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Adventurers Local 381 meets their match, and enters THE BONE ZONE.Toss a coin to your DM at: ko-fi.com/weslaythingsThis episode edited by Andy Gabor. Recorded September 22nd, 2019.Photo by Mathew Schwartz on Unsplash.

?Juliet and Carter are joined by Emma Camp from Reason Magazine. Emma begins by introducing an article from The Atlantic titled, \"Separating Sports by Sex Doesn't Make Sense,\" challenging the author's notion that sexual dimorphism is merely a social construct. They discuss the reasoning behind separating sports by sex, the difference between sex and gender, and the libertarian perspective on the issue. Next, Emma reveals the plight of minors incarcerated by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, who are kept in cells and away from bathrooms for 22 hours a day, forcing them to urinate and defecate in any available item. Finally, the group discusses Italy's election of Giorgia Meloni and potential threats to liberty from both the left and the right.Emma Camp is an Assistant Editor at Reason. Her work has previously appeared in The New York Times, CommonSense, RealClear Policy, and Persuasion.Follow her on Twitter at: @emmma_camp_The video version of this episode is available here:https://unsafespace.com/ep0862Links Referenced in the Show:Separating Sports by Sex Doesn't Make Sense:https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2022/09/sports-gender-sex-segregation-coed/671460/The plight of youth in Texas prisons:https://www.texastribune.org/2022/09/12/texas-juvenile-prisons-crisis/2018 Texas arrest data:https://www.dps.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/crimereports/18/citch9.pdfJuvenile arrest trends (national):https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/JAR_Display.aspJuvenile violent crime arrests in Texas:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/line/3126-juvenile-violent-crime-arrestsThe Hogg Foundation for Mental Health:https://hogg.utexas.edu/texas-juvenile-justice-departmentGiorgia Meloni's election:https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/09/italy-election-far-right-winner-giorgia-meloni-fascism/671556/About Narrative Dissonance\"Narrative Dissonance\" is a weekly series dedicated to shattering the narrative of the mainstream press. Each week, a team of panelists from alternative media sources unravel the latest misleading mainstream narratives and explore relevant stories that journalists in the corporate press ought to be covering, but aren't. Thanks for Watching!The best way to follow Unsafe Space, no matter which platforms ban us, is to visit:https://unsafespace.comWhile we're still allowed on YouTube, please don't forget to verify that you're subscribed, and to like and share this episode. You can find us there at:https://unsafespace.com/channelFor episode clips, visit:https://unsafespace.com/clipsOther video platforms on which our content can be found include:LBRY: https://lbry.tv/@unsafeBitChute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/unsafespace/Also, come join our community of dangerous thinkers at the following social media sites...at least until we get banned:Censorship-averse platforms:Gab: @unsafeMinds: @unsafeLocals: unsafespace.locals.comParler: @unsafespaceTelegram Chat: https://t.me/joinchat/H4OUclXTz4xwF9EapZekPgCensorship-happy platforms:Twitter: @_unsafespaceFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsafepageInstagram: @_unsafespaceMeWe: https://mewe.com/p/unsafespaceSupport the content that you consume by visiting:https://unsafespace.com/donateFinally, don't forget to announce your status as a wrong-thinker with some Unsafe Space merch, available at:https://unsafespace.com/shop

?Juliet and Carter are joined by Emma Camp from Reason Magazine. Emma begins by introducing an article from The Atlantic titled, \"Separating Sports by Sex Doesn't Make Sense,\" challenging the author's notion that sexual dimorphism is merely a social construct. They discuss the reasoning behind separating sports by sex, the difference between sex and gender, and the libertarian perspective on the issue. Next, Emma reveals the plight of minors incarcerated by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, who are kept in cells and away from bathrooms for 22 hours a day, forcing them to urinate and defecate in any available item. Finally, the group discusses Italy's election of Giorgia Meloni and potential threats to liberty from both the left and the right.Emma Camp is an Assistant Editor at Reason. Her work has previously appeared in The New York Times, CommonSense, RealClear Policy, and Persuasion.Follow her on Twitter at: @emmma_camp_The video version of this episode is available here:https://unsafespace.com/ep0862Links Referenced in the Show:Separating Sports by Sex Doesn't Make Sense:https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2022/09/sports-gender-sex-segregation-coed/671460/The plight of youth in Texas prisons:https://www.texastribune.org/2022/09/12/texas-juvenile-prisons-crisis/2018 Texas arrest data:https://www.dps.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/crimereports/18/citch9.pdfJuvenile arrest trends (national):https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/JAR_Display.aspJuvenile violent crime arrests in Texas:https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/line/3126-juvenile-violent-crime-arrestsThe Hogg Foundation for Mental Health:https://hogg.utexas.edu/texas-juvenile-justice-departmentGiorgia Meloni's election:https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/09/italy-election-far-right-winner-giorgia-meloni-fascism/671556/About Narrative Dissonance\"Narrative Dissonance\" is a weekly series dedicated to shattering the narrative of the mainstream press. Each week, a team of panelists from alternative media sources unravel the latest misleading mainstream narratives and explore relevant stories that journalists in the corporate press ought to be covering, but aren't. Thanks for Watching!The best way to follow Unsafe Space, no matter which platforms ban us, is to visit:https://unsafespace.comWhile we're still allowed on YouTube, please don't forget to verify that you're subscribed, and to like and share this episode. You can find us there at:https://unsafespace.com/channelFor episode clips, visit:https://unsafespace.com/clipsOther video platforms on which our content can be found include:LBRY: https://lbry.tv/@unsafeBitChute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/unsafespace/Also, come join our community of dangerous thinkers at the following social media sites...at least until we get banned:Censorship-averse platforms:Gab: @unsafeMinds: @unsafeLocals: unsafespace.locals.comParler: @unsafespaceTelegram Chat: https://t.me/joinchat/H4OUclXTz4xwF9EapZekPgCensorship-happy platforms:Twitter: @_unsafespaceFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsafepageInstagram: @_unsafespaceMeWe: https://mewe.com/p/unsafespaceSupport the content that you consume by visiting:https://unsafespace.com/donateFinally, don't forget to announce your status as a wrong-thinker with some Unsafe Space merch, available at:https://unsafespace.com/shop

J. Edgar Hoover and Howard Hughes clean up the podcast industry JFK galvanized into giving a damn two and a half years' secret war against the secret state the U.S. in Southeast Asia: not just "the Vietnam War," but the technocrats' fuckfest W. Averell Harriman and Henry Cabot Lodge take matters, sorry, murders into their own hands the American University and Civil Rights speeches it wasn't supposed to be Dallas: CIA assassination attempt #1, November 2, 1963, Chicago

In this episode of Quah (Q & A), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat, the effectiveness of strength training to improve bone density, ways to maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements, and how to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights. Parents just don't understand. (5:02) Mind Pump Movie Reviews: Cruella on Disney+ and Army of the Dead on Netflix. (10:23) Sal's new theory on why the Government is releasing all this UFO information. (17:22) When conspiracy theories become mainstream. (19:40) Mind Pump Memorial Day Weekend Update. (21:37) Recapping the episode, Why Women Should Bulk, and the importance of accepting and letting go. (28:12) How Legion's protein powder has been coming in clutch for Justin after his dental work. (30:34) The importance of listening to your gut. (32:23) The scientific reason why women have orgasms. (36:35) The value of being open-minded. (38:43) #Quah question #1 - What are some definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat? (44:47) #Quah question #2 - How effective is strength training to improve bone density? (49:38) #Quah question #3 - How can I better maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements? (55:02) #Quah question #4 - What can I do to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights? (1:00:33) Related Links/Products Mentioned June Promotion: MAPS Prime, Prime Pro, and the Prime Bundle 50% off! **Promo code \"JUNEPRIME\" at checkout** Watch Cruella | Full Movie | Disney+ Army of the Dead | Netflix Official Site A Quiet Place Part II (2020) - IMDb Wuhan Covid lab leak: From the new evidence to China's response, what we know Mind Pump #1565: Why Women Should Bulk Visit Paleo Valley for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"Mindpump15\" at checkout for 15% discount** Visit Legion Athletics for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"mindpump\" at checkout** Why Do Women Have Orgasms? | IFLScience Dunning-Kruger Effect | Psychology Today 5 Long-Term Benefits of Resistance Training - Mind Pump Blog The (2) BEST Ab Exercises You're NOT Doing Properly (STRONG CORE) | MIND PUMP TV The ONLY Way You Should Be Doing Dumbbell Bicep Curls! - Mind Pump TV Mind Pump Podcast - YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Sal Di Stefano (@mindpumpsal) Instagram Vicki Reynolds (@vicki__reynolds) Instagram Mike Matthews (@muscleforlifefitness) Instagram Layne Norton, PhD (@biolayne) Instagram

In this episode of Quah (Q & A), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat, the effectiveness of strength training to improve bone density, ways to maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements, and how to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights. Parents just don't understand. (5:02) Mind Pump Movie Reviews: Cruella on Disney+ and Army of the Dead on Netflix. (10:23) Sal's new theory on why the Government is releasing all this UFO information. (17:22) When conspiracy theories become mainstream. (19:40) Mind Pump Memorial Day Weekend Update. (21:37) Recapping the episode, Why Women Should Bulk, and the importance of accepting and letting go. (28:12) How Legion's protein powder has been coming in clutch for Justin after his dental work. (30:34) The importance of listening to your gut. (32:23) The scientific reason why women have orgasms. (36:35) The value of being open-minded. (38:43) #Quah question #1 - What are some definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat? (44:47) #Quah question #2 - How effective is strength training to improve bone density? (49:38) #Quah question #3 - How can I better maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements? (55:02) #Quah question #4 - What can I do to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights? (1:00:33) Related Links/Products Mentioned June Promotion: MAPS Prime, Prime Pro, and the Prime Bundle 50% off! **Promo code \"JUNEPRIME\" at checkout** Watch Cruella | Full Movie | Disney+ Army of the Dead | Netflix Official Site A Quiet Place Part II (2020) - IMDb Wuhan Covid lab leak: From the new evidence to China's response, what we know Mind Pump #1565: Why Women Should Bulk Visit Paleo Valley for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"Mindpump15\" at checkout for 15% discount** Visit Legion Athletics for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"mindpump\" at checkout** Why Do Women Have Orgasms? | IFLScience Dunning-Kruger Effect | Psychology Today 5 Long-Term Benefits of Resistance Training - Mind Pump Blog The (2) BEST Ab Exercises You're NOT Doing Properly (STRONG CORE) | MIND PUMP TV The ONLY Way You Should Be Doing Dumbbell Bicep Curls! - Mind Pump TV Mind Pump Podcast - YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Sal Di Stefano (@mindpumpsal) Instagram Vicki Reynolds (@vicki__reynolds) Instagram Mike Matthews (@muscleforlifefitness) Instagram Layne Norton, PhD (@biolayne) Instagram

In this episode of Quah (Q & A), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat, the effectiveness of strength training to improve bone density, ways to maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements, and how to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights. Parents just don't understand. (5:02) Mind Pump Movie Reviews: Cruella on Disney+ and Army of the Dead on Netflix. (10:23) Sal's new theory on why the Government is releasing all this UFO information. (17:22) When conspiracy theories become mainstream. (19:40) Mind Pump Memorial Day Weekend Update. (21:37) Recapping the episode, Why Women Should Bulk, and the importance of accepting and letting go. (28:12) How Legion's protein powder has been coming in clutch for Justin after his dental work. (30:34) The importance of listening to your gut. (32:23) The scientific reason why women have orgasms. (36:35) The value of being open-minded. (38:43) #Quah question #1 - What are some definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat? (44:47) #Quah question #2 - How effective is strength training to improve bone density? (49:38) #Quah question #3 - How can I better maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements? (55:02) #Quah question #4 - What can I do to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights? (1:00:33) Related Links/Products Mentioned June Promotion: MAPS Prime, Prime Pro, and the Prime Bundle 50% off! **Promo code \"JUNEPRIME\" at checkout** Watch Cruella | Full Movie | Disney+ Army of the Dead | Netflix Official Site A Quiet Place Part II (2020) - IMDb Wuhan Covid lab leak: From the new evidence to China's response, what we know Mind Pump #1565: Why Women Should Bulk Visit Paleo Valley for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"Mindpump15\" at checkout for 15% discount** Visit Legion Athletics for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"mindpump\" at checkout** Why Do Women Have Orgasms? | IFLScience Dunning-Kruger Effect | Psychology Today 5 Long-Term Benefits of Resistance Training - Mind Pump Blog The (2) BEST Ab Exercises You're NOT Doing Properly (STRONG CORE) | MIND PUMP TV The ONLY Way You Should Be Doing Dumbbell Bicep Curls! - Mind Pump TV Mind Pump Podcast - YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Sal Di Stefano (@mindpumpsal) Instagram Vicki Reynolds (@vicki__reynolds) Instagram Mike Matthews (@muscleforlifefitness) Instagram Layne Norton, PhD (@biolayne) Instagram

In this episode of Quah (Q & A), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat, the effectiveness of strength training to improve bone density, ways to maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements, and how to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights. Parents just don't understand. (5:02) Mind Pump Movie Reviews: Cruella on Disney+ and Army of the Dead on Netflix. (10:23) Sal's new theory on why the Government is releasing all this UFO information. (17:22) When conspiracy theories become mainstream. (19:40) Mind Pump Memorial Day Weekend Update. (21:37) Recapping the episode, Why Women Should Bulk, and the importance of accepting and letting go. (28:12) How Legion's protein powder has been coming in clutch for Justin after his dental work. (30:34) The importance of listening to your gut. (32:23) The scientific reason why women have orgasms. (36:35) The value of being open-minded. (38:43) #Quah question #1 - What are some definitive ways to know if you are gaining muscle and not fat? (44:47) #Quah question #2 - How effective is strength training to improve bone density? (49:38) #Quah question #3 - How can I better maintain a tight core for a whole set when doing bent-over movements? (55:02) #Quah question #4 - What can I do to build confidence in the gym and not be intimidated by people lifting heavy weights? (1:00:33) Related Links/Products Mentioned June Promotion: MAPS Prime, Prime Pro, and the Prime Bundle 50% off! **Promo code \"JUNEPRIME\" at checkout** Watch Cruella | Full Movie | Disney+ Army of the Dead | Netflix Official Site A Quiet Place Part II (2020) - IMDb Wuhan Covid lab leak: From the new evidence to China's response, what we know Mind Pump #1565: Why Women Should Bulk Visit Paleo Valley for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"Mindpump15\" at checkout for 15% discount** Visit Legion Athletics for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Code \"mindpump\" at checkout** Why Do Women Have Orgasms? | IFLScience Dunning-Kruger Effect | Psychology Today 5 Long-Term Benefits of Resistance Training - Mind Pump Blog The (2) BEST Ab Exercises You're NOT Doing Properly (STRONG CORE) | MIND PUMP TV The ONLY Way You Should Be Doing Dumbbell Bicep Curls! - Mind Pump TV Mind Pump Podcast - YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Sal Di Stefano (@mindpumpsal) Instagram Vicki Reynolds (@vicki__reynolds) Instagram Mike Matthews (@muscleforlifefitness) Instagram Layne Norton, PhD (@biolayne) Instagram

Lindy Hop performance to "Closer to the Bone" by Louis Prima, performed by Crazylegs Lindy Hop troupe at the Connecticut Lindy Exchange (CTLX) on June 11, 2005. Choreographed by Adam LaMontagne and Camille Fontanella. More info at http://www.crazylegs.org

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A long time Lake Orion resident is in need of a bone marrow transplant and she is asking the community for help!

This study is a collaboration between the Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum (AUMC), the Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA) and the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (AVL), and is part of a larger project, organized by the AVL. This project entails the design of an implantable, prosthetic device which will enable laryngectomized patients (people who have had their larynx removed due to cancer in that area) to speak hands-free by providing the necessary pressure to create trachea-esophageal sounds. We have chosen the manubrium sterni bone (MSB) as implantation site due to its proximity, stability and immobility with regard to the tracheostoma. Before we can conduct a clinical trial to explore the feasibility of this concept, it is necessary to gather information on the bony tissue characteristics of the MSB. Because we aim to develop our implantation protocol based on existing dental implantation protocols, we will compare data collected from the MSB to the mandible, on which extensive research with regard to bone quality has been conducted. This comparison also allows for the calculation of reliable measures of dispersion using a relatively small sample size, as a minimum of 30 unique samples measured in a single study would otherwise be needed (1,2). However, this comparison has its limitations: the MSB and mandible differ in embryological origin (3), and in the fact that the mandible is load-bearing and the MSB is not. In addition, we know from a previous study conducted by our team, in which 49 CT-scans of the MSB were analyzed, that the MSB can be classified as a type IV bone according to the Lekholm & Zarb (L&Z) and Norton & Gamble (N&G) classifications (4,5), whereas the mandible can be classified as either type II in edentulous or type III in dentate specimens (6,7) according to the L&Z classification, and as type I and II according to the N&G classification, depending on the region. Because of these dissimilarities, we chose to also sample the distal radius bone, which resembles the MSB in embryological origin and in the fact that it is not load or weight bearing. We hypothesize that, in making these comparisons, the intersample variability of the mandible, the radius and the MSB will be relatively small. Furthermore, although the L&Z is widely used as a clinical tool, its subjective nature warrants further investigation into bone properties associated with implantation success. Implant survival is dependent on a number of aspects, related to the surgeon, the implant and in particular patient-specific factors such as bone strength, which is a complex term that has been explained in multiple ways since its conception but encompasses material and structural properties (8). These can be further divided into a multitude of characteristics including degree of mineralization, geometry and microarchitecture, depending on the classification (9,10). Some of these characteristics and its subcomponents then, are crucial determinants of primary and secondary implant stability (11). Although historically BMD has been widely used as a predictor for bone strength, it only accounts for roughly 70% (12,13). Add to this architectural parameters, material properties and bone turnover, and a more complete assessment can be made (8,14,15). Traditionally, histomorphometry has been the gold standard for the evaluation of bony microarchitecture ex vivo, although its use has declined because it is a labor intensive method as it requires staining procedures and thin sectioning. It continues, however, to be the only method for examining at tissue or even cellular level (16). In addition, although three-dimensional techniques are being developed in this field (17), histomorphometric analysis is still largely based on histologic two-dimensional imaging. As such, quantitative microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has become a popular method for the examination of bone microarchitecture, and although its application on in vivo tissue is limited to animal studies due to high radiation exposure among others, a number of cadaver studies using micro-CT have shown that microarchitecture can be reliably assessed ex vivo (18). It allows for non-destructive, repeated ex vivo analyses, in which three-dimensional instead of two-dimensional images are created of undecalcified bone specimens (19). It proves to be at least equally reliable in determining certain volumetric and structural indices (20–22), and studies comparing the two techniques have reported high correlations (23,24). In addition, although mineral density is still generally assessed in vivo using conventional CT scanning, micro-CT can be used to measure this in ex vivo specimens (25,26). Whereas our previous study focused primarily on classifying the MSB and determining its geometry, the aim of the present study is to measure microstructural parameters of manubrium sterni bone samples using micro-CT, and to compare them to samples of the distal radius and mandible. These findings will be used to determine the material and design of the implant, implant loading timing and the surgical technique, as well as input in a finite element analysis to evaluate factors such as implant positioning, implant-abutment connection and insertion angles. References: 1. Chang HJ, Huang KC, Wu CH. Determination of sample size in using central limit theorem for Weibull distribution. Int J Inf Manag Sci. 2006 Sep 1;17. 2. Central Limit Theorem [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 26]. Available from: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704_probability/BS704_Probability12.html 3. Galea GL, Zein MR, Allen S, Francis‐West P. Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones. Dev Dyn. 2021 Mar;250(3):414–49. 4. U. Lekholm, G.A. Zarb. Patient Selection and Preparation. In: PI Brånemark, GA Zarb, T Albrektsson Tissue-integrated Prostheses: Osseo-integration in Clinical Dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Company.; 1985. p. 199–209. 5. Norton MR, Gamble C. Bone classification: an objective scale of bone density using the computerized tomography scan. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Feb;12(1):79–84. 6. Shemtov-Yona K. Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study. PloS One. 2021;16(6):e0253283. 7. Oliveira MR, Gonçalves A, Gabrielli MAC, de Andrade CR, Vieira EH, Pereira-Filho VA. Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Quality: Correlation Between Histomorphometric Analysis and Lekholm and Zarb Classification. J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Sep 1;32(6):2114–8. 8. Felsenberg D, Boonen S. The bone quality framework: determinants of bone strength and their interrelationships, and implications for osteoporosis management. Clin Ther. 2005 Jan;27(1):1–11. 9. Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Bone strength and its determinants. Osteoporos Int. 2003 Mar 1;14(3):13–8. 10. Torres-del-Pliego E, Vilaplana L, Güerri-Fernández R, Diez-Pérez A. Measuring Bone Quality. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013 Sep 27;15(11):373. 11. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Bone Quality and Quantity and Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(3):219–37. 12. Nakashima D, Ishii K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawana H, Jinzaki M, Matsumoto M, et al. Quantitative CT-based bone strength parameters for the prediction of novel spinal implant stability using resonance frequency analysis: a cadaveric study involving experimental micro-CT and clinical multislice CT. Eur Radiol Exp. 2019 Jan 22;3:1. 13. Wachter NJ, Augat P, Krischak GD, Sarkar MR, Mentzel M, Kinzl L, et al. Prediction of strength of cortical bone in vitro by microcomputed tomography. Clin Biomech Bristol Avon. 2001 Mar;16(3):252–6. 14. Topoliński T, Mazurkiewicz A, Jung S, Cichański A, Nowicki K. Microarchitecture Parameters Describe Bone Structure and Its Strength Better Than BMD. Sci World J. 2012 May 1;2012:e502781. 15. Wang F, Zheng L, Theopold J, Schleifenbaum S, Heyde CE, Osterhoff G. Methods for bone quality assessment in human bone tissue: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg. 2022 Mar 21;17(1):174. 16. Chavassieux P, Chapurlat R. Interest of Bone Histomorphometry in Bone Pathophysiology Investigation: Foundation, Present, and Future. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Jul 28;13:907914. 17. Yeh SCA, Wilk K, Lin CP, Intini G. In Vivo 3D Histomorphometry Quantifies Bone Apposition and Skeletal Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5580. 18. Monje A, Chan HL, Galindo-Moreno P, Elnayef B, Suarez-Lopez del Amo F, Wang F, et al. Alveolar Bone Architecture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol. 2015 Nov;86(11):1231–48. 19. Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2010 Jul;25(7):1468–86. 20. Thomsen JS, Laib A, Koller B, Prohaska S, Mosekilde Li, Gowin W. Stereological measures of trabecular bone structure: comparison of 3D micro computed tomography with 2D histological sections in human proximal tibial bone biopsies. J Microsc. 2005;218(2):171–9. 21. González-García R, Monje F. Is micro-computed tomography reliable to determine the microstructure of the maxillary alveolar bone? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013 Jul;24(7):730–7. 22. Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, et al. Comparison of anterior and posterior trabecular bone microstructure of human mandible using cone-beam CT and micro CT. BMC Oral Health. 2021 May 8;21(1):249. 23. Müller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van Der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, et al. Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone. 1998 Jul;23(1):59–66. 24. Chappard D, Retailleau-Gaborit N, Legrand E, Baslé MF, Audran M. Comparison insight bone measurements by histomorphometry and microCT. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul;20(7):1177–84. 25. Bodic F, Amouriq Y, Gayet-Delacroix M, Maugars Y, Hamel L, Baslé MF, et al. Relationships between bone mass and micro-architecture at the mandible and iliac bone in edentulous subjects: a dual X-ray absorptiometry, computerised tomography and microcomputed tomography study. Gerodontology. 2012 Jun;29(2):e585-594. 26. Mashiatulla M, Ross RD, Sumner DR. Validation of cortical bone mineral density distribution using micro-computed tomography. Bone. 2017 Jun 1;99:53–61.

This study is a collaboration between the Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum (AUMC), the Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA) and the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (AVL), and is part of a larger project, organized by the AVL. This project entails the design of an implantable, prosthetic device which will enable laryngectomized patients (people who have had their larynx removed due to cancer in that area) to speak hands-free by providing the necessary pressure to create trachea-esophageal sounds. We have chosen the manubrium sterni bone (MSB) as implantation site due to its proximity, stability and immobility with regard to the tracheostoma. Before we can conduct a clinical trial to explore the feasibility of this concept, it is necessary to gather information on the bony tissue characteristics of the MSB. Because we aim to develop our implantation protocol based on existing dental implantation protocols, we will compare data collected from the MSB to the mandible, on which extensive research with regard to bone quality has been conducted. This comparison also allows for the calculation of reliable measures of dispersion using a relatively small sample size, as a minimum of 30 unique samples measured in a single study would otherwise be needed (1,2). However, this comparison has its limitations: the MSB and mandible differ in embryological origin (3), and in the fact that the mandible is load-bearing and the MSB is not. In addition, we know from a previous study conducted by our team, in which 49 CT-scans of the MSB were analyzed, that the MSB can be classified as a type IV bone according to the Lekholm & Zarb (L&Z) and Norton & Gamble (N&G) classifications (4,5), whereas the mandible can be classified as either type II in edentulous or type III in dentate specimens (6,7) according to the L&Z classification, and as type I and II according to the N&G classification, depending on the region. Because of these dissimilarities, we chose to also sample the distal radius bone, which resembles the MSB in embryological origin and in the fact that it is not load or weight bearing. We hypothesize that, in making these comparisons, the intersample variability of the mandible, the radius and the MSB will be relatively small. Furthermore, although the L&Z is widely used as a clinical tool, its subjective nature warrants further investigation into bone properties associated with implantation success. Implant survival is dependent on a number of aspects, related to the surgeon, the implant and in particular patient-specific factors such as bone strength, which is a complex term that has been explained in multiple ways since its conception but encompasses material and structural properties (8). These can be further divided into a multitude of characteristics including degree of mineralization, geometry and microarchitecture, depending on the classification (9,10). Some of these characteristics and its subcomponents then, are crucial determinants of primary and secondary implant stability (11). Although historically BMD has been widely used as a predictor for bone strength, it only accounts for roughly 70% (12,13). Add to this architectural parameters, material properties and bone turnover, and a more complete assessment can be made (8,14,15). Traditionally, histomorphometry has been the gold standard for the evaluation of bony microarchitecture ex vivo, although its use has declined because it is a labor intensive method as it requires staining procedures and thin sectioning. It continues, however, to be the only method for examining at tissue or even cellular level (16). In addition, although three-dimensional techniques are being developed in this field (17), histomorphometric analysis is still largely based on histologic two-dimensional imaging. As such, quantitative microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has become a popular method for the examination of bone microarchitecture, and although its application on in vivo tissue is limited to animal studies due to high radiation exposure among others, a number of cadaver studies using micro-CT have shown that microarchitecture can be reliably assessed ex vivo (18). It allows for non-destructive, repeated ex vivo analyses, in which three-dimensional instead of two-dimensional images are created of undecalcified bone specimens (19). It proves to be at least equally reliable in determining certain volumetric and structural indices (20–22), and studies comparing the two techniques have reported high correlations (23,24). In addition, although mineral density is still generally assessed in vivo using conventional CT scanning, micro-CT can be used to measure this in ex vivo specimens (25,26). Whereas our previous study focused primarily on classifying the MSB and determining its geometry, the aim of the present study is to measure microstructural parameters of manubrium sterni bone samples using micro-CT, and to compare them to samples of the distal radius and mandible. These findings will be used to determine the material and design of the implant, implant loading timing and the surgical technique, as well as input in a finite element analysis to evaluate factors such as implant positioning, implant-abutment connection and insertion angles. References: 1. Chang HJ, Huang KC, Wu CH. Determination of sample size in using central limit theorem for Weibull distribution. Int J Inf Manag Sci. 2006 Sep 1;17. 2. Central Limit Theorem [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 26]. Available from: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704_probability/BS704_Probability12.html 3. Galea GL, Zein MR, Allen S, Francis‐West P. Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones. Dev Dyn. 2021 Mar;250(3):414–49. 4. U. Lekholm, G.A. Zarb. Patient Selection and Preparation. In: PI Brånemark, GA Zarb, T Albrektsson Tissue-integrated Prostheses: Osseo-integration in Clinical Dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Company.; 1985. p. 199–209. 5. Norton MR, Gamble C. Bone classification: an objective scale of bone density using the computerized tomography scan. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Feb;12(1):79–84. 6. Shemtov-Yona K. Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study. PloS One. 2021;16(6):e0253283. 7. Oliveira MR, Gonçalves A, Gabrielli MAC, de Andrade CR, Vieira EH, Pereira-Filho VA. Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Quality: Correlation Between Histomorphometric Analysis and Lekholm and Zarb Classification. J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Sep 1;32(6):2114–8. 8. Felsenberg D, Boonen S. The bone quality framework: determinants of bone strength and their interrelationships, and implications for osteoporosis management. Clin Ther. 2005 Jan;27(1):1–11. 9. Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Bone strength and its determinants. Osteoporos Int. 2003 Mar 1;14(3):13–8. 10. Torres-del-Pliego E, Vilaplana L, Güerri-Fernández R, Diez-Pérez A. Measuring Bone Quality. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013 Sep 27;15(11):373. 11. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Bone Quality and Quantity and Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(3):219–37. 12. Nakashima D, Ishii K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawana H, Jinzaki M, Matsumoto M, et al. Quantitative CT-based bone strength parameters for the prediction of novel spinal implant stability using resonance frequency analysis: a cadaveric study involving experimental micro-CT and clinical multislice CT. Eur Radiol Exp. 2019 Jan 22;3:1. 13. Wachter NJ, Augat P, Krischak GD, Sarkar MR, Mentzel M, Kinzl L, et al. Prediction of strength of cortical bone in vitro by microcomputed tomography. Clin Biomech Bristol Avon. 2001 Mar;16(3):252–6. 14. Topoliński T, Mazurkiewicz A, Jung S, Cichański A, Nowicki K. Microarchitecture Parameters Describe Bone Structure and Its Strength Better Than BMD. Sci World J. 2012 May 1;2012:e502781. 15. Wang F, Zheng L, Theopold J, Schleifenbaum S, Heyde CE, Osterhoff G. Methods for bone quality assessment in human bone tissue: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg. 2022 Mar 21;17(1):174. 16. Chavassieux P, Chapurlat R. Interest of Bone Histomorphometry in Bone Pathophysiology Investigation: Foundation, Present, and Future. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Jul 28;13:907914. 17. Yeh SCA, Wilk K, Lin CP, Intini G. In Vivo 3D Histomorphometry Quantifies Bone Apposition and Skeletal Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5580. 18. Monje A, Chan HL, Galindo-Moreno P, Elnayef B, Suarez-Lopez del Amo F, Wang F, et al. Alveolar Bone Architecture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol. 2015 Nov;86(11):1231–48. 19. Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2010 Jul;25(7):1468–86. 20. Thomsen JS, Laib A, Koller B, Prohaska S, Mosekilde Li, Gowin W. Stereological measures of trabecular bone structure: comparison of 3D micro computed tomography with 2D histological sections in human proximal tibial bone biopsies. J Microsc. 2005;218(2):171–9. 21. González-García R, Monje F. Is micro-computed tomography reliable to determine the microstructure of the maxillary alveolar bone? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013 Jul;24(7):730–7. 22. Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, et al. Comparison of anterior and posterior trabecular bone microstructure of human mandible using cone-beam CT and micro CT. BMC Oral Health. 2021 May 8;21(1):249. 23. Müller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van Der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, et al. Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone. 1998 Jul;23(1):59–66. 24. Chappard D, Retailleau-Gaborit N, Legrand E, Baslé MF, Audran M. Comparison insight bone measurements by histomorphometry and microCT. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul;20(7):1177–84. 25. Bodic F, Amouriq Y, Gayet-Delacroix M, Maugars Y, Hamel L, Baslé MF, et al. Relationships between bone mass and micro-architecture at the mandible and iliac bone in edentulous subjects: a dual X-ray absorptiometry, computerised tomography and microcomputed tomography study. Gerodontology. 2012 Jun;29(2):e585-594. 26. Mashiatulla M, Ross RD, Sumner DR. Validation of cortical bone mineral density distribution using micro-computed tomography. Bone. 2017 Jun 1;99:53–61.

This study is a collaboration between the Amsterdam Universitair Medisch Centrum (AUMC), the Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA) and the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (AVL), and is part of a larger project, organized by the AVL. This project entails the design of an implantable, prosthetic device which will enable laryngectomized patients (people who have had their larynx removed due to cancer in that area) to speak hands-free by providing the necessary pressure to create trachea-esophageal sounds. We have chosen the manubrium sterni bone (MSB) as implantation site due to its proximity, stability and immobility with regard to the tracheostoma. Before we can conduct a clinical trial to explore the feasibility of this concept, it is necessary to gather information on the bony tissue characteristics of the MSB. Because we aim to develop our implantation protocol based on existing dental implantation protocols, we will compare data collected from the MSB to the mandible, on which extensive research with regard to bone quality has been conducted. This comparison also allows for the calculation of reliable measures of dispersion using a relatively small sample size, as a minimum of 30 unique samples measured in a single study would otherwise be needed (1,2). However, this comparison has its limitations: the MSB and mandible differ in embryological origin (3), and in the fact that the mandible is load-bearing and the MSB is not. In addition, we know from a previous study conducted by our team, in which 49 CT-scans of the MSB were analyzed, that the MSB can be classified as a type IV bone according to the Lekholm & Zarb (L&Z) and Norton & Gamble (N&G) classifications (4,5), whereas the mandible can be classified as either type II in edentulous or type III in dentate specimens (6,7) according to the L&Z classification, and as type I and II according to the N&G classification, depending on the region. Because of these dissimilarities, we chose to also sample the distal radius bone, which resembles the MSB in embryological origin and in the fact that it is not load or weight bearing. We hypothesize that, in making these comparisons, the intersample variability of the mandible, the radius and the MSB will be relatively small. Furthermore, although the L&Z is widely used as a clinical tool, its subjective nature warrants further investigation into bone properties associated with implantation success. Implant survival is dependent on a number of aspects, related to the surgeon, the implant and in particular patient-specific factors such as bone strength, which is a complex term that has been explained in multiple ways since its conception but encompasses material and structural properties (8). These can be further divided into a multitude of characteristics including degree of mineralization, geometry and microarchitecture, depending on the classification (9,10). Some of these characteristics and its subcomponents then, are crucial determinants of primary and secondary implant stability (11). Although historically BMD has been widely used as a predictor for bone strength, it only accounts for roughly 70% (12,13). Add to this architectural parameters, material properties and bone turnover, and a more complete assessment can be made (8,14,15). Traditionally, histomorphometry has been the gold standard for the evaluation of bony microarchitecture ex vivo, although its use has declined because it is a labor intensive method as it requires staining procedures and thin sectioning. It continues, however, to be the only method for examining at tissue or even cellular level (16). In addition, although three-dimensional techniques are being developed in this field (17), histomorphometric analysis is still largely based on histologic two-dimensional imaging. As such, quantitative microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has become a popular method for the examination of bone microarchitecture, and although its application on in vivo tissue is limited to animal studies due to high radiation exposure among others, a number of cadaver studies using micro-CT have shown that microarchitecture can be reliably assessed ex vivo (18). It allows for non-destructive, repeated ex vivo analyses, in which three-dimensional instead of two-dimensional images are created of undecalcified bone specimens (19). It proves to be at least equally reliable in determining certain volumetric and structural indices (20–22), and studies comparing the two techniques have reported high correlations (23,24). In addition, although mineral density is still generally assessed in vivo using conventional CT scanning, micro-CT can be used to measure this in ex vivo specimens (25,26). Whereas our previous study focused primarily on classifying the MSB and determining its geometry, the aim of the present study is to measure microstructural parameters of manubrium sterni bone samples using micro-CT, and to compare them to samples of the distal radius and mandible. These findings will be used to determine the material and design of the implant, implant loading timing and the surgical technique, as well as input in a finite element analysis to evaluate factors such as implant positioning, implant-abutment connection and insertion angles. References: 1. Chang HJ, Huang KC, Wu CH. Determination of sample size in using central limit theorem for Weibull distribution. Int J Inf Manag Sci. 2006 Sep 1;17. 2. Central Limit Theorem [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 26]. Available from: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704_probability/BS704_Probability12.html 3. Galea GL, Zein MR, Allen S, Francis‐West P. Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones. Dev Dyn. 2021 Mar;250(3):414–49. 4. U. Lekholm, G.A. Zarb. Patient Selection and Preparation. In: PI Brånemark, GA Zarb, T Albrektsson Tissue-integrated Prostheses: Osseo-integration in Clinical Dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Company.; 1985. p. 199–209. 5. Norton MR, Gamble C. Bone classification: an objective scale of bone density using the computerized tomography scan. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Feb;12(1):79–84. 6. Shemtov-Yona K. Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study. PloS One. 2021;16(6):e0253283. 7. Oliveira MR, Gonçalves A, Gabrielli MAC, de Andrade CR, Vieira EH, Pereira-Filho VA. Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Quality: Correlation Between Histomorphometric Analysis and Lekholm and Zarb Classification. J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Sep 1;32(6):2114–8. 8. Felsenberg D, Boonen S. The bone quality framework: determinants of bone strength and their interrelationships, and implications for osteoporosis management. Clin Ther. 2005 Jan;27(1):1–11. 9. Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Bone strength and its determinants. Osteoporos Int. 2003 Mar 1;14(3):13–8. 10. Torres-del-Pliego E, Vilaplana L, Güerri-Fernández R, Diez-Pérez A. Measuring Bone Quality. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013 Sep 27;15(11):373. 11. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Bone Quality and Quantity and Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(3):219–37. 12. Nakashima D, Ishii K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawana H, Jinzaki M, Matsumoto M, et al. Quantitative CT-based bone strength parameters for the prediction of novel spinal implant stability using resonance frequency analysis: a cadaveric study involving experimental micro-CT and clinical multislice CT. Eur Radiol Exp. 2019 Jan 22;3:1. 13. Wachter NJ, Augat P, Krischak GD, Sarkar MR, Mentzel M, Kinzl L, et al. Prediction of strength of cortical bone in vitro by microcomputed tomography. Clin Biomech Bristol Avon. 2001 Mar;16(3):252–6. 14. Topoliński T, Mazurkiewicz A, Jung S, Cichański A, Nowicki K. Microarchitecture Parameters Describe Bone Structure and Its Strength Better Than BMD. Sci World J. 2012 May 1;2012:e502781. 15. Wang F, Zheng L, Theopold J, Schleifenbaum S, Heyde CE, Osterhoff G. Methods for bone quality assessment in human bone tissue: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg. 2022 Mar 21;17(1):174. 16. Chavassieux P, Chapurlat R. Interest of Bone Histomorphometry in Bone Pathophysiology Investigation: Foundation, Present, and Future. Front Endocrinol. 2022 Jul 28;13:907914. 17. Yeh SCA, Wilk K, Lin CP, Intini G. In Vivo 3D Histomorphometry Quantifies Bone Apposition and Skeletal Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5580. 18. Monje A, Chan HL, Galindo-Moreno P, Elnayef B, Suarez-Lopez del Amo F, Wang F, et al. Alveolar Bone Architecture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol. 2015 Nov;86(11):1231–48. 19. Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2010 Jul;25(7):1468–86. 20. Thomsen JS, Laib A, Koller B, Prohaska S, Mosekilde Li, Gowin W. Stereological measures of trabecular bone structure: comparison of 3D micro computed tomography with 2D histological sections in human proximal tibial bone biopsies. J Microsc. 2005;218(2):171–9. 21. González-García R, Monje F. Is micro-computed tomography reliable to determine the microstructure of the maxillary alveolar bone? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013 Jul;24(7):730–7. 22. Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, et al. Comparison of anterior and posterior trabecular bone microstructure of human mandible using cone-beam CT and micro CT. BMC Oral Health. 2021 May 8;21(1):249. 23. Müller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van Der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, et al. Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone. 1998 Jul;23(1):59–66. 24. Chappard D, Retailleau-Gaborit N, Legrand E, Baslé MF, Audran M. Comparison insight bone measurements by histomorphometry and microCT. J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul;20(7):1177–84. 25. Bodic F, Amouriq Y, Gayet-Delacroix M, Maugars Y, Hamel L, Baslé MF, et al. Relationships between bone mass and micro-architecture at the mandible and iliac bone in edentulous subjects: a dual X-ray absorptiometry, computerised tomography and microcomputed tomography study. Gerodontology. 2012 Jun;29(2):e585-594. 26. Mashiatulla M, Ross RD, Sumner DR. Validation of cortical bone mineral density distribution using micro-computed tomography. Bone. 2017 Jun 1;99:53–61.

xi, 165 p. : 24 cm

ISS-Downlink-Video_Acaba-Synthetic-Bone-Microscope-ops_HD-DL-4_2017_354_1037_597387.mxf

ISS-Downlink-Video_Acaba-Synthetic-Bone-Microscope-ops_HD-DL-4_2017_354_1037_597387.mxf

Team Shierl companies again hosted the "Buy A Bone" campaign throughout the month of April at two locations in Marshfield. This year's total raised was $2,00...

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273 pages ; 22 cm

160 p. : 27 cm

On the south side of County Road 630 and east of State Road 37, is a 200-acre tract of land offers over 8 miles of trails, a hill climb, 2 practice areas, an open play area, picnic areas, with 15 trails, hill climbs and free riding areas, known as Bone Valley ATV Park. It’s one of the newest attractions within Polk County. The park is located at 10427 County Road 630 W. in Mulberry. They are open Thursday thru Monday from 8AM to 7PM June thru September, and 8AM to 5PM October thru May. Keep in mind that State law requires that all ATVs be registered prior to riding on public property and Riders under 16 years of age are required to take a rider's education class prior to riding on public property. For rules, fees and other information you can check them out on the web at BoneValleyATV.com or give them a call at (863) 428-0525 To see more videos like this, go to the PGTV webpage at http://www.Polk-County.net/PGTV.

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Dr. Robert Morse 

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Live at Bone Fire in Abingdon, VA Sept. 23rd 2014

Live at Bone Fire in Abingdon, VA Sept. 23rd 2014

Live at Bone Fire in Abingdon, VA Sept. 23rd 2014

Live at Bone Fire in Abingdon, VA Sept. 23rd 2014

248 pages ; 24 cm

248 pages ; 24 cm

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The Bone Zone 5-22-09

Democratic quip on financial crisis of 2008.

Breast cancer (BC) metastasizes to bone. It is likely bone provides a hospitable environment that attracts BC cells and allows them to colonize and grow. Current models suggest BC-derived cytokines are key to understanding BC metastasis. We hypothesize that osteoblasts can be directed by metastatic BC cells to produce cytokines that are chemoattractants for osteoclasts and cancer cells, and growth or maintenance factors for BC cells. Our purpose is to determine how osteoblast-derived cytokines influence BC metastases to bone. Goals include investigating the production of osteoblast-derived cytokines in response to BC cells or their conditioned medium (CM), the production of bone-derived cytokines in response to BC cells in vivo, and the presence of functional cytokine receptors on osteoblasts and BC cells. Using murine osteoblasts, and human metastatic BC and non-metastatic cells, we found that BC CM treatment increased osteoblast-derived cytokine secretion of IL-6, KC, VEGF, MIP-2, and MCP-1. Maximum induction of osteoblast-derived cytokine secretion occurred with 20 day old cells. Treatment with CM of a bone-seeking cancer variant enhanced osteoblast-derived cytokine production at Day 20. Murine-specific ELISAs showed osteoblast-derived cytokine secretion to MDA-231 variant CM was dose-dependent. No significant changes in osteoblast-derived cytokine secretion were observed in 4 day old cells.

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The Hh pathway has been extensively studied in development and recently has also been shown to be activated in a variety of cancer types thus making it a putative therapeutic target. Our preliminary data indicated that OPN is a transcriptional target of Gli1 = Gli1 is a transcription factor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Research in our laboratory indicates that OPN is under direct control of the Hh pathway as seen by the effect of agonistic Hh pathway ligands and the Hh pathway inhibitor cyclopamine. Moreover we find that the Hh ligands Shh and lhh can stimulate differentiation of osteoblasts. The OPN-containing conditioned medium from the MDA-MB-435 cells is also able to potentiate differentiation of osteoblasts.

suksma too little of each of a lot of horrible things bone boy flacc

the ultimate preset flacc dykes and tikes nz+ pony bone

amandio c the green machine 2 skin lard bone beacon nz+ btbam covers sepultura

amandio c the green machine 2 skin lard bone beacon nz+ btbam covers sepultura

The Bone Zone AM 1050 WLIP 4/17/09

Bone Zone 7-10-09

Bone Zone 7-10-09

Charlotte Turner Smith (1749 – 1806) was an English poet and novelist. She initiated a revival of the English sonnet, helped establish the conventions of Gothic fiction, and wrote political novels of sensibility.<br /><br />It was in 1784, in debtor's prison with her husband Benjamin, that she wrote and published her first work, Elegiac Sonnets. The work achieved instant success, allowing Charlotte to pay for their release from prison. Smith's sonnets helped initiate a revival of the form and granted an aura of respectability to her later novels.<br /><br />Stuart Curran, the editor of Smith's poems, has written that Smith is "the first poet in England whom in retrospect we would call Romantic". She helped shape the "patterns of thought and conventions of style" for the period. Romantic poet William Wordsworth was the most affected by her works. He said of Smith in the 1830s that she was "a lady to whom English verse is under greater obligations than are likely to be either acknowledged or remembered". By the second half of the nineteenth century, however, Smith was largely forgotten.

2Wealth of Nations, Book 1

By Adam Smith

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist Adam Smith, published on March 9, 1776 during the Scottish Enlightenment. It is a clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. (Summary from Wikipedia)

"How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortunes of others, and render their happiness necessary to him, though he derives nothing from it, except the pleasure of seeing it." (from The Theory of Moral Sentiments)<br><br>Adam Smith considered his first major book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, his most important work. Indeed, the tome was a wild success upon its publication, selling out immediately. It has not lost popularity since. In this legendary work, Smith discusses the nature of morality, and the motives behind and origins of these "sentiments." Originally published in 1759, this work provides the philosophical underpinnings for his later works, as well as elucidating the psychological and moral foundations of the workings of a complex society. Smith parses many important concepts in this book, with the central questions perhaps being: Where do our moral principles come from? Are they divine and inborn, reflection of man-made laws, or rational, based on their usefulness to society? Smith's answers to these questions and more, and his explanation of how such sentiments, however derived, influence society's self-coordination, have interested lay and scholar alike for hundreds of years. (summary written by Nikki Sullivan)<br /><br /> note: This is the First edition, the 6th edition was revised and extra material added.

A story for children about a little bear with no name, “there were not enough names to go round,” and his adventures in finding one. (Summary by Carolyn Frances)

<i>The Fairy Ring</i>, originally published in 1910, is a collection of 63 fairy tales from around the globe. It includes such well-known favorites as "History of Jack the Giant-Killer", "The Frog Prince","Rumpel-stilts-ken", and "Snow-white and Rose-red", among many others. Children of all ages will enjoy these stories. (Summary by Paul Williams)

6Wealth of Nations, Book 2 and 3

By Adam Smith

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist Adam Smith, published on March 9, 1776 during the Scottish Enlightenment. It is a clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. (from Wikipedia)

7Masters of Space

By Edward Everett Evans and E. E. Smith

The Masters had ruled all space with an unconquerable iron fist. But the Masters were gone. And this new, young race who came now to take their place--could they hope to defeat the ancient Enemy of All? (Summary by Gutenberg)

8Wealth of Nations, Book 4

By Adam Smith

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist Adam Smith, published on March 9, 1776 during the Scottish Enlightenment. It is a clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. (from Wikipedia)

9Triplanetary

By E. E. Smith

“Doc” E.E. Smith pretty much invented the space opera genre, and Triplanetary is a good and well-known example. Physics, time, and politics never stand in the way of a plot that gallops ahead without letup. Having earned a PhD in chemical engineering, it’s understandable that the heroes of Smith’s story are all scientists. He didn’t want to be constrained by the limits of known science, however, so in his hands the electromagnetic spectrum becomes a raw material to be molded into ever-more amazing and lethal forms, and the speed of light is no bar to traveling through the interstellar void. Come enjoy this story of yesteryear, set in tomorrow, where real women ignite love at a glance, real men achieve in days what governments manage in decades, and aliens are an ever-present threat to Life-As-We-Know-It! (Summary by Mark F. Smith)

10Spacehounds of IPC

By E. E. Smith

When the Inter-Planetary Corporation's (IPC) crack liner “IPV Arcturus” took off on a routine flight to Mars, it turned out to be the beginning of a unexpected and long voyage. There had been too many reports of errors in ship's flight positions from the Check Stations and brilliant physicist Dr. Percival (“Steve”) Stevens is aboard the Arcturus on a fact-finding mission to find out what's really happening, and hopefully save the honor of the brave pilots of the space-liner Arcturus from the desk-jockeys' in the Check Stations implications of imprecision - the nastiest insult you could cast at a ships pilot. He and the pilots are right, it was the Check Stations that were out of position, not the ships. But that's cold consolation because before the Arcturus reaches Mars it's attacked by a small, mysterious, globe shaped spaceship. (Summary from Wikipedia)

11Wealth of Nations, Book 5

By Adam Smith

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist Adam Smith, published on March 9, 1776 during the Scottish Enlightenment. It is a clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. (Introduction from Wikipedia)<br /><br />This project was proof listened by mim@can, Betty M., and Barry Eads.

This book is written to Christians who profess to believe the Bible as God's revelation, but whose "lives are filled with discomfort and unrest." Smith aims to show that the Bible's claim that God is the "the God of all comfort" is not an over-advertisement or misunderstanding, but that it is possible to avail ourselves of the doubts and heavy anxieties that plague so many Christians. <br><br> By explaining God's part and man's part, Smith aims to show her readers that it is possible to overcome feelings of defeat and despair and find rest and peace in Christ. Abundant life and genuine enduring joy are available to all believers - even you. Deep and lasting peace, beyond all Earthly circumstances, is possible. (Introduction by Rachel Craig)

LibriVox volunteers bring you 5 recordings of America by Samuel Francis Smith. This was the Weekly Poetry project for July 4th, 2010.

14Skylark of Space

By Lee Hawkins Garby and E. E. Smith

The novel begins with the accidental discovery, in a Government laboratory in Washington D. C., of a form of clean nuclear power. Our hero, Dr. Richard Seaton, uses this power to build first a flying belt and then an interstellar spaceship. He later discovers that the process operates by generation and manipulation of gravity fields.<br /><br /> When his government coworkers do not believe him, Seaton acquires rights to his discovery from the government and commercializes it with the aid of his friend, millionaire inventor Martin Crane. A former colleague, Dr. Marc DuQuesne, joins with the unscrupulous World Steel Corporation to try to steal Seaton's invention. The resulting conflict escalates, as Seaton and Duquesne develop greater and greater technical capabilities and enlist more and more powerful alien races as allies.. (Summary by Wikipedia)

15Skylark of Space (version 2)

By Lee Hawkins Garby and E. E. Smith

The Skylark of Space is one of the earliest novels of interstellar travel and is considered a classic of pulp science fiction. Originally serialized in 1928 in the magazine Amazing Stories it is often categorized as the first literary space opera, complete with protagonists perfect in mind, body, and spirit, who fight against villains of absolute evil. (Introduction from Wikipedia)

16Skylark Three

By E. E. Smith

This is a sequel to The Skylark of Space. The novel concerns Richard Seaton and his allies who have encounters with aliens while fighting DuQuesne and the Fenachrone..(Introduction by Wikipedia)