Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

Based on the results of the conditions preregistered at https://osf.io/4ujwn and https://osf.io/jprg7, we added a fourth condition to our study to disentangle whether the observed effects (i.e., more accurate imitation when objects and actions were labeled, irrespective of the meaningfulness of the labels) were due to labeling the objects (e.g., "Löki/Tanu") or the actions (e.g., "eel fapsen/lupp sillen" or "pulling out/pushing in"). To isolate this influence, in the fourth condition we labeled the actions but not the objects (e.g., "With this, I am pulling out/pushing in.").

Based on the results of our first two conditions (unspecific verbal cue and specific verbal cue, registered on August 15, 2019, osf.io/4ujwn), we will add a third condition to answer the question whether the meaningful semantic content (pushing in/pulling out) helped infants in learning the actions or whether this effect could be attributed to the fact that the verbal information was different for the two actions in the specific condition but did not differ in the unspecific condition. For this purpose, we plan to add a condition that uses novel names for the objects (Tanu/Löki) but also for the actions (lupp sillen / eel fapsen).