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The purpose of this study was to empirically corroborate the hypothesis of Campos and Izard that the organized quality of infant emotion functions as a predominant means of communication during infancy. The study was designed to determine whether 6-month-old infants' facial expressions of emotion "systematically co-occur" with specific behaviors to form coherent affective action configurations. Participants were 50 mother-infant dyads who were videotaped during face-to-face interactions. Infants' facial expressions of emotion were coded using Izard's AFFEX system. Infants' behavior was coded for social engagement, object engagement, signals and solicitations, distress behaviors, and self-comforting. Four affective action configurations were identified. Each was characterized by particular behaviors in association with a particular facial expression. Configurations were coherently organized and significantly different from each other. These results support Campos and Izard's hypothesis. It is suggested that the affective action configurations convey different messages regarding the infants' emotional states and engagement with people and objects. Furthermore, it is suggested that the use of traditional emotional terms to label these affective action configurations may be misleading and limiting. (Author/RH)

1Boy Crusoe

By Allan Eric

Also published as" A Yankee Crusoe" . A 15 year old hard working and studious farm boy finds the lure of adventure on the seas as a merchant seaman more than he can resist. This is his story. " I was born in a little town in the State of Maine, near the close of the Civil War. My boyhood life did not differ materially from that of the average farmer's son in the remote country districts of New England--except, perhaps, that I read more and thought more. Hard work on the rugged soil, two terms each year in the little yellow country schoolhouse, a day's fishing now and then filled the early years of my life full to over-flowing. " What he gets is enough excitement and adventure to overflow his wildest dreams. How he experiences disaster and uses his wits and knowledge to overcome every problem makes for a great read. - Summary by Phil Chenevert