Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

Performance on tests of interoceptive accuracy typically correlates with a particular type of brain activity, the Heartbeat Evoked Potential (HEP) (Brewer et al., 2021). However, whether variation in the HEP represents psychological differences in heartbeat detection or physiological differences in, for example, systolic blood pressure (O’Brien et al., 1998) or resting heart rate (Knapp-Kline and Kline, 2005) remains unclear. This question is poorly understood as all previous research has employed a between-subjects design comparing the HEP in interoceptive and non-interoceptive participants, or has adopted an individual differences approach correlating interoceptive accuracy with the HEP (Coll et al., 2021). To understand whether the HEP reflects detection of heartbeats, or simply represents between-subjects differences in physiological parameters, a within-subjects analysis is required. The present study therefore aims to investigate what the HEP is measuring, and, in turn, the adequacy of HEP as a marker of interoceptive ability. In addition, interoceptive abilities seem to be key for emotion regulation (Füstös et al., 2013; Kever et al., 2015) and, thus, interoception has been linked to empathy (Bird and Viding, 2014; Terasawa et al., 2014) and altruism (Piech et al., 2017). As part of this project, one study will also investigate the relationship between interoception and multiple measures of empathy. While much research has investigated the processing of interoceptive states in oneself, very little research has investigated how we process these same states in others, beyond emotional displays. Where emotions are concerned, individuals high in alexithymia (difficulties recognising and explaining one’s own emotions), also experience difficulties recognising others’ emotions (Jongen et al., 2014; Heaton et al., 2012). Preliminary investigations using explicit recognition tasks suggest that increased interoceptive processing in the self also leads to more accurate recognition of others’ internal states (Carr et al., in prep). Alongside this, in an explicit classification task, higher interoceptive processing in oneself appears related to an increased propensity to assign an interoceptive label, over an action label, to others (Carr et al., in prep). Despite these findings, research is yet to investigate the implicit recognition and interpretation of others’ interoceptive states. Therefore, using fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS), the current study aims to investigate the implicit recognition and classification of images of individuals posing interoceptive states and its relationship with the processing of interoceptive states in the self and the explicit classification of interoceptive states.

Performance on tests of interoceptive accuracy typically correlates with a particular type of brain activity, the Heartbeat Evoked Potential (HEP) (Brewer et al., 2021). However, whether variation in the HEP represents psychological differences in heartbeat detection or physiological differences in, for example, systolic blood pressure (O’Brien et al., 1998) or resting heart rate (Knapp-Kline and Kline, 2005) remains unclear. This question is poorly understood as all previous research has employed a between-subjects design comparing the HEP in interoceptive and non-interoceptive participants, or has adopted an individual differences approach correlating interoceptive accuracy with the HEP (Coll et al., 2021). To understand whether the HEP reflects detection of heartbeats, or simply represents between-subjects differences in physiological parameters, a within-subjects analysis is required. The present study therefore aims to investigate what the HEP is measuring, and, in turn, the adequacy of HEP as a marker of interoceptive ability. In addition, interoceptive abilities seem to be key for emotion regulation (Füstös et al., 2013; Kever et al., 2015) and, thus, interoception has been linked to empathy (Bird and Viding, 2014; Terasawa et al., 2014) and altruism (Piech et al., 2017). As part of this project, one study will also investigate the relationship between interoception and multiple measures of empathy. While much research has investigated the processing of interoceptive states in oneself, very little research has investigated how we process these same states in others, beyond emotional displays. Where emotions are concerned, individuals high in alexithymia (difficulties recognising and explaining one’s own emotions), also experience difficulties recognising others’ emotions (Jongen et al., 2014; Heaton et al., 2012). Preliminary investigations using explicit recognition tasks suggest that increased interoceptive processing in the self also leads to more accurate recognition of others’ internal states (Carr et al., in prep). Alongside this, in an explicit classification task, higher interoceptive processing in oneself appears related to an increased propensity to assign an interoceptive label, over an action label, to others (Carr et al., in prep). Despite these findings, research is yet to investigate the implicit recognition and interpretation of others’ interoceptive states. Therefore, using fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS), the current study aims to investigate the implicit recognition and classification of images of individuals posing interoceptive states and its relationship with the processing of interoceptive states in the self and the explicit classification of interoceptive states.

This project will explore whether men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) exhibit distinct patterns of social cognitive functioning compared to other types of offenders and non-offenders. Specifically, the study will assess two core components of social cognition—empathy and emotion decoding—across five male groups: specialist IPVAW perpetrators (those whose violence is exclusively directed at intimate partners), generalist IPVAW perpetrators (those who have also committed violence against others), violent offenders not involved in IPVAW, non-violent offenders, and individuals with no criminal record.

This project will explore whether men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) exhibit distinct patterns of social cognitive functioning compared to other types of offenders and non-offenders. Specifically, the study will assess two core components of social cognition—empathy and emotion decoding—across five male groups: specialist IPVAW perpetrators (those whose violence is exclusively directed at intimate partners), generalist IPVAW perpetrators (those who have also committed violence against others), violent offenders not involved in IPVAW, non-violent offenders, and individuals with no criminal record.

Book digitized by Google from the library of University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

26

26