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The Schwinger model at finite temperature is analyzed using the Thermofield Dynamics formalism. The operator solution due to Lowenstein and Swieca is generalized to the case of finite temperature within the thermofield bosonization approach. The general properties of the statistical-mechanical ensemble averages of observables in the Hilbert subspace of gauge invariant thermal states are discussed. The bare charge and chirality of the Fermi thermofields are screened, giving rise to an infinite number of mutually orthogonal thermal ground states. One consequence of the bare charge and chirality selection rule at finite temperature is that there are innumerably many thermal vacuum states with the same total charge and chirality of the doubled system. The fermion charge and chirality selection rules at finite temperature turn out to imply the existence of a family of thermal theta vacua states parametrized with the same number of parameters as in zero temperature case. We compute the thermal theta-vacuum expectation value of the mass operator and show that the analytic expression of the chiral condensate for any temperature is easily obtained within this approach, as well as, the corresponding high-temperature behavior.

We apply the finite-element lattice equations of motion for quantum electrodynamics to an examination of anomalies in the current operators. By taking explicit lattice divergences of the vector and axial-vector currents we compute the vector and axial-vector anomalies in two and four dimensions. We examine anomalous commutators of the currents to compute divergent and finite Schwinger terms. And, using free lattice propagators, we compute the vacuum polarization in two dimensions and hence the anomaly in the Schwinger model. (To appear in the Proceedings of the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Marseille, July 22-28, 1993.)

We study the dynamical generation of masses for fundamental fermions in quenched quantum electrodynamics (qQED) at finite temperature in the bare vertex approximation, using Schwinger-Dyson equations (SDE). Motivated by perturbation theory, a further simplification is introduced by taking the wave function renormalization to be unity. In the zeroth mode approximation, the SDE for the fermion propagator resembles QED in 2+1 dimensions (QED3) at zero temperature with an effective dimensionful coupling alpha'=alpha T. For a fixed temperature, mass is dynamically generated above a certain critical value of this coupling. As expected, raising the temperature restores chiral symmetry and fermions become massless again. We also argue that by summing over the frequency modes and under suitable simplifications, qualitative aspects of the result do not undergo significant changes.

The paper proposes an algorithm for regularization of the self-energy expressions for a Dirac particle that meets the relativistic and gauge invariance requirements.

We apply the finite-element lattice equations of motion for quantum electrodynamics given in the first paper in this series to examine anomalies in the current operators. By taking explicit lattice divergences of the vector and axial-vector currents we compute the vector and axial-vector anomalies in two and four dimensions. We examine anomalous commutators of the currents to compute divergent and finite Schwinger terms. And, using free lattice propagators, we compute the vacuum polarization in two dimensions and hence the anomaly in the Schwinger model. A discussion of our choice of gauge-invariant current is provided.

The paper determines the anomalous magnetic moment and Lamb energy level shift in the second order of the perturbation theory using the algorithm of self-energy expression regularization in quantum electrodynamics that meets the relativistic and gauge invariance requirements; the comparison is made to the associated conventional quantum electrodynamics results. A limiting 4-impulse with an infinitely large temporal component and limited value of spatial components that depend quite weakly on the Dirac particle impulse variation is introduced within the algorithm. The answer in regard to the agreement between the experimental data and results of the calculations by the algorithm of this paper will be given by the calculations of the next order of the perturbation theory which are being planned for the nearest future.

In this letter it will be demonstrated explicitly that the finite-element formulation of quantum electrodynamics is free from fermion doubling. We do this by (1) examining the lattice fermion propagator and using it to compute the one-loop vacuum polarization on the lattice, and (2) by an explict computation of vector and axial-vector current anomalies for an arbitrary rectangular lattice in the Schwinger model. There it is shown that requiring that the vector current be conserved necessitates the use of a square lattice, in which case the axial-vector current is anomalous.

Four-dimensional quantum electrodynamics has been formulated on a hypercubic Minkowski finite-element lattice. The equations of motion have been derived so as to preserve lattice gauge invariance and have been shown to be unitary. In addition, species doubling is avoided due to the nonlocality of the interactions. The model is used to investigate the lattice current algebra. Regularization of the current is shown to arise in a natural and nonarbitrary way. The commutators of the lattice current are calculated and shown to have the expected qualitative behavior. These lattice results are compared to various continuum calculations. (Five figures available from author.)

The recent generalization of the Lowenstein-Swieca operator solution of Quantum Electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions to finite temperature in Thermofield Dynamics is further generalized to include a non-vanishing chemical potential. The operator solution to the Euler-Lagrange equations respecting the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition is constructed. Two forms of this condition and their associated solutions are discussed. The correlation functions of an arbitrary number of chiral densities are computed in the thermal theta-vacuum.

We use the Schwinger-Dyson equations in the presence of a thermal bath, in order to study chiral symmetry breaking in a system of massless Dirac fermions interacting through pseudo quantum electrodynamics (PQED3), in (2+1) dimensions. We show that there is a critical temperature $T_c$, below which chiral symmetry is broken, and a corresponding mass gap is dynamically generated, provided the coupling is above a certain, temperature dependent, critical value $\alpha_c$. The ratio between the energy gap and the critical temperature for this model is estimated to be $2 \pi$. These results are confirmed by analytical and numerical investigations of the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the electron. In addition, we calculate the first finite-temperature corrections to the static Coulomb interaction. The relevance of this result in the realm of condensed matter systems, like graphene, is briefly discussed.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.198858 dc.contributor.author: Shyam, Radhey dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-08T12:59:53Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-08T12:59:53Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2005-08-27 dc.identifier.barcode: 5990010101287 dc.identifier.origpath: /rawdataupload/upload/0101/289 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/198858 dc.description.scannerno: 14 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 98 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher: Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur dc.rights: Out_of_copyright dc.source.library: Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur dc.subject.classification: Physics dc.title: Conformal Invariant Finite Quantum Electrodynamics

Electromagnetic effects are increasingly being accounted for in lattice quantum chromodynamics computations. Because of their long-range nature, they lead to large finite-size effects over which it is important to gain analytical control. Nonrelativistic effective field theories provide an efficient tool to describe these effects. Here we argue that some care has to be taken when applying these methods to quantum electrodynamics in a finite volume.

We re-examine Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with massless electron as a finite quantum field theory as advocated by Gell-Mann-Low, Baker-Johnson, Adler, Jackiw and others. We analyze the Dyson-Schwinger equation satisfied by the massless electron in finite QED and conclude that the theory admits no nontrivial eigenvalue for the fine structure constant.

We re-examine Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with massless electron as a finite quantum field theory as advocated by Gell-Mann-Low, Baker-Johnson, Adler, Jackiw and others. We analyze the Dyson-Schwinger equation satisfied by the massless electron in finite QED and conclude that the theory admits no nontrivial eigenvalue for the fine structure constant.