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Recent studies of transnational migrant practices have uncovered how migrants influence democratic participation in their homelands through the remittance of both money and newfound ideas about democracy from afar or through return. However, relative to the fast-growing literature on financial remittances, there is still little comparative knowledge of the scope of social remittances across different transnational fields, as well as which factors may facilitate or hinder their diffusion in the homeland. The overall motivation of this survey experiment is that while financial remittances could be expected to have a consistent influence on households regardless of who is the remitter, then it is pertinent to research the extent to which the weight and influence of social remittances depend on the personal characteristics and particular migration experience of the migrant/returnee. We therefore leave aside the destination effect and center on the extent to which individual level characteristics of the remitter might influence their influence from afar and upon return. A further motivation is that the preliminary analysis of our recent research reveals that it is difficult to trace the perceptions of social remittances through survey questions because people are reluctant to reveal the scope, content and influence of conversations with family abroad or who has recently returned.

Existing literature has documented the role that financial and social remittances play in influencing political perception and participation. However, the focus has so far been either on financial remittances only, or remittances in general, without being able to distinguish the potentially separate impacts that each type may bring about. While the theoretical literature has clearly distinguished between the two types of remittances (financial and social), the empirical literature has been lacking in this regard. Studies using observational data are unable to do so, since typical surveys do not ask about social remittances, or if they do, both types of remittances usually go together. Given the increasing importance that social remittances have received in the literature, we use a survey experiment to quantify the individual effects of financial and social remittances on political perception. In this project, we aim to disentangle the role of financial and social remittances in changing people's perceptions towards migration, migrants and their role in society.

Recent studies of transnational migrant practices have uncovered how migrants influence democratic participation in their homelands through the remittance of both money and newfound ideas about democracy from afar or through return. The exchange of votes for material goods is a plausible occurrence within democracies, electoral autocracies and hybrid regimes. Existing studies of the relationship between remittances and vote-buying have focused on financial remittances rather than social remittances and with somewhat inconclusive findings. The overall motivation of this survey experiment is that asking about vote buying is tricky, given the sensitivity of the topic. We therefore employ a list experiment in order to address more unbiased citizens’ opinions and test the relationship between direct and indirect questioning and in continuation the influence of the reception of financial and social remittances on vote-buying mechanisms (targeting and effectiveness).

We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to better explain the movement of atomic\nhydrogen in amorphous silica and quantify the planetary science implications of these findings.\nPrevious MD simulations had a large range of predicted values and did not agree well with\nexperiment. Our simulations sample atomic motion for a longer duration and consider a wider\nrange of temperatures than previous simulations. In contrast to constant atomic motion, the\nhydrogen atoms were shown to undergo random intermittent jumps from one oxygen atom to\nanother, the number of which increase with temperature. Predicted diffusion coefficients had a\nbetter agreement to experimental values than previous MD simulations, suggesting the\nimportance of longer simulation durations for better statistics. The low activation energy and\njumps observed at lunar temperatures do not support the theory of diurnal variations in OH\ncontent for an undamaged amorphous silica surface. Instead, we conclude that energetic solar\nwind impacts can induce two competing atomic hydrogen motion processes in the exposed\nsurface: A prompt effect that induces jumps in the temperature spike volume, but also a long term\neffect of damage in the structure that traps atomic hydrogen. We then use SDTrimSP to\nquantify the damage created during exposure and MD to demonstrate the H retention and\ntrapping near these defects. Damage was shown to be dependent on impact energy, with\ndefects easily retaining implanted hydrogen. MD results like those presented herein on\nunweathered surfaces are therefore most relevant to magnetic anomalies. As a result, we\ndemonstrate the importance of lunar volatile models to account for the damage state of the\nsubstrate when modelling hydrogen diffusion, retention, and subsequent OH/water production.

The goal of the research program described herein was to provide insight into the identity and properties of point defects in semiconductors. Particular emphasis was devoted to problems involving microscopic identification, metastable properties, defect migration, and diffusion of point defects in semiconductors. Our approach was to apply atomistic thermodynamic theory, Monte CArlo simulation, and experimental analysis to elucidate the nature and properties of semiconductor defects. Significant progress has been made in the following seven areas: 1) recombination enhanced vacancy migration in silicon, 2) Monte Carlo simulation of diffusion in semiconductors, 3) phosphorous vacancy nearest-neighbor hopping in InP, 4) entropy of migration for atomic hopping, 5) EL2/EL0 identification in GaAs, 6) characterization and identification of DX in A1GaAs, and 7) temperature dependence of band offsets

Recent studies of transnational migrant practices have uncovered how migrants influence democratic participation in their homelands through the remittance of both money and newfound ideas about democracy from afar or through return. However, despite the centrality of topics of corruption in the migration and democracy debate, we still have relatively scarce understanding of the impact of international migration on attitudes to corruption at the political level in migrant countries of origin. Since corruption may be a sensible topic in developing democracies, we conduct a List experiment which allows us to address unbiased citizens’ opinions. This approach provides a control for response bias, and given the random assignment of respondents, we control for endogeneity problems at some point. In this experiment we therefore test the relationship between direct and indirect questioning and relate this to the impact of financial and social remittances as well as socio-demographic characteristics.

Fundamental progress is made in the identification of point defect complexes in semiconductors (particularly EL2 and ELO in GaAs), the elucidation of the mechanisms by which they migrate (particularly re vacancy nearest neighbor hopping in compound semiconductors and recombination enhanced migration of vacancies in Si), and the development of an efficient means to simulate their detailed, and very complicated, diffusion and inter-reaction on a microcomputer using an innovative (and evidently unique) Monte Carlo method. Some effort has also recently gone into the elucidation of the temperature dependence of band off sets at heterojunctions, particularly GaAs-AlAs and HgTe-CdTe. Keywords: Cadmium telluride; Mercury telluride; Gallium arsenide; Aluminum arsenide.

We probe a ground-state superposition that produces a quantum beat in the intensity correlation of a two-mode cavity QED system. We mix drive with scattered light from an atomic beam traversing the cavity, and effectively measure the interference between the drive and the light from the atom. When a photon escapes the cavity, and upon detection, it triggers our feedback which modulates the drive at the same beat frequency but opposite phase for a given time window. This results in a partial interruption of the beat oscillation in the correlation function, that then returns to oscillate.