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This project examines and assesses the extent to which U.S. military policy has effectively interpreted and responded to the military implications of Soviet weapons innovations. It focuses on the contributions of Soviet weapons innovations to military mission performance, and also examines the ability of the Soviet weapons innovation process to offer a militarily significant breakout option. Three related lines of inquiry were pursued. First, we examined the Soviet approach to weapons innovation as it is portrayed in their force planning and weapons evaluation literature. Next we analyzed the Soviet approach to measuring the relative contributions of weapons innovation efforts towards improving mission capabilities; and third, we assessed the degree to which the Soviets have the capacity for 'breakout' -- significantly improving their military capabilities in a short period of time -- through weapons innovation. Part I addressed one aspect of the second task. In part II we take a closer look at Soviet mathematical modeling related to notions of strategic technology innovation and strategic force development from their efforts to measure the nuclear balance. Keywords: Mathematical models; Weapon system effectiveness; Mission profiles; Innovations; Foreign technology.