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In order to identify other libraries' policies regarding public access to personal computers, the Hudson Library and Historical Society sent a survey to the reference and/or informational services librarians in the 18 public libraries of the Cleveland (Ohio) Public Library Consortium. The purpose of the 32-item questionnaire was to determine if patrons were interested in using computers. The Hudson Library wanted to be able to justify the cost of computer hardware, software, and trained personnel to the Library's Board of Trustees. Seventeen out of the 18 libraries responded to the survey, a 94% response rate. Eighty-eight percent of the libraries responded that public access to personal computers was a service goal of their libraries, but only 80% of the libraries responded that they provided training for patrons who wanted to use the computers. Most of the libraries did not provide computer training for staff either; 70% of the people responsible for computer services taught themselves how to use the computers. The majority of the libraries had written policies for computer usage. Most of the librarians surveyed agreed that providing computer services to patrons was worthwhile even though they were struggling to find the time to be able to assist the patrons in using the computers. A copy of the survey questionnaire is included with the document. (Contains 5 references.) (DGM)

In order to identify other libraries' policies regarding public access to personal computers, the Hudson Library and Historical Society sent a survey to the reference and/or informational services librarians in the 18 public libraries of the Cleveland (Ohio) Public Library Consortium. The purpose of the 32-item questionnaire was to determine if patrons were interested in using computers. The Hudson Library wanted to be able to justify the cost of computer hardware, software, and trained personnel to the Library's Board of Trustees. Seventeen out of the 18 libraries responded to the survey, a 94% response rate. Eighty-eight percent of the libraries responded that public access to personal computers was a service goal of their libraries, but only 80% of the libraries responded that they provided training for patrons who wanted to use the computers. Most of the libraries did not provide computer training for staff either; 70% of the people responsible for computer services taught themselves how to use the computers. The majority of the libraries had written policies for computer usage. Most of the librarians surveyed agreed that providing computer services to patrons was worthwhile even though they were struggling to find the time to be able to assist the patrons in using the computers. A copy of the survey questionnaire is included with the document. (Contains 5 references.) (DGM)

In order to identify other libraries' policies regarding public access to personal computers, the Hudson Library and Historical Society sent a survey to the reference and/or informational services librarians in the 18 public libraries of the Cleveland (Ohio) Public Library Consortium. The purpose of the 32-item questionnaire was to determine if patrons were interested in using computers. The Hudson Library wanted to be able to justify the cost of computer hardware, software, and trained personnel to the Library's Board of Trustees. Seventeen out of the 18 libraries responded to the survey, a 94% response rate. Eighty-eight percent of the libraries responded that public access to personal computers was a service goal of their libraries, but only 80% of the libraries responded that they provided training for patrons who wanted to use the computers. Most of the libraries did not provide computer training for staff either; 70% of the people responsible for computer services taught themselves how to use the computers. The majority of the libraries had written policies for computer usage. Most of the librarians surveyed agreed that providing computer services to patrons was worthwhile even though they were struggling to find the time to be able to assist the patrons in using the computers. A copy of the survey questionnaire is included with the document. (Contains 5 references.) (DGM)

In order to identify other libraries' policies regarding public access to personal computers, the Hudson Library and Historical Society sent a survey to the reference and/or informational services librarians in the 18 public libraries of the Cleveland (Ohio) Public Library Consortium. The purpose of the 32-item questionnaire was to determine if patrons were interested in using computers. The Hudson Library wanted to be able to justify the cost of computer hardware, software, and trained personnel to the Library's Board of Trustees. Seventeen out of the 18 libraries responded to the survey, a 94% response rate. Eighty-eight percent of the libraries responded that public access to personal computers was a service goal of their libraries, but only 80% of the libraries responded that they provided training for patrons who wanted to use the computers. Most of the libraries did not provide computer training for staff either; 70% of the people responsible for computer services taught themselves how to use the computers. The majority of the libraries had written policies for computer usage. Most of the librarians surveyed agreed that providing computer services to patrons was worthwhile even though they were struggling to find the time to be able to assist the patrons in using the computers. A copy of the survey questionnaire is included with the document. (Contains 5 references.) (DGM)

Apple Computers In Libraries  Volume 01 Public Technology: The Library Public Access Computer

This episode of Tech Talk will be broadcast live from the Computers in Libraries 2011 conference in Washington, DC.

This episode of Tech Talk will be broadcast live from the Computers in Libraries 2011 conference in Washington, DC.

A survey was conducted to determine the extent to which public libraries have made computer hardware and software available to their patrons. In December 1984, questionnaires were distributed to a stratified national probability sample of 900 public library systems. Results, based on a response rate of 99%, indicate that: (1) 42% of the systems serving large populations (100,000 or more) had computers for patron use, compared with 26% for medium-sized populations (10,000-100,000), and 13% for small populations (fewer than 10,000); (2) an estimated 3,300 computers were available for use in the nation's libraries; three-fourths were situated inside the library while one-fourth could be checked out for loan; (3) about half of all computers were purchased primarily with state or local funds, and one-third were obtained through gifts; (4) patrons used computers inside public libraries for a total of 52,000 hours a week, or about 23 hours per computer per week; (5) 71% of the patrons using computers inside libraries were under 18 years old, but only 30% of outside users were; (6) the typical loan period allowed for computers taken outside the library was one week (67% of systems); (7) 9 out of 10 library systems that provided computers also had computer software for use inside or outside the library; and (8) about one-half of the library systems with computers offered training or orientation sessions. Libraries also indicated a high priority for initiating or increasing hardware and software availability and the number of staff trained to assist patrons. Ten data tables and a copy of the questionnaire are provided. (JB)

The Next (Big) Thing: Sometimes, it can be most helpful just to hear what libraries are thinking of doing next, as well as visions of the next BIG thing. A small panel of BIG thinkers share brief thoughts on what the BIG things for libraries will be in the next few years, then participants share their institutions plans for next week, next month, and next year. Have your notepad or mobile device of choice ready to jot down potential collaborators.

The Next (Big) Thing: Sometimes, it can be most helpful just to hear what libraries are thinking of doing next, as well as visions of the next BIG thing. A small panel of BIG thinkers share brief thoughts on what the BIG things for libraries will be in the next few years, then participants share their institutions plans for next week, next month, and next year. Have your notepad or mobile device of choice ready to jot down potential collaborators.

The Next (Big) Thing: Sometimes, it can be most helpful just to hear what libraries are thinking of doing next, as well as visions of the next BIG thing. A small panel of BIG thinkers share brief thoughts on what the BIG things for libraries will be in the next few years, then participants share their institutions plans for next week, next month, and next year. Have your notepad or mobile device of choice ready to jot down potential collaborators.

My first Day at the Computers in Libraries 2006 conference in Washington DC.

My first Day at the Computers in Libraries 2006 conference in Washington DC.

My first Day at the Computers in Libraries 2006 conference in Washington DC.

Keynote address at the Computers in Libraries 2021 virtual conference Session description:  The Internet Archive is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and more. But how is your library taking advantage of this incredible collection to enhance the digital experiences of your communities? Are you using it to curate unique local events or collections?  Chris Freeland discusses how libraries are embracing controlled digital lending to reach patrons during the pandemic, how the library practice works, and other topics related to their digital library activities. Brewster Kahle shares how the organization has managed to become an incredible global resources in its 20+ years of existence, and the issues and challenges, as well as hopes, for the future.

I taught a post conference session with David Free at the 2007 Computers in Libraries conference on podcasting and videoblogging, and we needed something to videotape. here's our video!ps - this is my second attempt to post it - something went wrong the first time around... 

I taught a post conference session with David Free at the 2007 Computers in Libraries conference on podcasting and videoblogging, and we needed something to videotape. here's our video!ps - this is my second attempt to post it - something went wrong the first time around... 

I taught a post conference session with David Free at the 2007 Computers in Libraries conference on podcasting and videoblogging, and we needed something to videotape. here's our video!ps - this is my second attempt to post it - something went wrong the first time around... 

Computers in Libraries is an active publication covering library information technology. It was established in 1981 and is published monthly by Information Today, Inc. The periodical analytical articles, case studies, and reviews that cover a wide range of topics including digitization projects, information systems implementation, data management, digital literacy initiatives, and the role of technology in library operations. The scope of the periodical extends to all types of libraries from public and academic to specialist and school libraries. Computers in Libraries can be found online at: https://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/default.shtml Publication History Bulletin Board Systems 0882-990X (1985-1987) USA United States Public Computing 0884-9498 (1986-1987) Small Computers in Libraries 0275-6722 Formerly (until 1989) USA United States Systems Librarian and Automation Review 0890-8354 Which incorporated (1986-1988) USA United States

Computers in Libraries is an active publication covering library information technology. It was established in 1981 and is published monthly by Information Today, Inc. The periodical analytical articles, case studies, and reviews that cover a wide range of topics including digitization projects, information systems implementation, data management, digital literacy initiatives, and the role of technology in library operations. The scope of the periodical extends to all types of libraries from public and academic to specialist and school libraries. Computers in Libraries can be found online at: https://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/default.shtml Publication History Bulletin Board Systems 0882-990X (1985-1987) USA United States Public Computing 0884-9498 (1986-1987) Small Computers in Libraries 0275-6722 Formerly (until 1989) USA United States Systems Librarian and Automation Review 0890-8354 Which incorporated (1986-1988) USA United States

Computers in Libraries 1993: Volume 13 , Issue Index. Digitized from IA1520833-06 . Previous issue: sim_computers-in-libraries_november-december-1994_14_10 . Next issue: sim_computers-in-libraries_1995-01_15_1 .

Computers in Libraries 1991: Volume 11 , Issue Index. Digitized from IA1520833-06 . Previous issue: sim_computers-in-libraries_1992-12_12_11 . Next issue: sim_computers-in-libraries_1993-01_13_1 .

A survey instrument was designed and administered to obtain a broad base of information concerning the presence of computers and computer literacy classes in public libraries in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Minnesota. The results indicate that 50.8% of the 100 libraries that responded to the survey (80.6% of the original random sample) have public access microcomputers while only 9.8% offer computer literacy training. Ohio leads in both the number of public access computers and in the number of computer literacy training classes. The scope of the literacy classes varies widely. Classes are frequently taught by staff members. Software is usually selected by the director or assistant director. Patron recommendation is the primary consideration in software selection. Most of the software used by children is educational, whereas word processing, resume preparation, and Print Shop type programs are typically employed by adults. Funding comes primarily from the libraries' line item budgets, but other sources, in order of their frequency, include individual donations, LSCA (Library Services and Construction Act) grants, Friends of the Library, and foundations. The cover letter and questionnaire are appended. (Contains 102 references.) (Author/ALF)

A survey instrument was designed and administered to obtain a broad base of information concerning the presence of computers and computer literacy classes in public libraries in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Minnesota. The results indicate that 50.8% of the 100 libraries that responded to the survey (80.6% of the original random sample) have public access microcomputers while only 9.8% offer computer literacy training. Ohio leads in both the number of public access computers and in the number of computer literacy training classes. The scope of the literacy classes varies widely. Classes are frequently taught by staff members. Software is usually selected by the director or assistant director. Patron recommendation is the primary consideration in software selection. Most of the software used by children is educational, whereas word processing, resume preparation, and Print Shop type programs are typically employed by adults. Funding comes primarily from the libraries' line item budgets, but other sources, in order of their frequency, include individual donations, LSCA (Library Services and Construction Act) grants, Friends of the Library, and foundations. The cover letter and questionnaire are appended. (Contains 102 references.) (Author/ALF)

1Merton of the Movies

By Harry Leon Wilson

<em>Merton of the Movies</em> is a comedy that centers around Merton Gill, an aspiring dramatic artist from Simsbury, Illinois who makes his way to Hollywood to become a serious actor. How could Merton fail in attaining his dreams after finishing a correspondence course from the General Film Production Company of Stebbinsville, Arkansas, certifying him to be a competent screen actor?<br><br>Harry Leon Wilson, the author, was a very popular humor writer in the first decades of the 20th century. This book was made into film several times, the last in 1947 starring Red Skelton. (Summary written by Margaret.)

2Our Nig, or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black, In A Two-Story White House

By Harriet E. Wilson

Frado is a colored girl, living in the USA a few years before the Civil War. She is abandoned by her own white mother in the house of the Bellmont's- where she is treated badly. This is a sad book, but Frado's cheerfulness and dignity will make you love her until the end. (Introduction by Stav Nisser)

3Shakespeare and Music

By Christopher Wilson

Shakespeare's plays are full of music: love songs, comic ditties, serious ballads, and songs for witches and spirits. Over the centuries musicians and composers have also created musical adaptations based on Shakespeare's plays. Composer Christopher Wilson's Shakespeare and Music (1922) documents the musical history of each play across various genres, including opera and incidental music. (Summary by Elizabeth Klett)

4South African Memories

By Lady Sarah Wilson

Lady Sarah Isabella Augusta Wilson was the aunt of Winston Spencer Churchill. In 1899 she became the first woman war correspondent when she was recruited to cover the Siege of Mafeking for the Daily Mail during the Boer War. She moved to Mafeking with her husband at the start of the war, where he was aide-de-camp to Colonel Robert Baden-Powell. Baden-Powell asked her to leave Mafeking for her own safety after the Boers threatened to storm the British garrison. This she duly did, and set off on a madcap adventure in the company of her maid, travelling through the South African countryside until she was finally captured by the enemy and returned to the town in exchange for a horse thief being held there. Dwindling food supplies became a constant theme in the stories she sent back to the Mail and the situation seemed hopeless when the garrison was hit by an outbreak of malarial typhoid. In this weakened state the Boers managed to penetrate the outskirts of the town but the British stood firm and repelled the assault. (Summary by Wikipedia)

5And Then the Town Took Off

By Richard Wilson

The town of Superior, Ohio, certainly was living up to its name! In what was undoubtedly the most spectacular feat of the century, it simply picked itself up one night and rose two full miles above Earth! Radio messages stated simply that Superior had seceded from Earth. But Don Cort, stranded on that rising town, was beginning to suspect that nothing was simple about Superior except its citizens. Calmly they accepted their rise in the world as being due to one of their local townspeople, a crackpot professor. But after a couple of weeks of floating around, it began to be obvious that the professor had no idea how to get them down. So then it was up to Cort: either find a way to anchor Superior, or spend the rest of his days on the smallest—and the nuttiest—planet in the galaxy! (Summary From The Book)

A weary survivor of the Great War, Major Rane Smith wanders in a great ennui amidst the mystical beauties of the fjords of Norway after the War, seeking a spiritual renewal. Deep in the forest he stumbles fatefully upon the strange, almost elvish home of Karl Ingman, an iconoclastic old Ibsen scholar. There Major Smith meets Ingman's two beautiful young daughters and his eldritch wife Rosa, entering into long days of profound dialogue with each member of the family. A rare and exquisite gem of a novel, The Death of Society is one of the most remarkable books of the post-War era, showing Wilson's deep intellectual, artistic, and philosophical passions against the backdrop of a romantic passion just as profound. Fallen into a strange obscurity after her untimely death, Romer Wilson deserves a revival of reputation that was recognized in her lifetime when she was awarded the prestigious Hawthornden Prize for this novel. - Summary by Expatriate

Another remarkable World War I novel by Romer Wilson, "If All These Young Men" is a character study of a group of young 20-something friends in England dealing with the looming, grey presence of the War in their lives. The story begins on Good Friday 1918, and centers on Josephine Miller, a restless, strong-minded young woman who cannot tolerate trivialities or frivolities so long as the War goes on, and who agonizes over how to go on living in its shadow. The characters of Josephine and her friends are patterned on those of Wilson and her own coterie at the time, both male and female, revealing the profound angst of young intellectuals of the time who lived under the dread not only of invasion and national destruction, but also of the alien world that would be left for them when the monstrous conflict was over. - Summary by Expatriate

Romer Wilson's first novel is a study in the life of Genius, a theme that would preoccupy her throughout her life. The eponymous Martin Schüler is a young German composer of genius in the years leading up to the Great War. His great passion is to create one magnificent work that will live forever. With his passions so consumed in his art, he makes sacrifices in his human relationships, going through a series of wrenching, unequal love affairs. The novel is of interest not only for Schüler's lifelong struggle to reconcile his fleshly desires with his lust for fame, but also for the Continental setting as Europe falls toward catastrophe. - Summary by Expatriate

9New Freedom

By Thomas Woodrow Wilson

The book is not a discussion of measures or of programs. It is an attempt to express the new spirit of our politics and to set forth, in large terms which may stick in the imagination, what it is that must be done if we are to restore our politics to their full spiritual vigor again, and our national life, whether in trade, in industry, or in what concerns us only as families and individuals, to its purity, its self-respect, and its pristine strength and freedom. (From the Preface) - Summary by Woodrow Wilson

10Russian Storybook

By Richard Wilson

Reverend Richard Wilson went to the heart of Russia to find stories from the eastern outposts of Christianity, untouched by the renaissance or reformation. He found the nature of the stories quite different from those of more western cultures. His hope was to teach English children about their Russian counterparts in a way they would understand, so he retold the stories rather than sought translations. - Summary by Lynne Thompson

Richard Wilson has taken tales from the two great Indian epics, the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata, as well as other early sources, and has retold them in English, in an effort to showcase to young English-speaking readers that 'oriental' stories share the same elements as tales they are used to. Love, hate, virtue, oppression, tenderness, bravery and resourcefulness and an ultimate desire to conquer evil. - Summary by Paraphrased from the Introduction

12Bunker Bean

By Harry Leon Wilson

Young, self conscious, timid stenographer for a New York businessman with a beautiful daughter (the flapper). He emulates stronger types, but alas.....is not them. He grows up in this humorous volume from 1913. - Summary by joseph tabler

LibriVox volunteers bring you 23 recordings of It Is in Winter That We Dream of Spring by Robert Burns Wilson. This was the Weekly Poetry project for March 10, 2019. <br> ------<br> Robert Burns Wilson was an American painter and poet. Although his most famous poem was based on the battle cry "Remember the Maine," he was best known during his day as a nature poet. (Summary by Wikipedia)

14Ruggles of Red Gap

By Harry Leon Wilson

A stuffy class-conscious gentleman's valet is transplanted to the rough uncivilized American northwest, where the rubes and social climbers are duly impressed with his manners and style. Will the American freedom rub off on the Englishman, or will the churlish Americans acquire some high-class polish? Witty social commentary a la P.G. Wodehouse's Jeeves and Wooster. - Summary by Carol Pelster

15Anecdotes of Big Cats and Other Beasts

By David Alec Wilson

Although David Alec Wilson is best known for his writings about Thomas Carlyle, he was a Scottish civil servant who spent much time in India. This collection of stories draw from those experiences, where tales of tigers, leopards, crocodiles, elephants and monkeys are part of the cultural fabric. These range from short vignettes to several multi-part stories, all sure to entertain. - Summary by Larry Wilson

Dr. Andrew Wilson FRSE was a Scottish physiologist and zoologist and lecturer in zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the preface of this book, he writes: "...the chief aim of the work is to present in a popular and readily understood form, the chief evidences of the evolution of living beings. In this view, whilst I have been content to assume the reality of that process, I have also endeavoured to marshal the more prominent facts of zoology and botany, which serve to prove that evolution, broadly considered is not merely a name for an unknown tendency in nature, but is an actual factor in the work of moulding the life with which the universe teems." - Summary by J. M. Smallheer

17State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1913 - 1922)

By Warren G. Harding and Thomas Woodrow Wilson

The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, typically delivered annually. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. This album contains recordings of addresses from Woodrow Wilson and Warren Harding. - Summary by Wikipedia

18Able McLaughlins

By Margaret Wilson

The Able McLaughlins won the Pulitzer Prize for a novel in 1924 in Margaret Wilson's debut work. Aptly described as "Little House on the Prairie - but for adults" the novel follows a group of Scottish families who pioneer the Iowa prairie in the 1860’s. The main storyline concerns Wully, the eldest McLaughlin son, who returns home from the Civil War to find that his sweetheart, Chirstie, has experienced an unspeakable tragedy that will profoundly affect the couple's lives. Their story is one of shame and honor, secrets and guilt, fear and loathing, revenge and forgiveness. But perhaps the stars of the novel are the strong older women such as Wully’s mother, Isobel, whose love and matriarchal strength keeps the family together as well as Chirstie’s stepmother, Barbara, who finds ways to make her good-for-nothing husband keep his promises. Interlaced with the plots are richly detailed descriptions of frontier prairie life, the love that families share, and the relationships within the Scottish immigrant community. (Warren Kati)

19Wolves of God and Other Fey Stories

By Algernon Blackwood and Wilfred Wilson

Renowned author of weird fiction Algernon Blackwood, in collaboration with unknown author Wilfred Wilson, brings us a magical, sinster and ethereal collection of stories of pagan sacrifice, reincarnation, beastly vengeance and other bizarre scenarios that one often comes across when waltzing through the macabre. - Summary by Ben Tucker

20Literature of Arabia

By Epiphanius Wilson

A collection of many romantic stories: it has no epic unity. It will remind the reader of the "Morte d'Arthur" of Sir Thomas Malory, rather than of the "Iliad." The author chose the most striking of these episodes as best calculated to serve as genuine specimens of Arabian literature. They will transport the modern reader into a new world—which is yet the old, long vanished world of pastoral simplicity and warlike enthusiasm, in primitive Arabia. - Summary by Epiphanius Wilson

What Robert Dick Wilson then believed, and now believes with all his heart is this: that textual and historical Biblical controversies should be taken out of the region of subjective personal opinion, into the region of objective, clearly attested fact. It was to this task that he set himself, and no labor was to be too long or too tedious or exacting to enable him to reach that goal. - Summary by Philip E. Howard

Published between 1833 and 1841, the 90 Tracts were written by various members of "The Oxford Movement". They cover various aspects of Anglo-Catholic doctrine and other theological matters. The lead was taken by John Henry Newman (who made the largest contribution), but several other churchmen associated with Oxford University were also involved, among them John Keble, Hurrell Froude, and Edward Pusey. Among the newly written tracts were also re-prints of works from previous generations. The Tracts are of various lengths, ranging from a few pages to book-length works. The format and cheap prices, meant that the Tracts were widely disseminated. Volumes 1 and 2 also had new translations of the works of the early Fathers of the church appended to the end.<br><br> Volume 1 contains Tracts 1 to 46, along with 18 "Records of the Church". These last include all the extant epistles of St. Ignatius, alongside works by Justin Martyr, Irenæus, Clement of Alexandria, and Tertullian. Four accounts of martyrdoms and a tale of St. John round out the collection. (Summary by Beeswaxcandle)

23Old Master and Other Political Essays

By Thomas Woodrow Wilson

This is a collection of five essays published by Woodrow Wilson in 1893, while he was Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University (still known at the time of publication as The College of New Jersey). They had originally appeared in The New Princeton Review and The Atlantic Monthly. The essays included are The Old Master, The Study of Politics, Political Sovereignty, Character of Democracy in the United States, and Government Under the Constitution. - Summary by Ciufi Galeazzi

24Wrong Twin

By Harry Leon Wilson

With their father Dave, a classic rolling stone, out on the road, twins Merle and Wilbur lead a haphazard life. But at least they have each other. That is, until the Whipples, the richest family in town, decide to adopt one of the boys. - Summary by Mark Leder

In terms of population, in terms of development and in terms of wealth, Victoria boomed in the 1850s and 1860s due to the Gold Rush. Undeniably, the colony had money to burn. Surprise port visits by the Russian corvette Bogatyr and the Confederate warship Shenandoah in the 1860s awakened in Victoria a deep sense of vulnerability, and Victorians set their minds to a new domestic project – a decades long pursuit of security. That effort would ultimately give rise to extensive coastal fortifications, militia and artillery formations both voluntary and professional, sea mines, and a small but not inconsequential naval flotilla whose backbone would be the formidable ironclad H.M.V.S. Cerberus. Not that these efforts were confined to Victoria alone. The not-infrequently perilous straits of the Mother Country as it navigated the treacherous shoals of European politics and global empire provided ample reasons for insomnia. To varying degrees the other states too had constituted forces, and most made a start at acquiring ‘warships’—an assemblage tending more to the ‘dinky’ side than that term might otherwise suggest. But where naval matters were concerned New South Wales made something of a false start, while Queensland and South Australia simply started late. Whether this is because the issue didn’t resonate as much in the other colonies, or whether Victoria simply had larger resources to sink into an inherently (economically) unproductive project is not immediately obvious. Efforts _were_ made in all the colonies, however and joint defence and a federal fleet would be a not insignificant impetus towards Federation. The Australian colonies would largely abandon armaments acquisition with the depression of the 1890s, but the arrival of Theodore Roosevelt’s Great White Fleet in 1908 exercised popular imagination, and the recently federated Commonwealth of Australia set about acquiring a new navy. This new Royal Australian Navy, lead by the battle-cruiser HMAS Australia, steamed into Sydney Harbour for the first time in late 1913. This new institution would be tested far more strenuously than the naval forces of the unfederated colonies ever were. My appreciation to the [url=” https://www.cerberus.com.au/index.html]”Friends of the Cerberus[/url] for their extensive online resources. - Summary by Alister