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Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va

The explosive proliferation of computers has led to the increasing importance of developing and implementing various management concepts for effective and efficient operation and control. The complex data processing environment of today cannot be handled by hardware alone, but require an information system composed of hardware, software, data, personnel and procedures. The vast storage capabilities of modern equipment had led to the development of databases for more effective and efficient use of memory capacity. The increasing importance of software and the cost of developing and maintaining it demands more and better management, giving rise to the software life cycle concept. With the automation of the functions of an organization, data and information become critical organizational resources. Information Resource Management provides effective and efficient management and control of these information resources. A key component in this management and control is the Data Dictionary System.

Semantic heterogeneity has been investigated in connection with the database and data dictionary integration efforts that support Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) systems. Based on this investigation, a systematic approach to the resolution of semantic heterogeneity has been developed and illustrated with examples derived from the component C3I system databases in a federation. A methodology is introduced for resolving semantic conflicts to construct a tightly coupled federated database system by facilitating the development of a global schema derived from the individual schemas of the component databases. This methodology of resolving semantic conflicts results in the formation and modification of synonym-homonym groups (SHG), a concept introduced and developed in the paper. A detailed analysis using a three-phased procedure is introduced, with each phase exploring semantic heterogeneity at progressively finer levels of information granularity For the purpose of illustration, the simplest case of a two-component database integration into a tightly coupled federated database system is considered, but the methodology can be generalized to include three or more component databases in a federated system. It also can be applied in the case of a fully merged database integration involving any number of component databases. A variety of inconsistencies were identified using the heuristics implemented in the algorithm. Resolutions of the problems arising from semantic heterogeneity are suggested, and directions for future research are explored.

ADA144905

The data element dictionary project consisted of the compilation of a dictionary encompassing all of the data elements used in the major systems for handling technical reports; the systems involved are those of the Department of Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), Department of Energy Technical Information Center (DOE/TIC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Facility (NASA/STIF), the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and the Government Printing Office (GPO). All those elements, both substantive and housekeeping types, used in processing technical reports in each system are included in the compilation; each record contains the element's definition, rules for use, the tags or indicators used internally, and those used externally for information interchange.

This document is one of 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning students. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures and the Resource Requirements Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The categories of student related elements are: personal and demographic data, academic summary data-previous institution, academic summary data-current institution, and detailed course enrollment data. To define each element, the Dictionary provides a number, title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. The anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

The Data Element Dictionary is a reference guide for all the data elements. It lists the name, index number, life cycle phase description, an example with explanations and worksheet reference for each data element. (Author)

Although data resources have some characteristics with other corporate resources, such as people, goods or money, they do not have two specific characteristics. They are not relatively scarce, neither are they inherently allocatable. However, they do have value, both positive or negative. The value is derived from the fact that the entire enterprise depends on their availability for the proper management of all the other resources. Organizations are now beginning to treat data as a resource, which requires the same degree of administration and control as is involved in the management of other resources. A key component in this management and control is the Data Dictionary/Directory System. It is a useful tool, throughout a System Development Life Cycle.

xiv, 298 pages 24 cm

xiv, 298 pages 24 cm

xiv, 298 pages 24 cm

This data element dictionary (DED) contains all of the data elements used in the major systems for handling Federal government scientific and technical reports, including Department of Energy Technical Information Center (DOE/TIC), the Government Printing Office (GPO), the Department of Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Facility (NASA/STIF), and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). All those elements, both substantive and 'housekeeping' types, used in processing technical reports in each system are included in the compilation. Each record contains the element's definition, rules for use, the tags or indicators used internally, and those used externally for information interchange. Also included is a keyword/KWOC index to the combined list of data element names. The is not only a useful tool to the participating agencies but can also be of interest and value to users to the various systems.

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning courses. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for cost exchange procedures, the Student Flow Model, and the Resource Requirements Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The 4 categories of course-related elements are: course identifiers, course attributes, section attributes. To define each data element, the Dictionary provides a number title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

Although data resources have some common characteristics with other corporate resources, such as people, goods or money, they do not have two specific characteristics. They are not relatively scarce, neither are they inherently allocatable. However, they do have value, both positive or negative. The value is derived from the fact that the entire enterprise depends on their availability for the proper management of all the other resources. Organizations are now beginning to treat data as a resource, which requires the same degree of administration and control as is involved in management and control of other resources. A key component in this management and control is the Data Dictionary/Directory System. It is a useful tool, throughout a System Development Life Cycle.

Although data resources have some common characteristics with other corporate resources, such as people, goods or money, they do not have two specific characteristics. They are not relatively scarce, neither are they inherently allocatable. However, they do have value, both positive or negative. The value is derived from the fact that the entire enterprise depends on their availability for the proper management of all the other resources. Organizations are now beginning to treat data as a resource, which requires the same degree of administration and control as is involved in management and control of other resources. A key component in this management and control is the Data Dictionary/Directory System. It is a useful tool, throughout a System Development Life Cycle.

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning facilities. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements for Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The categories of facilities-related elements are: facility elements and room elements. To define each element the Dictionary provides: a number, title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. The anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning facilities. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements for Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The categories of facilities-related elements are: facility elements and room elements. To define each element the Dictionary provides: a number, title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. The anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning facilities. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements for Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The categories of facilities-related elements are: facility elements and room elements. To define each element the Dictionary provides: a number, title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. The anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

The usefulness was investigated of a data dictionary/directory system for achieving optimum benefits from existing and planned investments in computer data files in the Data Systems Development Branch and the Institutional Data Systems Division. Potential applications of the data catalogue system are discussed along with an evaluation of the system. Other topics discussed include data description, data structure, programming aids, programming languages, program networks, and test data.

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning staff. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The 4 categories of staff-related elements are: demographic data, training and professional data, employment data, and activity data. To define each data element, the Dictionary provides a number, title, description, and comments needed for further clarification. The anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning finance. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The data elements are: (1) fund group; (2) source of funds; (3) organizational unit; (4) account number; (5) program identification; (6) functional classification; (7) object classification; and (8) dollar amount. A number, title, description, and comments define each data element. In addition, the anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

This document is one of the 5 sections of the Data Element Dictionary developed as part of the WICHE Management Information Systems (MIS) Program. The elements in this section apply to both the current and historical data concerning finance. The purpose of the WICHE MIS Program is to make it possible to derive data which will be truly comparable for interinstitutional comparisons, while allowing institutional autonomy in such matters as coding and file structure. One of the major purposes of this section of the Dictionary is to obtain longitudinal data depicting changes in characteristics over a period of time. The criteria for inclusion of data elements are: (1) necessary for completion of Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS); (2) likely to be needed for the Student Flow Model, cost exchange procedures, and the Resource Requirements Prediction Model; (3) necessary to link operational files together for the derivation of information; and (4) basic to institutional record keeping. The data elements are: (1) fund group; (2) source of funds; (3) organizational unit; (4) account number; (5) program identification; (6) functional classification; (7) object classification; and (8) dollar amount. A number, title, description, and comments define each data element. In addition, the anticipated utility of each element is indicated. After review of this edition, a second is planned. (AF)

Education Commission of the States (ECS) researched Statewide Longitudinal Data Systems (SLDS) policies in all states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico to provide this comprehensive resource. Data dictionaries provide standardized names, codes, definitions and attributes of data elements collected in a data system. In this resource, ECS classifies a state as having a data dictionary if a data dictionary, system user guide or data manual containing such data elements is publicly available on the SLDS or state education agency website. Some states may have data dictionaries that are only internally available to staff or researchers. The data herein indicates whether or not each state's SLDS includes a publicly available data dictionary, and if yes, its location.

This report presents the current state of the art of government developed Data Element Dictionary/Directory (DED/D) systems. DED/D's are software tools used for managing and controlling information and data. The introduction of the report includes a list of the government agency systems surveyed and a summary matrix presenting each system's general characteristics. A comparative list focusing on the technical characteristics of each system, a narrative description highlighting each system's special characteristics and the agency's experience with it, and scope notes and definitions of the terms referred to in the report are appended. Information presented in this report is intended to serve both the technical and administrative automated data processing community. (Author/JPF)

This report presents the current state of the art of government developed Data Element Dictionary/Directory (DED/D) systems. DED/D's are software tools used for managing and controlling information and data. The introduction of the report includes a list of the government agency systems surveyed and a summary matrix presenting each system's general characteristics. A comparative list focusing on the technical characteristics of each system, a narrative description highlighting each system's special characteristics and the agency's experience with it, and scope notes and definitions of the terms referred to in the report are appended. Information presented in this report is intended to serve both the technical and administrative automated data processing community. (Author/JPF)

This report presents the current state of the art of government developed Data Element Dictionary/Directory (DED/D) systems. DED/D's are software tools used for managing and controlling information and data. The introduction of the report includes a list of the government agency systems surveyed and a summary matrix presenting each system's general characteristics. A comparative list focusing on the technical characteristics of each system, a narrative description highlighting each system's special characteristics and the agency's experience with it, and scope notes and definitions of the terms referred to in the report are appended. Information presented in this report is intended to serve both the technical and administrative automated data processing community. (Author/JPF)