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In an effort to clarify and synthesize recent explanations of underdevelopment and poverty in Central Appalachia, the following three models were explored: (1) the subculture of poverty model (identifies the internal deficiencies of the Southern Appalachian traditional subculture as the source of poverty problems); (2) the regional development model (providing for economic and social overhead capital, training people in skills for new industrial and service jobs, facilitating migration, and promoting private industry via a growth center strategy); (3) the internal colonialism model (identifies the process by which dominant outside industrial interests establish control and continue to prevent autonomous development of the subordinate internal colony). It was concluded that: the three models should be understood as representations of the different dimensions of social existence; the human interest dimensions of mutual understanding, technical control, and emancipation should provide a framework for perceiving cultural adaptation, technical development, and redistribution of power as potentially complimentary aspects of social development; institutions should be analyzed in the context of the competitive, monopolistic, and state sectors of the national economy; class structure should be viewed in its full complexity. (AUTHOR/JC)

1Boy Crusoe

By Allan Eric

Also published as" A Yankee Crusoe" . A 15 year old hard working and studious farm boy finds the lure of adventure on the seas as a merchant seaman more than he can resist. This is his story. " I was born in a little town in the State of Maine, near the close of the Civil War. My boyhood life did not differ materially from that of the average farmer's son in the remote country districts of New England--except, perhaps, that I read more and thought more. Hard work on the rugged soil, two terms each year in the little yellow country schoolhouse, a day's fishing now and then filled the early years of my life full to over-flowing. " What he gets is enough excitement and adventure to overflow his wildest dreams. How he experiences disaster and uses his wits and knowledge to overcome every problem makes for a great read. - Summary by Phil Chenevert