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Flashbulb Memories (FBMs) are memories of the reception of important public events. In this study, we use the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, 2022 as the event and investigate the predictors of FBMs in three national samples: Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. This study aims to elucidate which factors are relevant for FBM emergence in groups that are not directly affected by the event, and to compare these with a sample of directly affected people. An influential model by Berntsen posits that FBMs are encoded when a social identity is being activated by an event, such as the identity as a Ukrainian when one’s country is under attack. This model, while supported by numerous studies, leaves it open under which circumstances individuals from national outgroups have FBMs of an event.

Flashbulb Memories (FBMs) are memories of the reception of important public events. In this study, we use the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, 2022 as the event and investigate the predictors of FBMs in three national samples: Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. This study aims to elucidate which factors are relevant for FBM emergence in groups that are not directly affected by the event, and to compare these with a sample of directly affected people. An influential model by Berntsen posits that FBMs are encoded when a social identity is being activated by an event, such as the identity as a Ukrainian when one’s country is under attack. This model, while supported by numerous studies, leaves it open under which circumstances individuals from national outgroups have FBMs of an event.

Flashbulb Memories (FBMs) are memories of the reception of important public events. In this study, we use the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, 2022 as the event and investigate the predictors of FBMs in three national samples: Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. This study aims to elucidate which factors are relevant for FBM emergence in groups that are not directly affected by the event, and to compare these with a sample of directly affected people. An influential model by Berntsen posits that FBMs are encoded when a social identity is being activated by an event, such as the identity as a Ukrainian when one’s country is under attack. This model, while supported by numerous studies, leaves it open under which circumstances individuals from national outgroups have FBMs of an event.

Flashbulb Memories (FBMs) are memories of the reception of important public events. In this study, we use the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, 2022 as the event and investigate the predictors of FBMs in three national samples: Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. This study aims to elucidate which factors are relevant for FBM emergence in groups that are not directly affected by the event, and to compare these with a sample of directly affected people. An influential model by Berntsen posits that FBMs are encoded when a social identity is being activated by an event, such as the identity as a Ukrainian when one’s country is under attack. This model, while supported by numerous studies, leaves it open under which circumstances individuals from national outgroups have FBMs of an event.

The evaluation of the accuracy of memories represents one of the most debated issues in research applied to the forensic context. In legal and civil proceedings, when it is not possible to obtain objective corroboration with external evidence, practitioners draw from their own experience the criteria to discern whether it is a real memory or a false memory and, in turn, whether the testimony is reliable. Despite the numerous studies conducted on false memories, both spontaneous and induced, and on individual differences in terms of personality, cognitive resources, and affective resources (Battista et al., 2021; Mirandola et al., 2015; Peters et al., 2007; Toffolini et al., 2016), few studies have focused on the characteristics that differentiate reports of true memories from reports of false memories. The literature on flashbulb memories could provide a significant contribution to the debate, as it focuses on the qualitative and phenomenological evaluation of emotional and/or traumatic autobiographical memories, such as a testimony. The Flashbulb Memory Checklist (FBMC; Curci et al., 2020; Lanciano et al., 2018; Lanciano et al., 2019) is a validated tool for measuring the flashbulb characteristics of reports of private emotional/traumatic events, such as peripheral, idiosyncratic, additional, and irrelevant details: date, day, time, place, others present, ongoing activities, weather, clothing, particular smells, and sounds. All these details are typical of vivid and detailed real memories of emotionally impactful experiences significant for oneself and others.

The evaluation of the accuracy of memories represents one of the most debated issues in research applied to the forensic context. In legal and civil proceedings, when it is not possible to obtain objective corroboration with external evidence, practitioners draw from their own experience the criteria to discern whether it is a real memory or a false memory and, in turn, whether the testimony is reliable. Despite the numerous studies conducted on false memories, both spontaneous and induced, and on individual differences in terms of personality, cognitive resources, and affective resources (Battista et al., 2021; Mirandola et al., 2015; Peters et al., 2007; Toffolini et al., 2016), few studies have focused on the characteristics that differentiate reports of true memories from reports of false memories. The literature on flashbulb memories could provide a significant contribution to the debate, as it focuses on the qualitative and phenomenological evaluation of emotional and/or traumatic autobiographical memories, such as a testimony. The Flashbulb Memory Checklist (FBMC; Curci et al., 2020; Lanciano et al., 2018; Lanciano et al., 2019) is a validated tool for measuring the flashbulb characteristics of reports of private emotional/traumatic events, such as peripheral, idiosyncratic, additional, and irrelevant details: date, day, time, place, others present, ongoing activities, weather, clothing, particular smells, and sounds. All these details are typical of vivid and detailed real memories of emotionally impactful experiences significant for oneself and others.

This longitudinal study surveys both U.S. and U.K. participants’ memories of Queen Elizabeth II’s death. Participants are assessed on the vividness and stability of their memory over time, the source of their discovery of the event, emotions surrounding the event, level of national identification (American, British), and perceptions of media coverage surrounding it.

This longitudinal study surveys both U.S. and U.K. participants’ memories of Queen Elizabeth II’s death. Participants are assessed on the vividness and stability of their memory over time, the source of their discovery of the event, emotions surrounding the event, level of national identification (American, British), and perceptions of media coverage surrounding it.

A conference was held on February 2-3, 1990, in Atlanta on the Emory campus on the topic of Affect and Flashbulb Memories. Fourteen speakers presented their research or discussed research presented by other conferees. The primary focus was on flashbulb memories of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion of January 1986. Research was reported concerning peoples memories for information related to the disaster, including memory for their personal circumstances surrounding how they heard the news as well as their memory for the facts of the event. Primary attention was given to whether a special memory mechanism underlies vivid memories, whether these memories are established immediately at the time of the event rather than in subsequent recounting, whether these memories are as accurate as is presupposed by the flashbulb metaphor, and to the relationship between affect and memory. The results of the conference will be published as an edited volume in 1991 Cambridge University Press. (Author) (emk)

1Book of Art for Young People

By Agnes Ethel Conway

This is a charming book on Art History for children (and everyone else). Each chapter focuses on a great painting, reproduced in color in the original text. The authors explain the story behind the paintings, as well as the life, times, and techniques of the artists.<br /><br />You may find downloadable versions of all sixteen paintings at <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/Book_of_Art_Illustrations_lv">http://www.archive.org/details/Book_of_Art_Illustrations_lv</a>, and you can easily do a google search for the other artworks mentioned in the book. (Summary by Kara)

Moncure Daniel Conway was an American abolitionist, Unitarian, clergyman and author. This first volume of his autobiography covers roughly the years of his birth through the end of the US Civil War. (Summary by JoeD)

Moncure Daniel Conway was an American abolitionist, Unitarian, clergyman and author. This second volume of his autobiography covers the years from the US Civil War to roughly 1904. (Summary by JoeD)