in a vortex rate sensor, photoviscous flow visualization in fluid state devices, turbulence amplifier for integrated two-dimensional fabrication, digital data handling speeds with pure fluid (pneumatic circuits).

Contents: A temperature-insensitive oscillator and a pressure- controlled oscillator, development of a pressure controlled oscillator for fm systems, fluid dynamic effects of liquids in elastic tubes, transient response of a fluid line with and without bleeds, experiment and theory of acoustically controlled fluid switches, some influences of turbulence on the noise of proportional fluid amplifiers, effect of receiver design on amplifier performance and jet profile of a proportional fluid amplifier, steady and transient behavior of a bistable amplifier with a latching vortex, performance characteristics of vortex amplifiers, fluid vortex amplifier optimization, characteristics of a vortex device and the vortex-breakdown phenomenon, experimental profiles of velocity components and radial pressure distribution in a vortex contained in a short cylindrical chamber, a theoretical and experimental investigation of the vortexsink angular rate sensor, flow studies in a vortex rate sensor, photoviscous flow visualization in fluid state devices, turbulence amplifier for integrated two-dimensional fabrication, digital data handling speeds with pure fluid (pneumatic circuits).

Contents: The analysis of submerged jet flow fields by a numerical field computation method, Schlieren observations of the effect of sound injected into the power nozzle of a helium-into-air jet, the effect of sound on a reattaching jet at low Reynolds numbers, Transition to turbulence and wall attachment of miniature jets, an experimental study of the static interaction of an axisymmetrical fluid jet and a single receiver-diffuser, dynamic interaction of a fluid jet and a receiver load system, Transient theory of switching in a bistable valve, flueric pressure regulation using a resistance set point, a flueric induction and gate, mechanically entrained fluidic oscillator, steady flow in a pure fluid valve TVC system, experimental study of fluid controlled valves, experimental investigation of the performance characteristics of a flow- instability sensing device.

A theoretical analysis of signal gain using principles of fluid stream interaction is presented. This analysis is applied to predict pressure, flow, and power gains of a fluid amplifier and to determine optimum operating conditions and geometry. Comparison of theory and measurements show agreement within the experimental error.

Contents: Experimental study of a proportional fluid amplifier, bistable fluid jet amplifier with low sensitivity to receiver reverse flow, development of a pure fluid norgate and a norlogic binary to decimal converter, a pneumatic tape-reader, fluid state hybrid control systems, a fluid state digital to analog converter, a digital-proportional fluid amplifier for a missile control system, a development report on a fluid amplifier attitude control valve system, application of fluerics to missile attitude control, a second generation of fluid system applications, a fluid state absolute pressure ratio computer, a temperature control system using flueric components, fluid timer development, the use of a fluid amplifier in an intermittent stream release valve for high altitude research, an evaluation of a fluid amplifier, face mask respirator, a fluid operated diesel locomotive transition control unit, area experience in moderate volume fabrication of pure fluid devices.

The report is a detailed account of the work carried out by UNIVAC pursuant to Contract Number DA-49-186AMC-34(X). It is of special interest in this contract to develop analytical tools which indicate circuit values in the construction of an all-fluid system, and which then predict its operating characteristics. In short, a circuit theory is to be formulated. An n-stage binary counter is selected for analysis, the foundations of which are the analogous equations of fluid flow and electrical current, and empirically formulated element characteristics.