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A model for the optimization of simulation-based training systems was developed using a systematic, top-down design procedure. The model consists of five tools that address the following problems: (a) determining which tasks should be trained by part-mission devices, full-mission simulators, or actual equipment; (b) specifying instructional features needed to train a set of tasks efficiently; (c) specifying the levels of fidelity that should be provided along several fidelity dimensions in order to meet task training requirements and satisfy cost limits; (d) determining the family of training devices that can train all required tasks at minimum cost; and (e) determining the optimal allocation of training time to training devices, given constraints on device use. The tools share common data on task requirements, training device features, and costs. A prototype decision support system was developed, and a formative evaluation was conducted. The model was demonstrated on Army rotary-wing aviation tasks, and specifications for application to armor maintenance were deployed. The report describes the model using the IDEFO (Integrated Computer- Aided Manufacturing Definition) system modeling language.