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This systematic review and meta-analysis will investigate the effectiveness of physical exercise in cognitive function among individuals diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment. By synthesising data from randomised controlled trials, our study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of exercise interventions on cognitive outcomes in this population.

This article is from Brain Sciences , volume 2 . Abstract The population of elderly adults in the US is growing, and the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline and dementia is expected to increase in turn. Effective and inexpensive interventions or preventive measures are necessary to attenuate the increased economic and social burden of dementia. This review will focus on the potential for physical activity and exercise training to promote brain health and improve cognitive function via neurophysiological changes. We will review pertinent animal and human research examining the effects of physical activity on cognitive function and neurophysiology. We will discuss cross-sectional and longitudinal studies addressing the relationship between neurocognitive health and cardiorespiratory fitness or habitual activity level. We will then present and discuss longitudinal investigations examining the effects of exercise training on cognitive function and neurophysiology. We will conclude by summarizing our current understanding of the relationship between physical activity and brain health, and present areas for future research given the current gaps in our understanding of this issue.

This article is from BMC Geriatrics , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Aging and physical inactivity are associated with declines in some cognitive domains and cerebrovascular function, as well as an elevated risk of cerebrovascular disease and other morbidities. With the increase in the number of sedentary older Canadians, promoting healthy brain aging is becoming an increasingly important population health issue. Emerging research suggests that higher levels of physical fitness at any age are associated with better cognitive functioning and this may be mediated, at least in part, by improvements in cerebrovascular reserve. We are currently conducting a study to determine: if a structured 6-month aerobic exercise program is associated with improvements or maintenance of both cerebrovascular function and cognitive abilities in older individuals; and, the extent to which any changes seen persist 6 months after the completion of the structured exercise program. Methods/design: Two hundred and fifty men and women aged 55–80 years are being enrolled into an 18-month combined quasi-experimental and prospective cohort study. Participants are eligible for enrollment into the study if they are inactive (i.e., not participating in regular physical activity), non-smokers, have a body mass index

In this application, we propose to address this problem by focusing primarily on a single post-chemotherapy complaint in a single cancer: problems with memory in patients with ovarian cancer. We focus on this problem for three reasons: 1) according to the Ovarian Cancer National Alliance, memory problems are among the most frequently cited by patients; 2) by narrowly targeting our inquiry, we will avoid the noise in the data associated with different treatment regimens and correspondingly different cognitive complaints and; 3) there are decades of neuroscience research, some of it from our group, indicating that memory impairment, such as the kind reported in the context of chemotherapy, is mediated primarily by a region of the brain called the hippocampus. In this application, we propose to investigate the possibility that standard chemotherapy regimen used to treat ovarian cancer leads to memory impairment because it arrests the normal processes of neurogenesis, the growth of new nerve cells, in this brain region. In addition, because a growing body of research studies shows that physical exercise leads to improvement in memory and learning and that exercise targets the same brain regions responsible for chemotherapy-induced memory problems, we propose to conduct a pilot study of an intervention to increase patients 'physical activity to test whether this will slow this effect of chemotherapy on nerve cell growth in the hippocampus and subsequently offset memory decline

In this application, we propose to address this problem by focusing primarily on a single post-chemotherapy complaint in a single cancer: problems with memory in patients with ovarian cancer. We focus on this problem for three reasons: 1) according to the Ovarian Cancer National Alliance, memory problems are among the most frequently cited by patients; 2) by narrowly targeting our inquiry, we will avoid the noise in the data associated with different treatment regimens and correspondingly different cognitive complaints and; 3) there are decades of neuroscience research, some of it from our group, indicating that memory impairment, such as the kind reported in the context of chemotherapy, is mediated primarily by a region of the brain called the hippocampus. In this application, we propose to investigate the possibility that standard chemotherapy regimen used to treat ovarian cancer leads to memory impairment because it arrests the normal processes of neurogenesis, the growth of new nerve cells, in this brain region. In addition, because a growing body of research studies shows that physical exercise leads to improvement in memory and learning and that exercise targets the same brain regions responsible for chemotherapy-induced memory problems, we propose to conduct a pilot study of an intervention to increase patients physical activity to test whether this will slow this effect of chemotherapy on nerve cell growth in the hippocampus and subsequently offset memory decline.

A randomised controlled trial to examine whether the timing of oral contraceptive consumption, and associated changes in circulating synthetic hormone concentrations, affect cognitive function, substrate metabolism and exercise performance

Regular exercise is associated with improvements in various cognitive functions (Hillman et al., 2008; Erickson et al., 2019). However, most studies have examined the effect of regular exercise by comparing two dichotomic groups (i.e., active versus sedentary groups). Thus, the continuous function of exercise volume on cognitive function is less known. In other words, it has not been understood whether more exercise leads to higher cognitive function or at what level of exercise there is no improvement in cognitive function. Besides, few studies of regular exercise and cognitive function have included a wide range of adult age groups (20-59 years) with the same index. In addition, we also examine the relationship between regular exercise and decision-making in this experiment. Previous studies of exercise and cognitive function have focused on basic cognitive functions such as executive function but have not paid attention to higher-order cognitive processes such as decision-making. In this study, we focused on the attraction effect, which is one of the context effects in decision-making. The amount of cognitive resources is related to the occurrence of the attraction effect; more of the attraction effect would occur when fewer cognitive resources are allocated to alternatives in the selection process (Tsuzuki et al., 2019, 2021). In our previous research, we conducted an online experiment to examine the relationship between regular exercise and executive function (switching costs) and between regular exercise and decision-making (the attraction effect). Our hypothesis in the previous study was that switching costs become smaller monotonically, and the attraction effect decreases monotonically with increasing exercise volume (i.e., the graph of each result shows downward-sloping). Contrary to our hypothesis, the graph showing the relationship between METs and switching costs and between METs and the attraction effect had an inverted U shape. A study on playing video game and cognitive function have shown that habitual action video game play is associated with high cognitive function with a medium size impact (Bediou et al., 2018). Therefore, we considered the possibility that regular video game play may cause high cognitive abilities, even among sedentary people. In this research, we re-conduct our experiment by adding Video Game Playing Questionnaire (VGQ) to examine why sedentary participants indicate high cognitive abilities. In addition, we also add Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to investigate whether sleep quality affects the results and ask about domain-specific sedentary time to examine whether the type and length of sedentary behavior affect the results or not. The experiment of switching costs will be performed to examine whether regular exercise will influence cognitive function monotonically or with an inverted U shape. On the other hand, The experiment of the attraction effect will be performed to examine whether regular exercise can influence the decision-making process or not. Because the purpose of these experiments is different, we are planning to report these studies in different papers.

This systematic review and meta-analysis will investigate the correlation between physical exercise regimens and cognitive function among patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Through the analysis of randomised controlled trials, our study aims to clarify the effectiveness of various exercise modalities in enhancing cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer's. From aerobic exercises to resistance training, each intervention will be assessed to determine its potential in promoting cognitive improvement.

The purpose of the study is to compare a music-based intervention and a physical exercise intervention on cognitive function in a sample of healthy older adults. A goal of the study is to examine whether each intervention is effective in improving cognitive function from baseline, and to also see if one intervention is more effective than the other in improving cognitive function. More specifically, we're interested to see if exercise is more beneficial for cognitive function than the music and control groups. The study will have three groups: a music group, an exercise group, and a control group. Participants are randomly assigned to one group. Participants in the music group will listen to a personalized music playlist of 5 of their favorite songs on YouTube for 45 minutes (videos that provide lyrics of each song are used). Participants will be asked to sing the lyrics of the songs. Participants in the exercise group will watch a Fit & Fall Proof program video and be instructed to follow along with the video (duration will be 45 minutes). This is an evidence-based program directed towards helping older adults engage in exercises that will help improve their mobility, balance, and strength ultimately lowering the risk of falling (Arnett et al., 2019). The Fit and Fall Program consists of various categories of exercises including strength/resistance training with resistance bands, balance exercises, and mild aerobics. Participants will be given exercise bands and they will have the option to choose which resistance level they want to use (e.g., medium, hard, and very hard). Thus, there is empirical evidence supporting the usage of the Fit and Fall Proof Program in older adults. Individuals in the control group will watch a video about birds in Idaho on YouTube for 45-minutes. Prior to any intervention, all participants will be given cognitive measures that will assess general cognition, processing speed, and executive function. They are given version 8.1 of the MoCA before the intervention and version 8.2 of the MoCA after the intervention. They are also tasked with completing Trail-making Parts A and B before and after the intervention. The MoCA is used to examine global cognition and Trail-making is used to look at processing speed and executive functioning. As an incentive, all participants will be entered in a drawing for a gift card.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental illness that is characterized by cognitive impairment in areas of attention, working memory and executive functioning. Cognitive dysfunction is a main feature of SZ that primarily affects verbal learning and memory, attention, processing speed and executive function. It is necessary to improve cognitive impairment in patients with SZ, especially during daily nursing. Aerobic exercise (AE) is one of diversified rehabilitation strategies that has increasingly gained attention. Multiple studies have shown that physical activity, and particularly structured exercise may significantly improve cognitive function in patients with SZ. However, earlier studies of AE in SZ have not been able to determine the effects on cognition due to insufficient data. Given the results are inconsistent, herein we plan to present a meta-analysis to assess the effect of AE on cognition function in people with SZ during daily nursing.

The aim of the present review is to systematically examine whether isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) is effective in improving cognitive function in adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies are identified by searching five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science). The clinical relevance of IHE as a type of physical activity to improve cognitive function will be explored. Methodology and safety considerations will be discussed.

As an individual ascends to altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air decreases and leads to a condition known as hypoxic hypoxia. This oxygen deficiency in the body can put aircraft crews at risk due to potential decrements in performance. Although extensive investigation has been done on the effects of hypoxia in humans, performance parameters at common general aviation (GA) altitudes have not been specifically investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of altitude exposure and physical exertion on a human cognitive performance task.

This article is from Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine , volume 36 . Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of combined therapy of exercise and nootropic agent on cognitive function in a focal cerebral infarction rat model. Method: Forty 10-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to photothrombotic cerebral infarction of the left parietal lobe. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats without any treatment (n=10); group B was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with swimming exercise (n=10); group C was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with oral administration of acetyl-L-carnitine (n=10); group D was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with swimming exercise and oral administration of acetyl-L-carnitine (n=10). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test on the 1st day, and the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after the induction of cerebral infarction. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were measured. The neuronal cells of the hippocampus were histopathologically evaluated. Results: The escape latency was shorter in groups B, C, and D than in group A. However, the differences were not statistically significant at the 1st, 2nd and 4th week. The activity of SOD was the highest in group D. The level of MDA was the lowest in group D. We observed more normal neuronal cells in groups B, C, and D. Conclusion: The combined therapy of exercise and nootropic agent was helpful in ameliorating oxidative stress in the focal cerebral infarction rat model. However, the effect did not translate into improvement of cognitive function.