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TRI 2 2017 / 2018

TRI 2 2017 / 2018

Recent research in the software engineering field has produced a number of techniques or rationals for structuring the understanding of systems. Many of these techniques are applicable to the design of embedded computer systems and produce designs whose structures are easily expressible in the Ada language. The Ada language has a structure which allows the design of systems to be expressed independently of its implementation and thus can be a good system design language for use with these techniques. This paper describes the software design problem in the development of embedded computer systems and shows how the Ada language can be used as a system design language as well as a system implementation language to alleviate these problems. The essential point of this paper is that using Ada as a system design language encourages the designer to use the recently developed techniques and theory to develop better structures for their systems and then implement the systems in the same language thus preserving that structure in the product. (Author)

The difficulty of embedded stem co-design is increasing rapidly due to the increasing complexity of individual parts, the variety of parts available and pressure to use multiple processors to meet performance criteria. Validation tools should contain several features in order to keep up with this trend, including the ability to dynamically change detail levels, built in protection for intellectual property, and support for gradual migration of functionality from a simulation environment to the real hardware. In this paper, we present our approach to the problem which includes a geographically distributed co-simulation framework. This framework is a system of nodes such that each can include either portions of the simulator or real hardware. In support of this, the framework includes a mechanism for maintaining consistent versions of virtual time.

Design of Embedded Knowledge Service Interactive System in University Library Based on MOOC Data Stream Retrieval

Design of Embedded Knowledge Service Interactive System in University Library Based on MOOC Data Stream Retrieval

This thesis details the engineering design of a personal, computer-based system. which is intended to support a hands-eyes-ears-free Personal Navigational and Communication System (PNCS). This computer-based system is designed to be used with COTS devices, such as, (1) a GPS receiver, (2) a laptop or desktop computer, (3) a rechargeable, long-life battery pack, and (4) a wearable tactile communications vest. The vest is currently under development by the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab (NAMRL) and together with this computer-based system can provide a complete hands-free personal navigational and communication system. The intent of the navigation system is to satisfy both commercial and milita uses for land-based edestrian and vehicular travel.

The current design methodologies are no longer relevant due to the complex nature of embedded products and the need for quick development. The relevance of the present state of embedded system technology is highlighted, emphasizing the need to resolve design problems, implement optimization techniques, and create development processes for embedded systems. We fully focus on the safety and security of your design when we are solving a problem, especially for embedded systems applications that are critical to mission success. A strong understanding of embedded system hardware and software design is necessary in order to implement the strategies and methodologies of embedded system development. This is due to the fact that embedded systems comprise both software and hardware. These kinds of constraints include things like time constraints that are applied in real time, interactive designs, validation, and extensive testing.

The research effort emphasized system identification, decentralized control design, and their applications to smart structures and flexible pointing systems. The research effort had both theoretical and experimental ingredients. On the theoretical side, new system identification techniques for nonrational systems, which may be either minimum phase or nonminimum phase, were developed. The identification techniques complemented our efforts on theoretical modeling of systems with embedded and/or surface mounted smart materials. The advocated control strategies are decentralized and are robust to structured and unstructured perturbations of the system dynamics. This provides local decision making through the smart structures when multiple sensors and actuators are present. On the experimental side, we fabricated several smart composite tubes with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. One such tube (with surface mounted piezoceramic sensors and actuators) was used to replace part of the existing weapon pointing setup, namely ATB-1000, at the Army Research Laboratory at Picatinny Arsenal. Furthermore, we have developed similar experimental setups including a two-link flexible arm with piezoelectric sensors and actuators at the Control/Robotics Research Laboratory (CRRL) at Polytechnic.

Embedded System Design

TRI 2 2018/2019

TRI 2 2018/2019

In recent days, world population is incredibly growing, so it is an essential need to develop the agriculture. Oryza sativa L (Paddy) and Triticum aestivum (Wheat) are the most important food crops in India. This proposed research work introduces a new technology for paddy and wheat cultivation in agriculture. The objectives of proposed research are to monitor and control the plant soil moisture sensor and water level sensor and also to identify the diseases are occurred in Paddy and Wheat. The values detected by sensors and it are transmitted through Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for further controlling process. Plant cultivation is always under surveillance using wireless IP camera. The diseases are identified using LabVIEW image processing techniques such as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. In this paper, texture features are extracted using GLCM and Mean, Standard deviation, Kurtosis and Skewness. K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (GRBF) are used for classifications. The results obtained by WSN and identified diseases from SVM (GRBF) and KNN are sent to the concerned person using GSM and E-MAIL using Ethernet techniques. This idea saves a lot of man power, increase quality with quantity and feasible for application in precision agriculture. This Conference ICIDRET (International Conference on Inter Disciplinary Research in Engineering and Technology 2015) is a part of Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties - International lead by President Anbuoli Parthasarathy and Secretary Kokula Krishna Hari Kunasekaran. Editor-in-Chief : SKokula Krishna Hari K. For information visit www.icidret.in

Constantine's structured design methodology is applied to a real-time (flight) software program. A modified finite-state technique is successfully applied to an operational flight program (OFP) mainloop. Transform and transaction analysis are successfully applied to mainloop tasks. Each technique is demonstrated to show avionics software engineers/contract monitors 'how to get started' on a design. Two hypothetical software modifications illustrate advantages of structured design over the current software implementation. Short and long term effects of structured designed OFPs are briefly described. An OFP familiarization and design methodology is developed for avionics software engineers/contract monitors.

Constantine's structured design methodology is applied to a real-time (flight) software program. A modified finite-state technique is successfully applied to an operational flight program (OFP) mainloop. Transform and transaction analysis are successfully applied to mainloop tasks. Each technique is demonstrated to show avionics software engineers/contract monitors 'how to get started' on a design. Two hypothetical software modifications illustrate advantages of structured design over the current software implementation. Short and long term effects of structured designed OFPs are briefly described. An OFP familiarization and design methodology is developed for avionics software engineers/contract monitors.

Thesis advisor: Fouts, Douglas J

Thesis advisor: Fouts, Douglas J

This research note discusses the lessons learned from the application of existing embedded training (ET) design guidelines to an emerging system. The system to which the guidelines were applied was the All Source Analysis System/ Enemy Situation Correlation Element (ASAS/ENSCE). The note presents the lessons learned from three phases of the project: task analysis, selection of ET requirements, and development of a training design concept. In addition to the lessons learned, recommendations for the modifications of the guidelines are presented.

This thesis details the engineering design of a personal, computer- based system. which is intended to support a hands-eyes-ears-free Personal Navigational and Communication System (PNCS). This computer-based system is designed to be used with COTS devices, such as, (1) a GPS receiver, (2) a laptop or desktop computer, (3) a rechargeable, long-life battery pack, and (4) a wearable tactile communications vest. The vest is currently under development by the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab (NAMRL) and together with this computer-based system can provide a complete hands-free personal navigational and communication system. The intent of the navigation system is to satisfy both commercial and milita uses for land-based edestrian and vehicular travel

CNC technology has not only brought innovation to the traditional manufacturing industry, but also promoted the rapid development of high-technology industry. The core of computer numerical control technology is the CNC system. The high-end CNC system is very expensive, and the low-end market capacity is very big; therefore, an embedded highly cost-effective low-end embedded CNC system is designed to develop. This paper introduces the characteristics of STM32F407 controller. It proposes a new embedded CNC system based on this processor. It analyses hardware architecture, software design method and achieved function of this CNC system. The system has conducted experiments testing and engineering applications, and the results showed that the achieved function is complete correct, the speed and accuracy has met the requirements, high efficiency has achieved. And it has a much lower cost, therefore it got a certain application in practice and actual production.

CNC technology has not only brought innovation to the traditional manufacturing industry, but also promoted the rapid development of high-technology industry. The core of computer numerical control technology is the CNC system. The high-end CNC system is very expensive, and the low-end market capacity is very big; therefore, an embedded highly cost-effective low-end embedded CNC system is designed to develop. This paper introduces the characteristics of STM32F407 controller. It proposes a new embedded CNC system based on this processor. It analyses hardware architecture, software design method and achieved function of this CNC system. The system has conducted experiments testing and engineering applications, and the results showed that the achieved function is complete correct, the speed and accuracy has met the requirements, high efficiency has achieved. And it has a much lower cost, therefore it got a certain application in practice and actual production.

A unique feature of this open access textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This fourth edition has been updated and revised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of things (IoT), the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.

Embedded and real time system

Embedded and real time system

Embedded and real time system

Embedded and real time system

Embedded and real time system

Embedded and real time system

In this paper, using of automotive use cases as benchmarks for real-time system design has been proposed. The use cases are described in a format supported by AMALTHEA platform, which is a model based open source development environment for automotive multi-core systems. An example of a simple Electronic Control Unit has been analysed and presented with enough details to reconstruct this system in any format. For researchers willing to use AMALTHEA file format directly, an appropriate parser has been developed and offered. An example of applying this parser and benchmark for optimising makespan while not violating the timing constraints by allocating functionality to different Network on Chip resource is demonstrated.

In this paper, using of automotive use cases as benchmarks for real-time system design has been proposed. The use cases are described in a format supported by AMALTHEA platform, which is a model based open source development environment for automotive multi-core systems. An example of a simple Electronic Control Unit has been analysed and presented with enough details to reconstruct this system in any format. For researchers willing to use AMALTHEA file format directly, an appropriate parser has been developed and offered. An example of applying this parser and benchmark for optimising makespan while not violating the timing constraints by allocating functionality to different Network on Chip resource is demonstrated.

In this paper, using of automotive use cases as benchmarks for real-time system design has been proposed. The use cases are described in a format supported by AMALTHEA platform, which is a model based open source development environment for automotive multi-core systems. An example of a simple Electronic Control Unit has been analysed and presented with enough details to reconstruct this system in any format. For researchers willing to use AMALTHEA file format directly, an appropriate parser has been developed and offered. An example of applying this parser and benchmark for optimising makespan while not violating the timing constraints by allocating functionality to different Network on Chip resource is demonstrated.

Cryptographic embedded systems are used to safeguard both access to classified data and controls for external subsystems. The assurance required for these systems extends beyond simply denying access to unauthorized users, hardware failures must not lead to the inadvertent activation of protected subcomponents or allow access to classified data. As more systems are transitioning from fixed hardware and state machine designs, for which more formalized failure type and rate calculations exist, there is an increasing need for this level of assurance for software-based processor systems in the absence of equivalent failure type and rate calculations for software. This paper presents a method to guarantee to a quantifiable level of confidence that external components are driven if-and-only-if an authenticated request is received. This is accomplished through the use of software algorithms, data storage formats, and analyzable comparator hardware detection and blocking logic.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

The focus of this project was on design methodology for complex real time, reactive systems where a variety of design methodologies and implementation technologies must be combined. Design methodologies are encapsulated in one or more models of computation, while implementation technologies are implemented as synthesis tools. Applications that use more than one model of computation and/or more than one synthesis tool are said to be heterogeneous. Hardware/software co-design is one example of such heterogeneous design.

In real time system, every second takes into count as any extra delay could cause critical consequences. Nowadays, almost every system involving multiple data processing. To handle multiple data at the same time, spatial parallelism is required to enhance system performance and provide multitasking feature. Currently, frequency jamming system only can jam one signal at a time. When it comes to missile jamming, the delaying in processing the frequency could cause serious impact as there will be multiple missiles launched to hit a target. These missiles just need few seconds to hit the target within range. Laser missile jammer is designed, which can jam multiple missiles at a time from different directions. The potentials of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and spatial parallelism is used in this system, to enhance the performance of the system by increasing operating frequency, system throughput, decreasing system cost, power consumption of the system, and get lower complexity. Quartus II version 14.1 is used in this project as a development CAD tool, the entire system implemented on FPGA DE1-SoC board. Also, other components such as Laser Detector, Laser Transmitter, and monitoring screen is integrated with the board. A signal emulator module was designed, to generate signals for on-board self-testing purpose, this system can detect the frequency of laser missile and create an over-powered signal with similar frequency to jam the missile(s) through diffused plates. All the results are shown on control display. This system had achieved a better throughput and lower complexity in terms of less resource usage (3153 Logic Elements) and high operating frequency (up to 1.6 GHz). 

Cruise control system is also known as speed control which use to take over the car from the driver and stabilize the car with the speed had been set. It is one of the important elements in the intelligent vehicles. Currently, driver has to accelerate the car until certain speed in order to activate cruise control system. After it had been activated, driver still needs to put on attention to decelerate the car when there is another one in front and possibility to get accident is high. To overcome this problem and enhance current cruise system, this project has two laser-based working modes. First one is normal mode that following the same current cruise system procedure. Second is pre-set mode that allow driver to enter required speed without necessity to use petrol pedal. Both modes will use laser transceivers to add on perception feature to cruise control system. The system is designed and implemented using FPGA as main processing technology. Also, Quartus II 13.0 SP is used and DE0-Nano board is utilized as project platform. The input management is implemented to handle all sensors data and feed main processing unit with proper data stream. The result is efficient in term of system response, accurate cruise control and trustable design as well. The implement system is achieved up to 1.3GHz and 1,337 logic elements are consumed.

An automatic car parking system using FPGA based on emergency conditions was proposed to detect the driver’s condition and perform specific tasks such as warn the drivers and automatic parking depends on the behavior of the driver. Long journey driving on highway will lead loss of concentration of driver quickly and also cause the driver doze off. Based on statistics, driver tends to fall asleep more on high-speed, long, boring highway. Most crashes occur between 4.00a.m-6.00a.m and midnight 12.00a.m till 2.00a.m. Besides, heart attack during driving will also harm to other road users. The risk of accident will increase due to these conditions. In this paper, automatic car parking system using FPGA based on emergency conditions was proposed to detect the driver’s condition and perform specific tasks such as warn the drivers and automatic parking depends on the behavior of the driver. At the same times, this system can avoid all the obstacles and cars on the road from time to time. Input data management unit was designed as control unit for input data sensors of input and output control. Main processing was designed as speed controller and also the steering controller. Speed controller used to control the speed of vehicle while driving on the road by detecting the obstacles. Steering controller was designed to control automatic car parking and also assisted with sensors around the vehicles. Sensors were tested with many materials so that the system can flexible with any conditions. The total of 1083 logic elements and 676 registers being used in this project and up to 1.6GHz as operating frequency. The complete design is able to avoid obstacles surrounding of host vehicles and parked at a safe area automatically after heart attack of driver detected. Then, GSM send GPS coordination to hospital.

Embedded System Design Embedded Systems Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems, and the Internet of Things

Office automation is the process using machines with the help of embedded computing perform the office activities and its tools and applications. The office automated using computer-aided processing stored, visual and audio data to simplify, improve, and automate the power saving and time management of the organization. A very important component of office automation concerns the automation of employee centred activities such as authentication, automatic alerting of appointments and automatic powering on/off personal computer. The employee image is captured using Java media framework, attendance records for all employees is gathered and processed automatically, and they can be accessed from the database on a monthly or weekly basis. The various software and hardware components of the system were developed and integrated to form the Exypnos Office System and validated on real life scenarios. Java proved to be a versatile platform for implementing a project of this nature with diverse requirements. Web camera interfacing and image capturing are implemented in the Java environment with the help of Java media framework (JMF). Java short message service (SMS) application programming interface (API) and Bluetooth technology is used for sending schedules through SMS. Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems use many different frequencies, but the most common and widely used and supported by our reader is 125 kHz. Office automation systems have more benefits to an organization. The project is implemented on MS Windows platform and in future can be implemented in Linux platform.