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The prosecution of war has always been tempered by constraints, both real and artificial. These constraints are described by Clausewitz as the factors which prevent the conduct of absolute war. These factors include moral and professional codes of conduct many of which have been codified through the Geneva and Hague Conventions, International Humanitarian Law, military doctrine and others to establish expectations for behavior. It is the adherence to these norms or expectations that allow belligerents to argue the legitimacy of their actions and to maintain international and domestic popular support. Among these expectations is the treatment of civilians and noncombatants. Attacks against the civilian population have been a part of warfare since its inception, from siege craft in antiquity through strategic bombing to the modern concept of information warfare, the civilian populace has paid a heavy price for it's defense. Today the classification and legitimate targeting of civilians and noncombatants through the use of lethal and non-lethal fires is critical for any military operation, which has as it's operational or strategic objectives/aims the separation of civilian leadership or the military from the popular (civilian) support of the people. It is also critical in a time when the destruction of key military infrastructure (fuel, power generation, communications) has first, second and third order effects that ripple through the civilian populace. Finally, this classification, targeting and the impact of collateral damage is critical in a period when technology creates expectations which when failed to be met, threaten international legitimacy and often popular support within fragile coalitions.

Morphologically classifying radio sources in continuum images with the SKA has the potential to address some of the key questions in cosmology and galaxy evolution. In particular, we may use different classes of radio sources as independent tracers of the dark-matter density field, and thus overcome cosmic variance in measuring large-scale structure, while on the galaxy evolution side we could measure the mechanical feedback from FRII and FRI jets. This work makes use of a \texttt{MeqTrees}-based simulations framework to forecast the ability of the SKA to recover true source morphologies at high redshifts. A suite of high resolution images containing realistic continuum source distributions with different morphologies (FRI, FRII, starburst galaxies) is fed through an SKA Phase 1 simulator, then analysed to determine the sensitivity limits at which the morphologies can still be distinguished. We also explore how changing the antenna distribution affects these results.

Morphologically classifying radio sources in continuum images with the SKA has the potential to address some of the key questions in cosmology and galaxy evolution. In particular, we may use different classes of radio sources as independent tracers of the dark-matter density field, and thus overcome cosmic variance in measuring large-scale structure, while on the galaxy evolution side we could measure the mechanical feedback from FRII and FRI jets. This work makes use of a \texttt{MeqTrees}-based simulations framework to forecast the ability of the SKA to recover true source morphologies at high redshifts. A suite of high resolution images containing realistic continuum source distributions with different morphologies (FRI, FRII, starburst galaxies) is fed through an SKA Phase 1 simulator, then analysed to determine the sensitivity limits at which the morphologies can still be distinguished. We also explore how changing the antenna distribution affects these results.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.271703 dc.contributor.author: Dr E. Ramann dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-27T21:04:10Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-27T21:04:10Z dc.date.citation: 1928 dc.identifier.barcode: 05990010892622 dc.identifier.origpath: /data58/upload/0094/339 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/271703 dc.description.scannerno: 20003571 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 142 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: Cambridge W. Heffer And Sons Ltd dc.source.library: University Of Allahabad dc.subject.classification: Botany dc.title: The Evolution And Classification Of Soils dc.type: ptiff dc.type: pdf

An overview of arthropod, spider, jumping spider taxonomy and phylogeny including continental drift and extant salticid groups. References for additional studies.

An overview of arthropod, spider, jumping spider taxonomy and phylogeny including continental drift and extant salticid groups. References for additional studies.

An overview of arthropod, spider, jumping spider taxonomy and phylogeny including continental drift and extant salticid groups. References for additional studies.

Kijak et al. (2011a) studied the radio spectrum of PSR B1259-63 in an unique binary with Be star LS 2883 and showed that this pulsar undergoes a spectrum evolution due to orbital motion. They proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution. They considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free-free absorption and cyclotron resonance. Using the same database we constructed spectra for chosen observing days and obtained different types of spectra. Comparing to current classification of pulsar spectra, there occurs a suggestion that the appearance of various spectra shapes, different from a simple power law which is typical for radio pulsars, is possibly caused by environmental conditions around neutron stars. Therefore, the case of B1259-63 can be treated as a key factor to explain not only the GPS phenomenon observed for the solitary pulsars with interesting environments and also another types of spectra (e.g. with break).

Kijak et al. (2011a) studied the radio spectrum of PSR B1259-63 in an unique binary with Be star LS 2883 and showed that this pulsar undergoes a spectrum evolution due to orbital motion. They proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution. They considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free-free absorption and cyclotron resonance. Using the same database we constructed spectra for chosen observing days and obtained different types of spectra. Comparing to current classification of pulsar spectra, there occurs a suggestion that the appearance of various spectra shapes, different from a simple power law which is typical for radio pulsars, is possibly caused by environmental conditions around neutron stars. Therefore, the case of B1259-63 can be treated as a key factor to explain not only the GPS phenomenon observed for the solitary pulsars with interesting environments and also another types of spectra (e.g. with break).

(ABRIDGED) Motivated by the desire to reliably and automatically classify structure of thousands of COSMOS galaxies, we present ZEST, the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types. To classify galaxy structure, ZEST uses: (i) Five non-parametric diagnostics: asymmetry, concentration, Gini coefficient, 2nd-order moment of the brightest 20% of galaxy pixels, and ellipticity; and (ii) The exponent n of single--Sersic fits to the 2D surface brightness distributions. To fully exploit the wealth of information while reducing the redundancy present in these diagnostics, ZEST performs a principal component (PC) Analysis. We use a sample of ~56,000 I -20.5 structurally--classified early--type galaxies; and (2.) An excess of a factor of about three, at a similar redshift, of irregular galaxies.

(ABRIDGED) Motivated by the desire to reliably and automatically classify structure of thousands of COSMOS galaxies, we present ZEST, the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types. To classify galaxy structure, ZEST uses: (i) Five non-parametric diagnostics: asymmetry, concentration, Gini coefficient, 2nd-order moment of the brightest 20% of galaxy pixels, and ellipticity; and (ii) The exponent n of single--Sersic fits to the 2D surface brightness distributions. To fully exploit the wealth of information while reducing the redundancy present in these diagnostics, ZEST performs a principal component (PC) Analysis. We use a sample of ~56,000 I -20.5 structurally--classified early--type galaxies; and (2.) An excess of a factor of about three, at a similar redshift, of irregular galaxies.

(ABRIDGED) Motivated by the desire to reliably and automatically classify structure of thousands of COSMOS galaxies, we present ZEST, the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types. To classify galaxy structure, ZEST uses: (i) Five non-parametric diagnostics: asymmetry, concentration, Gini coefficient, 2nd-order moment of the brightest 20% of galaxy pixels, and ellipticity; and (ii) The exponent n of single--Sersic fits to the 2D surface brightness distributions. To fully exploit the wealth of information while reducing the redundancy present in these diagnostics, ZEST performs a principal component (PC) Analysis. We use a sample of ~56,000 I -20.5 structurally--classified early--type galaxies; and (2.) An excess of a factor of about three, at a similar redshift, of irregular galaxies.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

The extension of Non-Relativistic-to-Covariant classification scheme seems to be an urgent problem in the Hadron Spectroscopy. Here are given the recent results of our research. 1) Brief history of our way of the extension on Kinematical Frameworks: from SU(2)_{sigma} $\otimes$ O(3)_{L} to U (4)_{DS,m} (Tensor-space of Dirac Spinor with the static unitary symm. SU(2)_{m}, which is new Mass-Reversal symm. reflecting the situation of Q.C.) $\otimes O(2)_{r\perp v}$ (2-dim. internal spatial-vector r vertical to Boost-velocity v, embedded in the O(3,1)_{Lorentz}). Also is brought in Cov. scheme the thus far Overlooked Chirality Symm. of QCD/Stand. Gauge Model. 2) Propertime tau-Quantum Mechanics for Conf. Q. System and Quantization of Comp. Hadron field is developed. The similar to conventional procedures are performed in Lorentz-Inv. Particle Frame (Galilean Inertial Frame with v=const) which becomes Lorentz-Cov. Observer F., when v=0. The one notable feature of the tau-Q.M. is concerned only future-development, inducing the Crossing Rule; the other also inducing Existence of the Chiral-Quark (JP=(1/2)-) in addition to Pauli-Quark (JP=(1/2)+), which is Origin of SU(2)_m-symm., leading to Existence of New-Exotics. 3) Evolved framework of hadron spectroscopy guided by tau-Q.M. is summarized: Especially, "Regge Trajectories", in qqbar meson system are given by $M^2$ vs. $\hat{N}(n,l)$; $M^2=M_{0}^2+N \Omega$ (N=2n+l), Intrinsic spin of Comp. Hadrons J=S, where Orbital l contributes only to N. 4) New Classif. scheme is applied to Phenomenology of Bottomonium System.As a result is shown Remarkable Fact, including a serious Problem in the N.R. scheme, concerned on Spin-Flip Mechanism of Heavy Quarks, seems to disappear in our scheme. This seems to suggest that the phenomenological knowledge,thus far obtained resorting on N.R.scheme, should be reexamined from the covariant one.

Recently published results \citep{kijak2011b} indicated the evidence for a new aspect in radio pulsars spectra. We studied the radio spectrum of PSR B1259-63 in an unique binary with Be star LS 2883 and showed that this pulsar undergoes a spectrum evolution due to orbital motion. We proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution. We considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free-free absorption and cyclotron resonance. According to published results \citep{kijak2011a}, there were found objects with a new type of pulsar radio spectra, called gigahertz-peaked spectra (GPS) pulsars. Most of them were found to exist in very interesting environments. Therefore, it is suggested that the turnover phenomenon is associated with the environment than being related intrinsically to the radio emission mechanism. Having noticed the apparent resemblance between the B1259-63 spectrum and the GPS, we suggested that the same mechanisms should be responsible for both cases. Thus, we believe that this binary system can hold the clue to the understanding of gigahertz-peaked spectra of isolated pulsars. Using the same database we constructed spectra for chosen observing days and obtained different types of spectra. Comparing to current classification of pulsar spectra, there occurs a suggestion that the appearance of various spectra shapes, different from a simple power law which is typical for radio pulsars, is possibly caused by environmental conditions around neutron stars.

Recently published results \citep{kijak2011b} indicated the evidence for a new aspect in radio pulsars spectra. We studied the radio spectrum of PSR B1259-63 in an unique binary with Be star LS 2883 and showed that this pulsar undergoes a spectrum evolution due to orbital motion. We proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution. We considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free-free absorption and cyclotron resonance. According to published results \citep{kijak2011a}, there were found objects with a new type of pulsar radio spectra, called gigahertz-peaked spectra (GPS) pulsars. Most of them were found to exist in very interesting environments. Therefore, it is suggested that the turnover phenomenon is associated with the environment than being related intrinsically to the radio emission mechanism. Having noticed the apparent resemblance between the B1259-63 spectrum and the GPS, we suggested that the same mechanisms should be responsible for both cases. Thus, we believe that this binary system can hold the clue to the understanding of gigahertz-peaked spectra of isolated pulsars. Using the same database we constructed spectra for chosen observing days and obtained different types of spectra. Comparing to current classification of pulsar spectra, there occurs a suggestion that the appearance of various spectra shapes, different from a simple power law which is typical for radio pulsars, is possibly caused by environmental conditions around neutron stars.

Recently published results \citep{kijak2011b} indicated the evidence for a new aspect in radio pulsars spectra. We studied the radio spectrum of PSR B1259-63 in an unique binary with Be star LS 2883 and showed that this pulsar undergoes a spectrum evolution due to orbital motion. We proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution. We considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free-free absorption and cyclotron resonance. According to published results \citep{kijak2011a}, there were found objects with a new type of pulsar radio spectra, called gigahertz-peaked spectra (GPS) pulsars. Most of them were found to exist in very interesting environments. Therefore, it is suggested that the turnover phenomenon is associated with the environment than being related intrinsically to the radio emission mechanism. Having noticed the apparent resemblance between the B1259-63 spectrum and the GPS, we suggested that the same mechanisms should be responsible for both cases. Thus, we believe that this binary system can hold the clue to the understanding of gigahertz-peaked spectra of isolated pulsars. Using the same database we constructed spectra for chosen observing days and obtained different types of spectra. Comparing to current classification of pulsar spectra, there occurs a suggestion that the appearance of various spectra shapes, different from a simple power law which is typical for radio pulsars, is possibly caused by environmental conditions around neutron stars.

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

Includes bibliographic references and index

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We introduce a model for simulating mutation of prokaryote DNA sequences. Using that model we can then evaluated traditional techniques like parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for computing phylogenetic relationships. We also use the model to mimic large scale genomic changes, and use this to evaluate multifractal and related information theory techniques which take into account these large changes in determining phylogenetic relationships.

We perform a classification of integrable systems of mixed scalar and vector evolution equations with respect to higher symmetries. We consider polynomial systems that are homogeneous under a suitable weighting of variables. This paper deals with the KdV weighting, the Burgers (or potential KdV or modified KdV) weighting, the Ibragimov-Shabat weighting and two unfamiliar weightings. The case of other weightings will be studied in a subsequent paper. Making an ansatz for undetermined coefficients and using a computer package for solving bilinear algebraic systems, we give the complete lists of 2nd order systems with a 3rd order or a 4th order symmetry and 3rd order systems with a 5th order symmetry. For all but a few systems in the lists, we show that the system (or, at least a subsystem of it) admits either a Lax representation or a linearizing transformation. A thorough comparison with recent work of Foursov and Olver is made.

We perform a classification of integrable systems of mixed scalar and vector evolution equations with respect to higher symmetries. We consider polynomial systems that are homogeneous under a suitable weighting of variables. This paper deals with the KdV weighting, the Burgers (or potential KdV or modified KdV) weighting, the Ibragimov-Shabat weighting and two unfamiliar weightings. The case of other weightings will be studied in a subsequent paper. Making an ansatz for undetermined coefficients and using a computer package for solving bilinear algebraic systems, we give the complete lists of 2nd order systems with a 3rd order or a 4th order symmetry and 3rd order systems with a 5th order symmetry. For all but a few systems in the lists, we show that the system (or, at least a subsystem of it) admits either a Lax representation or a linearizing transformation. A thorough comparison with recent work of Foursov and Olver is made.

In this paper, we consider group classification of local and quasi-local symmetries for a general fourth-order evolution equations in one spatial variable. Following the approach developed by Zhdanov and Lahno, we construct all inequivalent evolution equations belonging to the class under study which admit either semi-simple Lie groups or solvable Lie groups. The obtained lists of invariant equations (up to a local change of variables) contain both the well-known equations and a variety of new ones possessing rich symmetry. Based on the results on the group classification for local symmetries, the group classification for quasi-local symmetries of the equations is also given.

In this paper, we consider group classification of local and quasi-local symmetries for a general fourth-order evolution equations in one spatial variable. Following the approach developed by Zhdanov and Lahno, we construct all inequivalent evolution equations belonging to the class under study which admit either semi-simple Lie groups or solvable Lie groups. The obtained lists of invariant equations (up to a local change of variables) contain both the well-known equations and a variety of new ones possessing rich symmetry. Based on the results on the group classification for local symmetries, the group classification for quasi-local symmetries of the equations is also given.

In this paper, we consider group classification of local and quasi-local symmetries for a general fourth-order evolution equations in one spatial variable. Following the approach developed by Zhdanov and Lahno, we construct all inequivalent evolution equations belonging to the class under study which admit either semi-simple Lie groups or solvable Lie groups. The obtained lists of invariant equations (up to a local change of variables) contain both the well-known equations and a variety of new ones possessing rich symmetry. Based on the results on the group classification for local symmetries, the group classification for quasi-local symmetries of the equations is also given.

In this paper, we consider group classification of local and quasi-local symmetries for a general fourth-order evolution equations in one spatial variable. Following the approach developed by Zhdanov and Lahno, we construct all inequivalent evolution equations belonging to the class under study which admit either semi-simple Lie groups or solvable Lie groups. The obtained lists of invariant equations (up to a local change of variables) contain both the well-known equations and a variety of new ones possessing rich symmetry. Based on the results on the group classification for local symmetries, the group classification for quasi-local symmetries of the equations is also given.