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This report results from a contract tasking St. Petersburg Institute For Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: Formal Methods for Information Protection Technology The use of open computer networks as an environment for exchange of information across the globe in distributed applications requires improved security measures on the network, in particular, to information resources used in applications. Integrity, confidentiality and availability of the network resources must be assured. To detect and suppress different types of computer unauthorized intrusions, modern network security systems (NSS) must be armed with various protection means and be able to accumulate experience in order to increase its ability to front against known types of intrusions, and to learn new types of intrusions. The project will perform three main tasks. 1. Develop a mathematical model and a tool that simulates various coordinated intrusion scenarios against computer networks; 2. Develop the mathematical foundations, architecture, and principles of implementation of autonomous-software-tool technology implementing the learning system for intrusion detection; 3. Develop the fundamentals, architecture and software for the computer security system based on multi-level encoding for information protection in mass application. Currently, scientific efforts in network security area are undertaken mainly in the development of the network defense mechanisms. Unfortunately, substantially less attention is paid to the study of the nature of intrusions and, in particular, remote distributed intrusion attempts. No appropriate tools for intrusion/attack simulation nor research on a formal framework for intrusion specification exists.

This report results from a contract tasking St. Petersburg Institute For Informatics & Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences as follows: Formal Methods for Information Protection Technology The use of open computer networks as an environment for exchange of information across the globe in distributed applications requires improved security measures on the network, in particular, to information resources used in applications. Integrity, confidentiality and availability of the network resources must be assured. To detect and suppress different types of computer unauthorized intrusions, modern network security systems (NSS) must be armed with various protection means and be able to accumulate experience in order to increase its ability to front against known types of intrusions, and to learn new types of intrusions. The project will perform three main tasks. 1. Develop a mathematical model and a tool that simulates various coordinated intrusion scenarios against computer networks; 2. Develop the mathematical foundations, architecture, and principles of implementation of autonomous-software-tool technology implementing the learning system for intrusion detection; 3. Develop the fundamentals, architecture and software for the computer security system based on multi-level encoding for information protection in mass application. Currently, scientific efforts in network security area are undertaken mainly in the development of the network defense mechanisms. Unfortunately, substantially less attention is paid to the study of the nature of intrusions and, in particular, remote distributed intrusion attempts. No appropriate tools for intrusion/attack simulation nor research on a formal framework for intrusion specification exists.

A 1993 study compared trends in the structure of qualifications for occupations related to the installation, management, and maintenance of computer networks in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. Staff involved in networks required specialized new skills related to feasibility and design, installation, management, help for users and assistance, and monitoring and maintenance. Initial training was essential only when staff had not participated in setting up and installing the network. Specific, supplementary, continuing training almost always followed. The very diversified and changing nature of techniques related to computer networks made informal experience particularly important. Differences in the recognition of qualifications probably related to such factors as the certification and the degree of sophistication of the certification system. The tasks identified in the six countries were generally the same although the scope of such activities varied. In all countries, there was a more or less formal recognition of the tasks of network manager and network maintenance. Three conclusions were reached: the computer network sector was one of the most dynamic in the European economy; interfaces and high quality specialists were needed; and there was a gap between company needs and skills taught by training organizations. (YLB)

Computer Networks 1999: Volume 31 , Issue Index. Digitized from IA1653208-02 . Next issue: sim_computer-networks_1999-01-14_31_1-2_0 .

Computer Networks 2001: Volume 37 , Issue Index. Digitized from IA1652424-05 . Previous issue: sim_computer-networks_2001-08_36_5-6 . Next issue: sim_computer-networks_2001-09_37_1 .

Computer Networks 2002: Volume 39 , Issue Index. Digitized from IA1652424-05 . Previous issue: sim_computer-networks_2002-04-22_38_6 . Next issue: sim_computer-networks_2002-05-15_39_1 .

Three methods of augmenting computer networks by adding at most one link per processor are discussed: (1) A tree of N nodes may be augmented such that the resulting graph has diameter no greater than 4log sub 2((N+2)/3)-2. Thi O(N(3)) algorithm can be applied to any spanning tree of a connected graph to reduce the diameter of that graph to O(log N); (2) Given a binary tree T and a chain C of N nodes each, C may be augmented to produce C so that T is a subgraph of C. This algorithm is O(N) and may be used to produce augmented chains or rings that have diameter no greater than 2log sub 2((N+2)/3) and are planar; (3) Any rectangular two-dimensional 4 (8) nearest neighbor array of size N = 2(k) may be augmented so that it can emulate a single step shuffle-exchange network of size N/2 in 3(t) time steps.

This thesis develops an architecture for dynamic distributed military operations research. This architecture assumes that a network of heterogeneous computing devices connects forces throughout the battlespace. Both the raw data about the battlespace and the operations research models used to analyze this data are accessible to devices on this network. The thesis designs a system using this architecture that invokes operations research network optimization algorithms to solve problems involving movement of people and equipment over dynamic road networks. A specific application is, implemented to help a medic find the nearest aid station using a shortest path algorithm. This application marshals the most current data on unit locations and road conditions (distributed across the computing network) and locates on the network an appropriate algorithm that is then used to construct a solution. The answer is returned to the user as a web page in a form appropriate for his computing device. The application is implemented with existing technologies including the Java computer language, Konig, a Java-based tool for representing networks and graphs, and Hypertext Markup Language, a format for shared information on the Internet. This system uses operations research tools to transform data into decisions in real-time or near real-time.

This research used survey research to explore and describe the use of computer networks by aerospace engineers. The study population included 2000 randomly selected U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists who subscribed to Aerospace Engineering. A total of 950 usable questionnaires were received by the cutoff date of July 1994. Study results contribute to existing knowledge about both computer network use and the nature of engineering work and communication. We found that 74 percent of mail survey respondents personally used computer networks. Electronic mail, file transfer, and remote login were the most widely used applications. Networks were used less often than face-to-face interactions in performing work tasks, but about equally with reading and telephone conversations, and more often than mail or fax. Network use was associated with a range of technical, organizational, and personal factors: lack of compatibility across systems, cost, inadequate access and training, and unwillingness to embrace new technologies and modes of work appear to discourage network use. The greatest positive impacts from networking appear to be increases in the amount of accurate and timely information available, better exchange of ideas across organizational boundaries, and enhanced work flexibility, efficiency, and quality. Involvement with classified or proprietary data and type of organizational structure did not distinguish network users from nonusers. The findings can be used by people involved in the design and implementation of networks in engineering communities to inform the development of more effective networking systems, services, and policies.

This research used survey research to explore and describe the use of computer networks by aerospace engineers. The study population included 2000 randomly selected U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists who subscribed to Aerospace Engineering. A total of 950 usable questionnaires were received by the cutoff date of July 1994. Study results contribute to existing knowledge about both computer network use and the nature of engineering work and communication. We found that 74 percent of mail survey respondents personally used computer networks. Electronic mail, file transfer, and remote login were the most widely used applications. Networks were used less often than face-to-face interactions in performing work tasks, but about equally with reading and telephone conversations, and more often than mail or fax. Network use was associated with a range of technical, organizational, and personal factors: lack of compatibility across systems, cost, inadequate access and training, and unwillingness to embrace new technologies and modes of work appear to discourage network use. The greatest positive impacts from networking appear to be increases in the amount of accurate and timely information available, better exchange of ideas across organizational boundaries, and enhanced work flexibility, efficiency, and quality. Involvement with classified or proprietary data and type of organizational structure did not distinguish network users from nonusers. The findings can be used by people involved in the design and implementation of networks in engineering communities to inform the development of more effective networking systems, services, and policies.

The proliferation of information technology within Department of Defense (DoD) has markedly improved the speed and reach of command and control capabilities. The ease of entry and global availability of network access makes automation linked through networks an optimal medium for sharing information. For the Commanders-in-Chief (CINCs), computer networking has proven especially useful in maintaining contact and sharing data with elements forward deployed as well as with host nation governments and agencies. The significant improvements have come, however, at a high cost in security. Internet access is, by design, wide open to all public networks and to all users, regardless of nationality, language, or intent (criminal or otherwise). Though protection measures are somewhat more robust than in the recent past, virtually any network user is capable of causing serious damage to systems connected to the Internet, as well as trigger isolated collapse of the network itself. The ability to selectively share and deny access to sensitive information with multiple network users has proven a daunting challenge. To date there is no central authoritative body empowered to direct Internet structure or enforce rules of operation. Rather, the very lack of regulation and oversight is seen as the real strength and power of the Internet. Within the regimented world of the DoD there has been in the past little cooperative agreement on how to handle network standardization and upgrade issues, particularly when the warfighting CINCs attempt to use their Title X authority to enhance interoperability among their subordinate service components.

The ability to disrupt, disable, or create military effects with cyber attacks has gained increasing attention in the U.S. military. Unfortunately, the development of information warfare as an offensive tool raises concerns about the vulnerability of the United States, which is highly dependent upon the flow of information. The problem is that the United States may present a more lucrative set of targets for information attack than many of our potential enemies. As the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection argued, the United States is highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks against power grids, the banking system, and communications networks. This dependence upon information, which has profound advantages for the U.S. military, implies that the United States is vulnerable to an attack by determined adversaries and raises questions about the ability of the U.S. military to conduct combat operations.

The use of open computer networks as an environment for exchange of information across the globe in distributed applications requires improved security measures on the network, in particular, to information resources used in applications. Integrity, confidentiality and availability of the network resources must be assured. To detect and suppress different types of computer unauthorized intrusions, modern network security systems (NSS) must be armed with various protection means and be able to accumulate experience in order to increase its ability to front against known types of intrusions, and to learn new types of intrusions. The project will perform three main tasks. 1. Develop a mathematical model and a tool that simulates various coordinated intrusion scenarios against computer networks; 2. Develop the mathematical foundations, architecture, and principles of implementation of autonomous-software-tool technology implementing the learning system for intrusion detection; 3. Develop the fundamentals, architecture and software for the computer security system based on multi-level encoding for information protection in mass application. To detect and suppress different types of computer intrusions, modern NSS must be able to accumulate experience in order to increase its ability to front against known type of attacks/intrusions and to learn unknown simple and complex, local and distributed types of attacks. This requires the use of a powerful intelligent learning subsystem (LS) in NSS. That is why the second task of the project concerns to the development of the formal model, architecture, and software prototype of the autonomous intelligent learning system for detection of the attacks/intrusions against computer network.

'Coordination between Computer Networks (1-Apr-1992)' from the Parliament Digital Library

'Coordination between Computer Networks (1-Apr-1992)' from the Parliament Digital Library

Computer Networks 16 By Adda 247

This paper presents a distributed algorithm for constructing minimal spanning trees in computer-communication networks. The algorithm can be executed concurrently and asynchronously by the different computers of the network. This algorithm is also suitable for constructing minimal spanning trees using a multiprocessor computer system. There are many reasons for constructing minimal spanning trees in computer-communication networks since minimal spanning tree routing is useful in distributed operating systems for performing broadcase, in adaptive routing algorithms for transmitting delay estimates, and in other networks like the Packet Radio Network.

This paper presents a distributed algorithm for constructing minimal spanning trees in computer-communication networks. The algorithm can be executed concurrently and asynchronously by the different computers of the network. This algorithm is also suitable for constructing minimal spanning trees using a multiprocessor computer system. There are many reasons for constructing minimal spanning trees in computer-communication networks since minimal spanning tree routing is useful in distributed operating systems for performing broadcase, in adaptive routing algorithms for transmitting delay estimates, and in other networks like the Packet Radio Network.

Includes bibliographical references and index

Includes bibliographical references and index

ix, 417 pages

ix, 417 pages

ADA057906

ADA057906

ADA057906

 This paper discusses a problem about dynamic system identification over computer networks. A method to identify mathematical models of controlled objects over computer networks is proposed based on modified 1bit delta-sigma transformations and least squares methods for ARX models. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified based on numerical simulations and experiments. In the experiments, mathematical models of a DC motor are identified by using input-output signals of the DC motor over the developed computer network.

Computer Networks 4 By Adda 247 

Copy of a heavily shared, historic video - 1972 computer networks the heralds of resource sharing arpanet 1972 This copy was generated using https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjZ7ktIlSM0 as a source

Includes index

Includes index

Includes index

Operational Technology (OT) networks are critical to mission operations on many naval platforms, yet it is often difficult to effectively communicate their status and engage in efficient decision-making at all levels of operation. While the complexity of networks has increased, visualization methods suiting the needs of a diverse set of users have not kept up. To address this problem, this research evaluated whether visualization, provided to a small group of operators acting in a shared work environment on network management, can be supported using commercial off-the-shelf, lightweight, portable augmented reality (AR) technology. The work included building a prototype AR OT network on a U.S. Navy guided missile destroyer (DDG) three-dimensional model with four decks and simulated interconnected ship systems. We then designed and implemented a network infrastructure between a set of Hololenses, and built an application that allowed multiple users to collaborate by viewing the same virtual model in a real-world space setting. A study tested the system interface's usability and its value in network management scenarios. The results suggest that a lightweight AR system, with an interface that supports small-team collaboration, could be a valuable tool for increasing situational awareness in cyberspace and allowing effective team decision-making.

Inside computer networks, different information processing tasks are necessary to deliver the user data efficiently. This processing can also be done in the quantum domain. We present simple optical quantum networks where the orbital angular momentum of a single photon is used as an ancillary degree of freedom which controls decisions at the network level. Linear optical elements are enough to provide important network primitives like multiplexing and routing. First we show how to build a simple multiplexer and demultiplexer which combine photonic qubits and separate them again at the receiver. We also give two different self-routing networks where the OAM of an input photon is enough to make it find its desired destination.

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.

th

th

vii, 173 p. : 25 cm

vii, 173 p. : 25 cm

vii, 173 p. : 25 cm

In spite of the fact that wireless network technology has been available for long period of time, there has been very limited wireless networks deployments around the world before 1997 due to the lack of widely recognized standard for wireless networks. Thanks to the approval of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards in 1997, the world has witnessed tremendous deployment and proliferation of wireless networks in all aspects of life. Although the IEEE 802.11 family of standards has been ratified to design radio transceivers for wireless computer stations capable of interconnecting with other wireless computer stations in close proximity, the technology has been successfully employed to design and implement wireless networks with great number of distant wireless computer stations with reasonable data throughput and flexibility. This thesis explores the wireless network technology and the primary building blocks and components of a wireless network. It also explores the IEEE 802.11 standard and its technical specifications including the Physical layer (PHY), the Media Access Control layer (MAC) and the ongoing task forces. Additionally, the thesis examines the wireless network security including the vulnerabilities, ongoing improvements and recommendations. Next, it investigates the market for available wireless devices compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard that can be used to build a wireless network with high data throughput and high level of security. Subsequently, the thesis formulates a design plan for civilian wireless network with different scenarios in order to provide a speedy solution to the limited broadband service availability in the Sultanate of Oman. Additionally, the thesis formulates a generic design plan for a military wireless network with different scenarios that can be rapidly deployed in the field of operations.

In spite of the fact that wireless network technology has been available for long period of time, there has been very limited wireless networks deployments around the world before 1997 due to the lack of widely recognized standard for wireless networks. Thanks to the approval of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards in 1997, the world has witnessed tremendous deployment and proliferation of wireless networks in all aspects of life. Although the IEEE 802.11 family of standards has been ratified to design radio transceivers for wireless computer stations capable of interconnecting with other wireless computer stations in close proximity, the technology has been successfully employed to design and implement wireless networks with great number of distant wireless computer stations with reasonable data throughput and flexibility. This thesis explores the wireless network technology and the primary building blocks and components of a wireless network. It also explores the IEEE 802.11 standard and its technical specifications including the Physical layer (PHY), the Media Access Control layer (MAC) and the ongoing task forces. Additionally, the thesis examines the wireless network security including the vulnerabilities, ongoing improvements and recommendations. Next, it investigates the market for available wireless devices compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard that can be used to build a wireless network with high data throughput and high level of security. Subsequently, the thesis formulates a design plan for civilian wireless network with different scenarios in order to provide a speedy solution to the limited broadband service availability in the Sultanate of Oman. Additionally, the thesis formulates a generic design plan for a military wireless network with different scenarios that can be rapidly deployed in the field of operations.

Thesis advisor, Jon T. Butler

Thesis advisor, Jon T. Butler

Download the bundle ruanyf-book-computer-networks_-_2018-08-25_02-40-37.bundle and run: git clone ruanyf-book-computer-networks_-_2018-08-25_02-40-37.bundle -b master Free E-Book: Computer Networks - A Systems Approach Computer Networks: A Systems Approach A free ebook. Built upon the source from SystemsApproach/book . Read online https://book.systemsapproach.org License Title: Computer Networks: A Systems Approach Authors: Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie Copyright: Elsevier, 2012 Source: https://github.com/SystemsApproach License: CC BY 4.0 Source: https://github.com/ruanyf/book-computer-networks Uploader: ruanyf Upload date: 2018-08-25

Computer Networks 15 By Adda 247 

Computer Networks 15 By Adda 247