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A memory management scheme which incorporates an additional level of memory into the traditional primary-secondary storage hierarchy is proposed for utilization in distributed data base management systems. In this scheme, the memory of the back-end processor is used as an additional memory buffer. An optimal three-level memory management algorithm is presented along with an analysis of its cost in terms of page replacement. The expected performance improvement over the optimal algorithm for a two-level memory system is determined. The performance benefits of the three-level memory management are applicable to most distributed processing systems. (Author)

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

This report surveyed the input data required for the primary Amip models: the Force Evaluation Model (FORCEM); the Corps and Division Evaluation Model (CORDIVEM); and the Combined Arms and Support Task Force Evaluation Model (CASTFOREM). This survey developed a methodology to evaluate commercially available Data Base management Systems (DBMS) that are candidates for managing AMIP data. The evaluation of the models and data requirements indicates that the volume of AMIP data is not a serious consideration for selection of a DBMS. The data on Red and Blue Forces is represented in the three models surveyed in its own unique way. Although some candidates for commonality of data were identified, no common data items exist among the models under the current plans for development. For examination of overall DBMS evaluation criteria, the SQL/DS when ranks highest; however, due to cost constraints and technical risks of SQL/DS the DBMS DMS-1100 is recommended as the AMIP DBMS. But there are some difficulties identified with this choice; a second alternative, then, is System 2000. (Author)

A software organization is presented to provide for data definition and manipulation in a distributed data base management system. With the mechanism for distributing the data base proposed here, the physical location of the data is transparent to the user program. A Device Media Control Language is specified for the assignment of control of and access to a data base area to a set of processors. Procedures for reassignment of the control and access functions as well as the transfer of data between processors are provided. The basic hardware and software requirements for a computer network capable of supporting a distributed data base management system are discussed along with a specification of the software required for a processor in a distributed data base network. (Author)

This paper describes a simulation model in which user jobs are synthesized from basic building blocks. The modelling process consists of three stages: translation from a user view of data and processes dependent on the data base management system (DMS) into a standard form consisting of explicit access paths over logical data structures; translation of the logical structures and operations into block-oriented structures and operations on a virtual machine; and execution of a number of concurrent jobs on a real machine. This paper deals only with the last two stages. Standard forms for the logical structures and operations and for the virtual machine are described; they are as free as possible from the data view of the particular DMS. We describe a generalized modelling framework, which becomes a model of a particular DMS WHEN VARIOUS 'plug-in' MODULES ARE ADDED. The data representation features of a DMS enter as parameters for the second stage, while the resource management tactics are the parameters for the last stage. The proposed model structure is intended as a basis for DMS design experiments. (Author)

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

As the computer industry has grown in experience and application, there is an area which has received much attention; that is, the area of managing, organizing and storing data. Problems of reliability, security and timeliness with data have drawn almost every computer user's attention. Since the late 60's, there has been a growing interest in providing software which separates (at a cost) the manipulation aspect from usual organizational and accounting functions found in a normal program. Such 'housekeeping' chores can require significant efforts on the part of programmers. Further, once such chores are initially done they will have to be redone time and again, since requirements and usage will change. (Author)

As the computer industry has grown in experience and application, there is an area which has received much attention; that is, the area of managing, organizing and storing data. Problems of reliability, security and timeliness with data have drawn almost every computer user's attention. Since the late 60's, there has been a growing interest in providing software which separates (at a cost) the manipulation aspect from usual organizational and accounting functions found in a normal program. Such 'housekeeping' chores can require significant efforts on the part of programmers. Further, once such chores are initially done they will have to be redone time and again, since requirements and usage will change. (Author)

data base management system its a only my need

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

Database Management Systems(DBMS) are now well established as a tool for information system implementation. However, the debates over relational and network systems have underlined the need to provide new systems with both capabilities as well as to understand the theoretical aspects which will make standardization possible. The reported research is intended to foster such an approach.

A memory management scheme which incorporates an additional level of memory into the traditional primary-secondary storage hierarchy is proposed for utilization in distributed data base management systems. In this scheme, the memory of the back-end processor is used as an additional memory buffer. An optimal three-level memory management algorithm is presented along with an analysis of its cost in terms of page replacement. The expected performance improvement over the optimal algorithm for a two-level memory system is determined. The performance benefits of the three-level memory management are applicable to most distributed processing systems. (Author)

As the computer industry has grown in experience and application, there is an area which has received much attention; that is, the area of managing, organizing and storing data. Problems of reliability, security and timeliness with data have drawn almost every computer user's attention. Since the late 60's, there has been a growing interest in providing software which separates (at a cost) the manipulation aspect from usual organizational and accounting functions found in a normal program. Such 'housekeeping' chores can require significant efforts on the part of programmers. Further, once such chores are initially done they will have to be redone time and again, since requirements and usage will change. (Author)

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

A logical approach to determine the data base 'order of entry' is presented which utilizes management techniques and 'consideration factors'.

This document is a proposal for a distributed data base management system (DDBMS). It represents the first phase of the DDBMS design portion of Grant 108. It is very important to note that this document is a proposal and also that the next phase of the design is the development of the functional specifications of the DDBMS. Therefore, it is essential that all interested parties respond with any corrections, additions, deletions, suggestions, etc. by July 1, 1976. As it can easily be observed from this report, the implementation of the complete DDBMS will be an enormous task. Estimates range from 7 to 20 up to 50 person years of effort. A natural course is to design a full scale system and proceed with the implementation in an incremental manner. The implementation of a minimal prototype should be achieved as soon as possible for purposes of feasibility studies, testing, and morale.

A memory management scheme which incorporates an additional level of memory into the traditional primary-secondary storage hierarchy is proposed for utilization in distributed data base management systems. In this scheme, the memory of the back-end processor is used as an additional memory buffer. An optimal three-level memory management algorithm is presented along with an analysis of its cost in terms of page replacement. The expected performance improvement over the optimal algorithm for a two-level memory system is determined. The performance benefits of the three-level memory management are applicable to most distributed processing systems. (Author)

ShareIT, data base management - Martin Marietta Data Systems

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

A memory management scheme which incorporates an additional level of memory into the traditional primary-secondary storage hierarchy is proposed for utilization in distributed data base management systems. In this scheme, the memory of the back-end processor is used as an additional memory buffer. An optimal three-level memory management algorithm is presented along with an analysis of its cost in terms of page replacement. The expected performance improvement over the optimal algorithm for a two-level memory system is determined. The performance benefits of the three-level memory management are applicable to most distributed processing systems. (Author)

Data base management workshop, data processing seminar 1969 - Brandon Systems Institute

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

An investigation was conducted on the (DBMS) available in the commercial market place. The purpose of this investigation was to identify a DBMS for installation at (DCEC) Defense Communications Engineering Center.

This report presents an objective overview of features of six selected data-base management systems and federal user experiences with these systems. Application criteria were developed in order to aid in the evaluation and selection of data-base management systems. The advantages of generalized data-base management systems over traditional methods of software development are discussed. The criteria for choice of the six system's features are presented. The data reported were gathered from two sources--vendors and users. Vendor information consisted of side-by-side presentation of features of the six systems. User experiences reported are summarized under appropriate headings. This information is used to derive application criteria for assessing the usability and operational suitability of data-base management systems to a variety of data processing requirements. The six systems reviewed are ADABAS, IMS/VS, INQUIRE, MODEL 204, SYSTEM 2000, and TOTAL. (Author)

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

Technical and management problems associated with the evaluation, selection, installation, and use of data base management system packages in the NASA administrative support environment are examined.

This document is a proposal for a distributed data base management system (DDBMS). It represents the first phase of the DDBMS design portion of Grant 108. It is very important to note that this document is a proposal and also that the next phase of the design is the development of the functional specifications of the DDBMS. Therefore, it is essential that all interested parties respond with any corrections, additions, deletions, suggestions, etc. by July 1, 1976. As it can easily be observed from this report, the implementation of the complete DDBMS will be an enormous task. Estimates range from 7 to 20 up to 50 person years of effort. A natural course is to design a full scale system and proceed with the implementation in an incremental manner. The implementation of a minimal prototype should be achieved as soon as possible for purposes of feasibility studies, testing, and morale.

This paper presents a methodology for and an evaluation of the feasibility of converting a typical data processing system to a data base management system. This methodology is applied to a particular system. The data base management system under evaluation uses a back-end minicomputer to perform the data management functions. The evaluation is made in terms of changes in system resources, program requirements, and human factors. The results of this study provide considerable insight into the problem of conversion to a data base management system and suggest guidelines for the evaluation of any proposed data base conversions. (Author)

This paper presents a methodology for and an evaluation of the feasibility of converting a typical data processing system to a data base management system. This methodology is applied to a particular system. The data base management system under evaluation uses a back-end minicomputer to perform the data management functions. The evaluation is made in terms of changes in system resources, program requirements, and human factors. The results of this study provide considerable insight into the problem of conversion to a data base management system and suggest guidelines for the evaluation of any proposed data base conversions. (Author)

A data base management system is identified, developed to provide flexible access to data sets produced by GARP during its data systems tests. The content and coverage of the data base are defined and a computer-aided, interactive information storage and retrieval system, implemented to facilitate access to user specified data subsets, is described. The computer programs developed to provide the capability were implemented on the highly interactive, minicomputer-based AOIPS and are referred to as the data retrieval system (DRS). Implemented as a user interactive but menu guided system, the DRS permits users to inventory the data tape library and create duplicate or subset data sets based on a user selected window defined by time and latitude/longitude boundaries. The DRS permits users to select, display, or produce formatted hard copy of individual data items contained within the data records.

A data base management system is identified, developed to provide flexible access to data sets produced by GARP during its data systems tests. The content and coverage of the data base are defined and a computer-aided, interactive information storage and retrieval system, implemented to facilitate access to user specified data subsets, is described. The computer programs developed to provide the capability were implemented on the highly interactive, minicomputer-based AOIPS and are referred to as the data retrieval system (DRS). Implemented as a user interactive but menu guided system, the DRS permits users to inventory the data tape library and create duplicate or subset data sets based on a user selected window defined by time and latitude/longitude boundaries. The DRS permits users to select, display, or produce formatted hard copy of individual data items contained within the data records.

With the advent of Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) and associated facilities (data dictionaries, query languages, report writers, etc.), the task of data organization, management, and storage has been given to a select group of specialists. These specialists (the Data Base Administrators (DBA) provide the necessary control, logging, and access information and software to the program. Such activity relieves the programmers of this overhead function allowing them to concentrate on the necessary manipulations. This paper focuses on some alternatives with respect to a DBMS in terms of a centralized versus decentralized environment. The first section deals with the concepts and tradeoffs involved in considering the two environments. The second section then deals with problems which are encountered in a distributed data base management system. These problems include deadlock, rollback and recovery, data conversion, redundancy, and communication and operating system requirements for effective distribution.

This paper presents a methodology for and an evaluation of the feasibility of converting a typical data processing system to a data base management system. This methodology is applied to a particular system. The data base management system under evaluation uses a back-end minicomputer to perform the data management functions. The evaluation is made in terms of changes in system resources, program requirements, and human factors. The results of this study provide considerable insight into the problem of conversion to a data base management system and suggest guidelines for the evaluation of any proposed data base conversions. (Author)

The combination of general purpose data base management systems and computer networks to produce distributed data base management systems should be the next significant step in commercial systems development. A completely generalized distributed data base management system would reside on a heterogeneous computer network with different data base systems available at various processors. Communication and data transfer would be possible between any nodes in the network. This report described the principal problem areas in distributed data base management system development. Distributed data base systems share many design problems with both single machine data base systems and computing networks, as well as introducing several new dilemmas. Recent research in these problem areas is presented to provide a picture of the state of the art of distributed data base development. In addition, the current status of the data base industry with respect to distributed processing is evaluated by reporting the current projects and future plans of selected (anonymous) data base vendors.

This thesis is an investigative study on whether a data base management system has a place in a research environment. The study concentrated on the use of large social science data sets. The following topics were examined: (1) how social science data sets are used in a research environment; (2) the data usage and need of an existing research institution (The Rand Corporation); (3) the differences between research and business applications; (4) the possible DBMS configurations within a research environment; (5) the opinions of Rand computer users when rating importance of DBMS features; and (6) evaluation of commercial DBMS for use in a research environment. Conventional DBMS have been very successful with business/corporate data bases, but DBMS are not widely used with research data bases. There are significant differences between the business and research data management needs. These include different retrieval and update specifications, the need for statistical routines, and less financial data base support. Much of research analysis requires the use of statistical procedures. Hence, a DBMS configuration within a research environment must include some access to statistical procedures. Given these reguirements, there are a few commercial DBMS which could be considered for a research environment. Additional keywords: Computer program. (Author)

The problem of deadlock in distributed data base management is analyzed in terms of performance effects of potential deadlock handling schemes. The performance tradeoffs of deadlock detection and deadlock prevention for distributed data base management systems are compared. Since the run-time overhead in deadlock prevention is projected to be less than for deadlock detection, an algorithm for preventing deadlocks in distributed data base systems is developed. The critical information for the deadlock prevention algorithm is maintained in a shared record list. The shared record list contains all shared access records for a set of tasks. Shared records lists are maintained dynamically by the run-time system. A proof that the algorithm prevents deadlocks in a distributed data base management system is provided along with a comprehensive example. (Author)

The use of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), a type of microcomputer application software, to analyze open-ended survey questions is discussed. Using open-ended questions allows researchers to ask respondents to express themselves freely about their attitudes and beliefs. This approach also can elicit a precise answer even though the list of possible answers is too large to list in the instrument or too long for most respondents to read (such as student major or home town). The characteristics of an RDBMS that allow for analysis of open-ended questions are: flexibility to create fields after the database has been designed, ability to join databases, and ability to sort on any field in the database. RDBMS can handle unstructured data and can use the relational operators "join" and "project" when using CONDOR, or the relational operator "copy" when using dBASE. The RDBMS can be used to clarify who is responding to open-ended questions in surveys, thus making the comments more useful, even in cases of underenumeration. The underenumeration problem can also be approached through effective design techniques. Another feature of RDBMS is that it allows the creation of a data entry screen. In addition to identifying technical considerations related to the use of RDBMS, an example of the automated Q-sort is provided. (SW)

The problem of deadlock in distributed data base management is analyzed in terms of performance effects of potential deadlock handling schemes. The performance tradeoffs of deadlock detection and deadlock prevention for distributed data base management systems are compared. Since the run-time overhead in deadlock prevention is projected to be less than for deadlock detection, an algorithm for preventing deadlocks in distributed data base systems is developed. The critical information for the deadlock prevention algorithm is maintained in a shared record list. The shared record list contains all shared access records for a set of tasks. Shared records lists are maintained dynamically by the run-time system. A proof that the algorithm prevents deadlocks in a distributed data base management system is provided along with a comprehensive example. (Author)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it defines a basic set of managed objects for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)-based management of Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)-compliant Cable Modems and Cable Modem Termination Systems.

NAS 1.55:2254 Digitized from IA1177306-06-0041 , IA1177306-06-0042 , IA1177306-06-0043 , IA1177306-06-0044 .

Various issues concerning administrative data base management systems are discussed. The procurement and operation of several systems are discussed.