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A study was conducted of presidents and management team members at three Midwestern community colleges to gather information on the effect of presidential style and the effectiveness of leadership teams. In-depth interviews were held with the three presidents and a total of 12 team members; data were collected on the colleges, the participants, and their jobs; and team meetings were observed. The study sought to classify the teams with respect to three basic functions: utilitarian, helping achieve a sense of rationality and maintain control; expressive, reinforcing a sense of connectedness; and cognitive, enlarging the intelligence of individual members to enable the team to act as a creative system. Information was also gathered on the presidents' cognitive frame of reference in terms of four types: bureaucratic, focusing on structure and organization; collegial, focusing on collective action and consensus; political, focusing on mobilizing resource and developing coalitions; and symbolic, focusing on interpreting institutional history and culture. The study found that all three teams were effective in that they performed activities in all three team functions, despite the fact that community colleges are generally bureaucratic and their presidents tend to be externally focused. The study also found that the presidents all used collegial frames of reference, which helps explain the effectiveness of the teams. Contains 74 references. Appendixes provide interview consent forms, forms for collecting demographic data, interview questions, a team observation checklist, and study coding schemes. (BCY)

1Boy Crusoe

By Allan Eric

Also published as" A Yankee Crusoe" . A 15 year old hard working and studious farm boy finds the lure of adventure on the seas as a merchant seaman more than he can resist. This is his story. " I was born in a little town in the State of Maine, near the close of the Civil War. My boyhood life did not differ materially from that of the average farmer's son in the remote country districts of New England--except, perhaps, that I read more and thought more. Hard work on the rugged soil, two terms each year in the little yellow country schoolhouse, a day's fishing now and then filled the early years of my life full to over-flowing. " What he gets is enough excitement and adventure to overflow his wildest dreams. How he experiences disaster and uses his wits and knowledge to overcome every problem makes for a great read. - Summary by Phil Chenevert