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The registered study is part of the COVID-19 Follow-Up Substudy of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Our aim is to study physiological and psychological distress responses to the Covid-19 epidemic in the participating families of the longitudinal cohort study.

Natrol DHEA 50 mg (60 Tablets) is a dietary supplement designed to support hormone balance, healthy aging, and overall wellness. DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a naturally occurring hormone that declines with age. Supplementing with DHEA may help maintain energy levels, mood stability, and hormonal equilibrium. Each tablet delivers 50 mg of high-quality DHEA and is 100% vegetarian. The product is free from artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, and common allergens like dairy, soy, and gluten. Ideal for adults seeking hormonal support, this supplement should be used with caution and under medical supervision, especially for those with health conditions or taking medications.

Natrol DHEA 50 mg (60 Tablets) is a dietary supplement designed to support hormone balance, healthy aging, and overall wellness. DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a naturally occurring hormone that declines with age. Supplementing with DHEA may help maintain energy levels, mood stability, and hormonal equilibrium. Each tablet delivers 50 mg of high-quality DHEA and is 100% vegetarian. The product is free from artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, and common allergens like dairy, soy, and gluten. Ideal for adults seeking hormonal support, this supplement should be used with caution and under medical supervision, especially for those with health conditions or taking medications.

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This article is from Journal of Biomedical Science , volume 20 . Abstract Infertility, spontaneous abortion and conception of trisomic offspring increase exponentially with age in mammals but in women there is an apparent acceleration in the rate from about age 37. The problems mostly commonly occur when the ovarian pool of follicles is depleted to a critical level with age but are also found in low follicular reserve of other etiologies. Since recent clinical studies have indicated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation may reverse the problem of oocyte quality, this review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to find an explanation of why this is effective?In affected ovaries, oxygenation of follicular fluid is low, ultrastructural disturbances especially of mitochondria, occur in granulosa cells and oocytes, and considerable disturbances of meiosis occur. There is, however, no evidence to date that primordial follicles are compromised. In females with normal fertility, pre-antral ovarian theca cells respond to stimulation by inhibin B to provide androgen-based support for the developing follicle. With depletion of follicle numbers, inhibin B is reduced with consequent reduction in theca DHEA. Theca cells are the sole ovarian site of synthesis of DHEA, which is both a precursor of androstenedione and an essential ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), the key promoter of genes affecting fatty acid metabolism and fat transport and genes critical to mitochondrial function. As well as inducing a plethora of deleterious changes in follicular cytoplasmic structure and function, the omega 9 palmitate/oleate ratio is increased by lowered activity of PPARα. This provides conditions for increased ceramide synthesis and follicular loss through ceramide-induced apoptosis is accelerated.In humans critical theca DHEA synthesis occurs at about 70 days prior to ovulation thus effective supplementation needs to be undertaken about four months prior to intended conception; timing which is also suggested by successful interventions to date. In humans and primates that undergo adrenarche, the adrenal zona reticularis (ZR) is the major site of DHEA production, however this is also reduced with age. Concomitant loss in function of the ZR might account for the acceleration in the rate of aging seen in humans in the late thirties’ age group.

Mark L. Gordon, MD speaks on the Human Growth Hormone, Testosterone, Estrogen, and DHEA at the 16th annual A4M conference in Orlando, Florida. This is only a nine to ten minute video clip. Item #A4M081WSatBrk1-1

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-202) and index

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Peak bone mass is achieved during young adulthood, accompanying marked rises in gonadal and adrenal steroids E.G., DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULPHATE, (DHEAS) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1). In these studies, we will test the hypothesis that DHEA increases bone mass through anabolic (e.g.,IGF-1), and antiosteolytic (e.g., interleukins) mechanisms as follows: *Specific Aim I--to measure the effects of DHEA on bone and the regulation of androgens, lGF-1, and cytokines in anorexic women who have increased fracture risk. Data in 36 women enrolled in year 1 showed subnormal serum levels of DHEAS, lGF-I, and bone formation markers, and elevated urinary bone resorption markers. Low levels of DHEA-S were associated with elevated bone resorption markers. * Specific Aim II--to measure the effects of DHEA on bone, cytokines, and growth factors in women with accelerated bone loss from treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH); assays are being pooled for measurement in subsequent years. * Specific Aim III-to determine whether cytokine production and/or osteoclastogenesis is downregulated by DHEA and/or gonadal steroids. The studies from human marrow cultures revealed that testosterone and DHEA suppress production of lL-6. These clinical and basic studies will provide new information on the mechanisms whereby DHEA and sex steroids affect bone.

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This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 12 . Abstract Background: In various animal models androgens have been demonstrated to enhance follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity on granulosa cells during small growing follicle stages. To assess whether similar synergism may also exist in humans we investigated women on androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA) supplementation with varying concomitant FSH exposure. Methods: In a case controlled cohort study we determine if time interval between IVF cycles of IVF treatment with FSH had an effect on ovarian response to ovulation induction in women supplemented with DHEA. Among 85 women with known low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR), supplemented with DHEA, and undergoing at least 3 consecutive IVF cycles, 68 demonstrated short ( = 120 days) intervals between repeated cycles and, therefore, were considered to demonstrate inconsistent FSH exposure. Trends in oocyte yields were compared between these groups, utilizing mixed model repeated measures ANOVA, adjusted for initial age and FSH dose. Results: Only women in Group I demonstrated a linear increase in oocyte yields across their three cycles of treatments (F = 7.92; df 1, 68.6; p = 0.017). Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant interaction between the two patient groups and cycle number for retrieved oocytes (F = 6.32, df = 2, 85.9, p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study offers preliminary confirmatory evidence that repeated short interval exposure to androgens in combination with FSH improves human FOR. A higher level of evidence will require prospectively randomized studies.

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This article is from Safety and Health at Work , volume 2 . Abstract Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

This article is from Safety and Health at Work , volume 2 . Abstract Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

This article is from Safety and Health at Work , volume 2 . Abstract Objectives: The questionnaire of occupational stress index (OSI) has been popular in the workplace, and it has been tailored for bus drivers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, its outcomes for participants are based on self-evaluations, thus validation by their physiological stress biomarker is warranted and this is the main goal of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study of sixty-three city bus drivers and fifty-four supporting staffs for comparison was conducted. Questionnaire surveys, 24-hour urine cortisol testing, and blood draws for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) testing were performed. The measured concentrations of these biological measures were logarithmically transformed before the statistical analysis where various scores of stressor factors, moderators, and stress effects of each OSI domain were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression models. Results: For drivers, the elevated 24-hour urine cortisol level was associated with a worker's relationship with their supervisor and any life change events in the most recent 3 months. The DHEA-S level was higher in drivers of younger age as well as drivers with more concerns relating to their salary and bonuses. Non-drivers showed no association between any stressor or satisfaction and urine cortisol and blood DHEA-S levels. Conclusion: Measurements of biomarkers may offer additional stress evaluations with OSI questionnaires for bus drivers. Increased DHEA-S and cortisol levels may result from stressors like income security. Prevention efforts towards occupational stress and life events and health promotional efforts for aged driver were important anti-stress remedies.

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Natrol DHEA Mood & Stress 25 mg is a dietary supplement formulated to help support hormone balance and promote a healthy mood, especially as DHEA levels naturally decline with age. Each capsule delivers 25 mg of DHEA, designed to support overall health, emotional well-being, and stress management. For optimal results, take one capsule daily with food. Each bottle contains 90 easy-to-take capsules, making it a convenient addition to your daily wellness routine.

Coleccion Wetgeving / Coleccion Publicacion di Gobierno , Biblioteca Nacional Aruba Landsverordeningen (wetten) > 07. Openbare gezondheid > 07.01. Algemene gezondheidszorg* Titel: 07.01AB11.019 MR. t.u.v. artt. 1, onderdeel d, ten 4° jo. 2, 1ste lid (aanwijzing ephedrine, Sint-Jans kruid, melatonine en DHEA/DHEA-S zowel als geneesmiddel als voor ander dan een geneeskundig doel) Vindplaats: AB 2011 no. 19 Uitgever: DWJZ - Directie Wetgeving en Juridische Zaken

This article is from Nutrition & Metabolism , volume 9 . Abstract Background: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is precursor of sex steroid hormone. We demonstrated that acute DHEA injection to type 1 diabetes model rats induced improvement of hyperglycemia. However, the effect of the combination of DHEA administration and exercise training on insulin resistance is still unclear. This study was undertaken to determine whether 6-weeks of DHEA administration and/or exercise training improve insulin resistance in obese male rats. Methods: After 14 weeks of a high-sucrose diet, obese male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to one of four groups: control, DHEA administration, exercise training, and a combination of DHEA administration and exercise training (n = 10 each group). Results: After 6-weeks of DHEA administration and/or exercise training, rats in the combination group weighed significantly less and had lower serum insulin levels than rats in the other groups. Moreover, the rats treated with DHEA alone or DHEA and exercise had significantly lower fasting glucose levels (combination, 84 ± 6.5 mg/dL; DHEA, 102 ± 9.5 mg/dL; control, 148 ± 10.5 mg/dL). In addition, insulin sensitivity check index showed significant improvements in the combination group (combination, 0.347 ± 0.11; exercise, 0.337 ± 0.16%; DHEA, 0.331 ± 0.14; control, 0.308 ± 0.12). Muscular DHEA and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the combination group, and closely correlated with the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (DHEA: r = 0.71, p 

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http://bit.ly/drclarkthyroid Hashimoto's patients suffer three main types of hair loss. In part three, Dr. Clark explains what androgenic alopecia means, how Hashimoto's causes it...and what to do if YOU have it. Hashimoto's Low Thyroid/Hypothyroid Symptoms (even if you're taking medication and even if your labs look 'normal'). • Fatigue • Hair loss • Dry Skin • Constipation • Depression and Anxiety • Brain Fog • Weight Gain • Joint and Muscle Pain • Sleep Problems 00:00 - Intro 00:26 - What are androgens? 00:38 - Definition of hair loss 01:21 - How high androgens cause hair loss 01:36 - Female Pattern Hair Loss - scalp locations 02:20 - Connection between Hashimoto's and Androgens 03:08 - Many PCOS patients have Hashimoto's 03:25 - How Hashimoto's causes Insulin Resistance 04:11 - These sabotage insulin receptors 04:20 - My Hashimoto's have THIS in common 04:45 - Hashimoto's-insulin resistance-androgens-hair loss 05:06 - What to do about androgenic alopecia 05:50 - MUST analyze your immune system 06:07 - Choose a doctor who knows THIS 07:11 - Bottom line: what androgenic alopecia means ▶︎ SUBSCRIBE for new videos: https://youtube.com/c/DrDavidJClarkDC Social: http://bit.ly/drclarkfacebook http://bit.ly/drclarktwitter ★ New uploads on "Neuro-Metabolic Mondays" and "Thyroid Thursdays" I made this channel because millions of people are suffering with chronic neurological and metabolic problems like autoimmune conditions, diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's, and vertigo/dizziness/balance problems. These men, women and children need someone they can trust to keep up to date with current research and scientific findings...and make this complex information easy to understand and use. You can expect videos covering these topics (among others): • Hashimoto's and Low Thyroid/Hypothyroidism • Autoimmune conditions (ANA antibodies, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease) • Long COVID, Post COVID Autoimmunity • Neurodevelopmental Problems (Autism Spectrum Disorders, Seizures) • Vertigo, Meniere's Disease and other vestibular, dizziness and balance problem • Neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease) • Celiac Disease, Gluten Sensitivity, Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Dr. David Clark, DC Fellow American College of Functional Neurology Fellow American College of Clinical Neurochemistry & Nutrition Fellow American Board of Brain Injury & Rehabilitation Diplomate American Chiropractic Neurology Board Fellow American Board of Vestibular Rehab Vestibular Rehab Specialist (ACNB) 919-401-0444 6015 Fayetteville Rd Ste 111 Durham, NC 27713

This article is from Microbial Cell Factories , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Steroids are lipophilic compounds with a gonane skeleton and play an important role in higher organisms. Due to different functionalizations - mainly hydroxylations - at the steroid molecule, they vary highly in their mode of action. The pharmaceutical industry is, therefore, interested in hydroxysteroids as therapeutic agents. The insertion of hydroxyl groups into a steroid core, however, is hardly accomplishable by classical chemical means; that is because microbial steroid hydroxylations are investigated and applied since decades. CYP106A2 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368, which was first described in the late 1970s and which is capable to hydroxylate a variety of 3-oxo-delta4 steroids at position 15beta. CYP106A2 is a soluble protein, easy to express and to purify in high amounts, which makes this enzyme an interesting target for biotechnological purposes. Results: In this work a focused steroid library was screened in vitro for new CYP106A2 substrates using a reconstituted enzyme assay. Five new substrates were identified, including dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone. NMR-spectroscopy revealed that both steroids are mainly hydroxylated at position 7beta. In order to establish a biotechnological system for the preparative scale production of 7beta-hydroxylated dehydroepiandrosterone, whole-cell conversions with growing and resting cells of B. megaterium ATCC1336 the native host of CYP1062 and also with resting cells of a recombinant B. megaterium MS941 strain overexpressing CYP106A2 have been conducted and conversion rates of 400 muM/h (115 mg/l/h) were obtained. Using the B. megaterium MS941 overexpression strain, the selectivity of the reaction was improved from 0.7 to 0.9 for 7beta-OH-DHEA. Conclusions: In this work we describe CYP106A2 for the first time as a regio-selective hydroxylase for 3-hydroxy-delta5 steroids. DHEA was shown to be converted to 7beta-OH-DHEA which is a highly interesting human metabolite, supposed to act as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory agent. Optimization of the whole-cell system using different B. megaterium strains lead to a conversion of DHEA with B. megaterium showing high selectivity and conversion rates and displaying a volumetric yield of 103 mg/l/h 7beta-OH-DHEA.

A significant protective effect of a native adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), was demonstrated in studies of two lethal viral infection models in mice: Systemic coxsackievirus B4 and herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis. The steroid was active either by long-term feeding or by a single subcutaneous injection. A closely related steroid, etiocholanolone, was not protective in these models. Histopathological analysis, leukocyte counts, and numbers of spleen antibody forming cells in the coxsackievirus B4 model suggests that DHEA functions by maintaining or potentiating the immune competence of mice otherwise depressed by viral infection. DHEA was not effective in genetically immunodeficient HRS/J hr/hr mice and did not demonstrate antiviral activity in vitro. While the molecular basis for DHEA's effect on the immune system is not known, studies by others suggest that it may counteract the stress related immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids stimulated by viral infection. Because DHEA is a native steroid that has been used clinically with minimal side effects, the utility of DHEA in the therapeutic modulation of acute and chronic viral infections including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome deserves intensive study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy with a complex etiology involving metabolic, reproductive, and psychological components. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal androgen and stress biomarker, has been implicated in PCOS pathophysiology, yet its role remains controversial. To critically examine the contribution of DHEA to the development and clinical progression of PCOS, emphasizing its hormonal, metabolic, and neuroendocrine implications. This review synthesizes evidence from clinical, biochemical, and experimental studies evaluating DHEA levels and regulatory pathways in women with PCOS, including analyses of phenotypic variation, adrenal versus ovarian androgen production, and stress-axis dysregulation. Elevated DHEA and its sulfated form (DHEAS) are observed in a subset of women with PCOS, particularly those exhibiting hyperandrogenism. However, findings across studies remain inconsistent due to heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria, age-related hormonal variability, and methodological differences. DHEA has been shown to influence ovarian function, metabolic status, and neuropsychological symptoms, suggesting a multifactorial role in PCOS pathogenesis. DHEA contributes to the complex hormonal milieu of PCOS and may serve as both a biomarker and a mechanistic factor in its pathophysiology. Standardized measurement protocols and stratified phenotypic analyses are essential for elucidating its diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.

This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 9 . Abstract Background: With infertility populations in the developed world rapidly aging, treatment of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) assumes increasing clinical importance. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been reported to improve pregnancy chances with DOR, and is now utilized by approximately one third of all IVF centers world-wide. Increasing DHEA utilization and publication of a first prospectively randomized trial now warrants a systematic review. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid Medline were searched between 1995 and 2010 under the following strategy: [ and ]. Bibliographies of relevant publications were further explored for additional relevant citations. Since only one randomized study has been published, publications, independent of evidence levels and quality assessment, were reviewed. Results: Current best available evidence suggests that DHEA improves ovarian function, increases pregnancy chances and, by reducing aneuploidy, lowers miscarriage rates. DHEA over time also appears to objectively improve ovarian reserve. Recent animal data support androgens in promoting preantral follicle growth and reduction in follicle atresia. Discussion: Improvement of oocyte/embryo quality with DHEA supplementation potentially suggests a new concept of ovarian aging, where ovarian environments, but not oocytes themselves, age. DHEA may, thus, represent a first agent beneficially affecting aging ovarian environments. Others can be expected to follow.

This article is from Scientific Reports , volume 4 . Abstract We examined the influence of work-related effort–reward imbalance and overcommitment to work (OC), as derived from Siegrist's Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) model, on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. We hypothesized that, among healthy workers, both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretion would be increased by effort–reward imbalance and OC and, as a result, cortisol-to-DHEA ratio (C/D ratio) would not differ by effort–reward imbalance or OC. The subjects were 115 healthy female nursery school teachers. Salivary cortisol, DHEA, and C/D ratio were used as indexes of HPA activity. Mixed-model analyses of variance revealed that neither the interaction between the ERI model indicators (i.e., effort, reward, effort-to-reward ratio, and OC) and the series of measurement times (9:00, 12:00, and 15:00) nor the main effect of the ERI model indicators was significant for daytime salivary cortisol, DHEA, or C/D ratio. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that none of the ERI model indicators was significantly associated with area under the curve of daytime salivary cortisol, DHEA, or C/D ratio. We found that effort, reward, effort–reward imbalance, and OC had little influence on daytime variation patterns, levels, or amounts of salivary HPA-axis-related hormones. Thus, our hypotheses were not supported.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) have been reported to have memory enhancement effects in humans. A neuro-stimulatory action and an anti-cortisol mechanism of action may contribute to that relation. In order to study DHEA, DHEAS and cortisol relations to working memory and distraction, we recorded the electroencephalogram of 23 young women performing a discrimination (no working memory load) or 1-back (working memory load) task in an audio-visual oddball paradigm. We measured salivary DHEA, DHEAS and cortisol both before each task and at 30 and 60 min. Under working memory load, a higher baseline cortisol/DHEA ratio was related to higher distraction as indexed by an enhanced novelty P3. This suggests that cortisol may lead to increased distraction whereas DHEA may hinder distraction by leading to less processing of the distractor. An increased DHEA production with consecutive cognitive tasks was found and higher DHEA responses attributed to working memory load were related to enhanced working memory processing as indexed by an enhanced visual P300. Overall, the results suggest that in women DHEA may oppose cortisol effects reducing distraction and that a higher DHEA response may enhance working memory at the electrophysiological level.

A significant protective effect of a native adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was demonstrated in studies of two lethal viral infection models in mice, systemic coxsackievirus B4 and herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis. The steroid was active either by long-term feeding or by a single subcutaneous injection prior to initiation of infection. A closely related steroid, etiocholanolone, was not protective in these models. Histopathological analysis, leukocyte counts, and numbers of spleen antibody forming cells in the coxsackievirus B4 model suggests that DHEA functions by maintaining or potentiating the immune competence of mice otherwise depressed by viral infection. DHEA protection was most evident when a large inoculum of virus was given, suggesting that the protective mechanism required a 'triggering action' by the virus. DHEA was not effective in genetically immunodeficient HRS/J hr/hr mice and did not demonstrate antiviral activity in vitro. While the molecular basis for DHEA's effect on the immune system is not known, studies by others suggest that it may counteract the stress related immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids stimulated by viral infection. Because DHEA is a native steroid that has been used clinically with minimal side effects, the utility of DHEA in the therapeutic modulation of acute and chronic viral infections including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (e.g., HIV) deserves intensive study. Keywords: Coxsackievirus, Herpesvirus, Immune regulation, Resistance, Infection, HIV, Hematology, Antiviral agents.