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This article is from BMC Research Notes , volume 7 . Abstract Background: Dementia is generally considered an irreversible process of cognitive decline that can be caused by different neurodegenerative diseases. However, in some cases, dementia is caused by a non-neurodegenerative disease, such as an affective disorder. In these cases, the dementia can be reversible. Nevertheless, cognitive symptoms due to an affective disorder are often difficult to distinguish from a depressed mood due to a neurodegenerative disease. Especially in elderly patients with a history of affective disorder, a potentially reversible cause can be missed. Case presentation: We describe a 60-year-old white woman with bipolar disorder, depressive symptoms, a movement disorder and severe cognitive impairment, in whom a neurodegenerative disease was seriously considered. She was referred to our clinic for further investigation because initial treatment of the depressive episode with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had not been successful. However, despite extensive evaluation, we could not find evidence for a neurodegenerative disease and the patient mostly recovered after discontinuation of different psychotropic medications and treatment with nortriptyline. Conclusions: Our case shows that improvement of severe cognitive impairment in individual cases is possible. In our opinion, this underlines the necessity of a careful re-evaluation of the patient’s symptoms at presentation and the course of the disease as well as a critical review of the prescribed medications.

This article is from BMC Research Notes , volume 7 . Abstract Background: Dementia is generally considered an irreversible process of cognitive decline that can be caused by different neurodegenerative diseases. However, in some cases, dementia is caused by a non-neurodegenerative disease, such as an affective disorder. In these cases, the dementia can be reversible. Nevertheless, cognitive symptoms due to an affective disorder are often difficult to distinguish from a depressed mood due to a neurodegenerative disease. Especially in elderly patients with a history of affective disorder, a potentially reversible cause can be missed. Case presentation: We describe a 60-year-old white woman with bipolar disorder, depressive symptoms, a movement disorder and severe cognitive impairment, in whom a neurodegenerative disease was seriously considered. She was referred to our clinic for further investigation because initial treatment of the depressive episode with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had not been successful. However, despite extensive evaluation, we could not find evidence for a neurodegenerative disease and the patient mostly recovered after discontinuation of different psychotropic medications and treatment with nortriptyline. Conclusions: Our case shows that improvement of severe cognitive impairment in individual cases is possible. In our opinion, this underlines the necessity of a careful re-evaluation of the patient’s symptoms at presentation and the course of the disease as well as a critical review of the prescribed medications.

This article is from BMC Research Notes , volume 7 . Abstract Background: Dementia is generally considered an irreversible process of cognitive decline that can be caused by different neurodegenerative diseases. However, in some cases, dementia is caused by a non-neurodegenerative disease, such as an affective disorder. In these cases, the dementia can be reversible. Nevertheless, cognitive symptoms due to an affective disorder are often difficult to distinguish from a depressed mood due to a neurodegenerative disease. Especially in elderly patients with a history of affective disorder, a potentially reversible cause can be missed. Case presentation: We describe a 60-year-old white woman with bipolar disorder, depressive symptoms, a movement disorder and severe cognitive impairment, in whom a neurodegenerative disease was seriously considered. She was referred to our clinic for further investigation because initial treatment of the depressive episode with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had not been successful. However, despite extensive evaluation, we could not find evidence for a neurodegenerative disease and the patient mostly recovered after discontinuation of different psychotropic medications and treatment with nortriptyline. Conclusions: Our case shows that improvement of severe cognitive impairment in individual cases is possible. In our opinion, this underlines the necessity of a careful re-evaluation of the patient’s symptoms at presentation and the course of the disease as well as a critical review of the prescribed medications.

Stephen Fry is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, director, journalist, and activist. In Fry's acting career, he had roles in "Wilde," "Blackadder," "Bones," and many others. He is also half of the comic double act Fry and Laurie. #MyYoungerSelf by Child Mind Institute is an anti-stigma campaign. We are grateful to Stephen for his willingness to open up about his childhood experience with bipolar disorder. ABOUT CHILD MIND INSTITUTE As an independent, national nonprofit organization dedicated to transforming the lives of children and families struggling with mental health and learning disorders, we deliver the highest standards of care, advance the science of the developing brain, and empower parents, professionals, and policymakers to support children when and where they need it most. 📕 Related Reading Guide to Bipolar Disorder ➡ https://childmind.org/guide/guide-to-bipolar-disorder/

Stephen Fry is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, director, journalist, and activist. In Fry's acting career, he had roles in "Wilde," "Blackadder," "Bones," and many others. He is also half of the comic double act Fry and Laurie. #MyYoungerSelf by Child Mind Institute is an anti-stigma campaign. We are grateful to Stephen for his willingness to open up about his childhood experience with bipolar disorder. ABOUT CHILD MIND INSTITUTE As an independent, national nonprofit organization dedicated to transforming the lives of children and families struggling with mental health and learning disorders, we deliver the highest standards of care, advance the science of the developing brain, and empower parents, professionals, and policymakers to support children when and where they need it most. 📕 Related Reading Guide to Bipolar Disorder ➡ https://childmind.org/guide/guide-to-bipolar-disorder/

Purpose: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a significant public health concern, typically emerging during adolescence. Among the many challenges faced by young people with BD, interpersonal difficulties of loneliness are especially critical, as they often predict more severe illness trajectories. Methods and Analysis: Using a structured scoping review framework and PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies will be selected from databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The focus is on studies that focus on loneliness (e.g., social exclusion) in youth with BD. Screening and data extraction will be done independently by reviewers. The findings will be summarized as tables and in narrative form. Ethics: This project will not require ethics approval. Keywords: Loneliness, Social Exclusion, Bipolar Disorder, Adolescence, Youth

Welcome to Resilient Minds 365 where we let you know that you can strive, thrive, and live a life of abundance despite your illness. In this episode, Cleoni Crawford discusses how to support someone with bipolar disorder. Stay connected with us online:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/resilientminds365/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/resilientminds365/Twitter: https://twitter.com/rminds365YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/onlycleonitvLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/onlycleoni/ Website: https://www.resilientminds365.ca Send questions and guest suggestions to [email protected]. Get my new books, The Music of My Life or 30+1 Resilient Stories on Amazon atwww.cleonicrawford.com.

Welcome to Resilient Minds 365 where we let you know that you can strive, thrive, and live a life of abundance despite your illness. In this episode, Cleoni Crawford discusses how to support someone with bipolar disorder. Stay connected with us online:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/resilientminds365/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/resilientminds365/Twitter: https://twitter.com/rminds365YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/onlycleonitvLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/onlycleoni/ Website: https://www.resilientminds365.ca Send questions and guest suggestions to [email protected]. Get my new books, The Music of My Life or 30+1 Resilient Stories on Amazon atwww.cleonicrawford.com.

Welcome to Resilient Minds 365 where we let you know that you can strive, thrive, and live a life of abundance despite your illness. In this episode, Cleoni Crawford discusses how to support someone with bipolar disorder. Stay connected with us online:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/resilientminds365/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/resilientminds365/Twitter: https://twitter.com/rminds365YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/onlycleonitvLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/onlycleoni/ Website: https://www.resilientminds365.ca Send questions and guest suggestions to [email protected]. Get my new books, The Music of My Life or 30+1 Resilient Stories on Amazon atwww.cleonicrawford.com.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 7 . Abstract Patients with unipolar depressive disorder and in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder often manifest psychological distress and cognitive deficits, notably in executive control. We used computerized cognitive training in an attempt to reduce psychological affliction, improve everyday coping, and cognitive function. We asked one group of patients (intervention group) to engage in cognitive training three times a week, for 20 min each time, for eight consecutive weeks. A second group of patients (control group) received standard care only. Before the onset of training we administered to all patients self-report questionnaires of mood, mental and psychological health, and everyday coping. We also assessed executive control using a broad computerized neurocognitive battery of tests which yielded, among others, scores in Working Memory, Shifting, Inhibition, Visuomotor Vigilance, Divided Attention, Memory Span, and a Global Executive Function score. All questionnaires and tests were re-administered to the patients who adhered to the study at the end of training. When we compared the groups (between-group comparisons) on the amount of change that had taken place from baseline to post-training, we found significantly reduced depression level for the intervention group. This group also displayed significant improvements in Shifting, Divided Attention, and in the Global executive control score. Further exploration of the data showed that the cognitive improvement did not predict the improvements in mood. Single-group data (within-group comparisons) show that patients in the intervention group were reporting fewer cognitive failures, fewer dysexecutive incidents, and less difficulty in everyday coping. This group had also improved significantly on the six executive control tests and on the Global executive control score. By contrast, the control group improved only on the reports of cognitive failure and on working memory.

This article is from Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , volume 36 . Abstract Objective:: The efficacy of atypical antipsychotics including olanzapine in acute treatment of manic episode has been established, whereas its role in maintenance treatment is not clear. Materials and Methods:: Thirteen patients of bipolar disorder who were on regular treatment with mood stabilizer and subsequently relapsed into mania or depressive episode after discontinuation of olanzapine were studied for various socio-demographic and clinical factors using retrospective chart review. Results:: There was no correlation found between the period of tapering olanzapine, time to recurrence of episode after discontinuation, and the dosage of olanzapine at the time of discontinuation. The predominant early signs of relapse after discontinuation of olanzapine included sleep disturbance (72.7%), lack of insight for change in behavior (72.7%), irritability (54.5%), and elevated mood (45.5%). Conclusion:: Mood stabilizer alone as a maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder may be inadequate for long-term management. A low dose of olanzapine along with mood stabilizers might be useful for prevention of recurrence in bipolar disorder.

This article is from Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , volume 36 . Abstract Background:: Bipolar disorder is a relatively common, long-term, and disabling psychiatric illness that is associated with high levels of functional impairment, morbidity, mortality, and an increased risk of suicide. Psychiatric co-morbidity in bipolar disorder ranges from 57.3% to 74.3%, whereas medical co-morbidity varies from 2.7-70%. Indian scenario in this aspect is not clear. Materials and Methods:: The objective was to ascertain the prevalence of physical and psychiatric co-morbidities in patients attending a tertiary care center over a period of 1 year and its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical variables. One hundred and twenty-five case record files were included in the review. OPCRIT software was used for re-establishing the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, which yielded 120 cases. A semi-structured pro-forma, specifically designed for the study, was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical details. Results:: Co-morbid psychiatric disorders were found in 52 (43.3%) of the sample, whereas co-morbid physical illness was present in 77 (64.2%) patients. The most common psychiatric disorder associated was substance use disorder (27.5%), whereas co-morbid cardiovascular disorder was the most frequent physical diagnosis in the sample (20%). Discussion:: The prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders in bipolar patients was lower than that reported in western literature. It could be related to retrospective nature of study or reflect true lower prevalence rates. Also, certain disorders such as eating disorders were absent in our sample, and migraine diagnosis was very infrequent.

Suffering from bipolar disorder means a lot more than your garden variety mood swings. Bouts of mania and depression are just the headlines. There are also theories that there's a link between bipolarism and creativity. Learn all about this disruptive, yet manageable disorder. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

258 pages ; 22 cm

This article is from Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , volume 33 . Abstract Obsessive compulsive features occurring in mania have been well documented. Though there have been some studies on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbid with mania in the western countries, there are very few case reports and studies in India. Our aim is to report one such case here, who presented with OC features which are not typical of the symptom cluster of the OCD commonly seen with mania in earlier reports. Also, the comorbidities in OCD should be recognized as this can have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

This article is from Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , volume 33 . Abstract Obsessive compulsive features occurring in mania have been well documented. Though there have been some studies on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbid with mania in the western countries, there are very few case reports and studies in India. Our aim is to report one such case here, who presented with OC features which are not typical of the symptom cluster of the OCD commonly seen with mania in earlier reports. Also, the comorbidities in OCD should be recognized as this can have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Melissa Potoczak opens up about her journey with Bipolar Disorder, discussing stigma, mediation costs, therapy, diagnosis, how this experience has affected her relationships, fertility, and self-image. CONTENT WARNING: episode contains sensitive content relating to self-harm, sexual abuse, and suicidal ideations. LINKS REFERENCED:  'Are u ok?' by Kati Morton: https://www.katimorton.com/areuok Ted Talk by 'Elyn Saks: A Tale of Mental Illness': https://www.ted.com/talks/elyn_saks_a_tale_of_mental_illness_from_the_inside?language=en 'The Bell Jar' by Sylvia Plath: https://www.amazon.com/Bell-Jar-Sylvia-Plath/dp/0061148512 'An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness' by Kay Redfield Jamison: https://www.amazon.com/Unquiet-Mind-Memoir-Moods-Madness/dp/0679763309   Melissa's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/melissapotoczak/

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Full Episode: https://radicallygenuinepodcast.transistor.fm/131 Radically Genuine Podcast Website: https://www.drmcfillin.com/ Substack Article: https://drmcfillin.substack.com/p/manufacturing-bipolar-disorder Save 15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD https://purespectrumcbd.com/?ref=radicallygenuine&utm_source=saral&utm_medium=instagram&utm_campaign=radicallygenuine The conversation discusses the overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder and the criteria used to diagnose it. It highlights how easily someone can be diagnosed with a manic episode and how major depressive disorder can also be easily diagnosed. The conversation also mentions the rise of bipolar II disorder and the criticism surrounding its inclusion in the DSM. Dr. Roger McFillin emphasizes the need for thorough evaluation and education rather than hasty diagnoses.

Brian interviews Pierre-Jean Esmieu-Fournel. Pierre-Jean talks about a book he has just published: \"Living with Bipolar Disorder\". He tells us about his life living with his mental health issue, how an incorrect medical recommendation changed his life negatively and how he is fighting back now.

The optimal selection of pharmacological treatments for individuals with comorbid bipolar disorder and addictions remains unclear.

This article is from Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , volume 36 . Abstract None

This article is from Neuropsychopharmacology , volume 36 . Abstract Despite the impact of schizophrenia and mood disorders, which in extreme cases can lead to death, recent decades have brought little progress in the development of new treatments. Recent studies have shown that Reelin, an extracellular protein that is critical for neuronal development, is reduced in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. However, data on a causal or protective role of Reelin in psychiatric diseases is scarce. In order to study the direct influence of Reelin's levels on behavior, we subjected two mouse lines, in which Reelin levels are either reduced (Reelin heterozygous mice) or increased (Reelin overexpressing mice), to a battery of behavioral tests: open-field, black–white box, novelty-suppressed-feeding, forced-swim-test, chronic corticosterone treatment followed by forced-swim-test, cocaine sensitization and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits induced by N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. These tests were designed to model some aspects of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood, and anxiety disorders. We found no differences between Reeler heterozygous mice and their wild-type littermates. However, Reelin overexpression in the mouse forebrain reduced the time spent floating in the forced-swim-test in mice subjected to chronic corticosterone treatment, reduced behavioral sensitization to cocaine, and reduced PPI deficits induced by a NMDA antagonist. In addition, we demonstrate that while stress increased NMDA NR2B-mediated synaptic transmission, known to be implicated in depression, Reelin overexpression significantly reduced it. Together, these results point to the Reelin signaling pathway as a relevant drug target for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders.

bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a highly hereditary and severe disorder. Large genome-wide association studies have identified CACNA1C, a calcium channel gene crucial for brain development and neural function, as a major genetic risk factor for BD. The strongest association is with a SNP located in the third intronic region of the gene, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis have not been elucidated yet completely so it restrains efficient treatment and worsens the prognosis. In this project, we provide an integrative approach combining patient-derived stem cells, CRISPR-engineered isogenic lines, and advanced 3D brain organoids to understand the characteristics of the neurodevelopmental disease comprehensively.

This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between apathy and bipolar disorder.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by alternating episodes of (hypo)mania and depression, with interim periods of less disrupted mood, called euthymia. Sleep and circadian disruptions are ubiquitous symptoms of BD and constitute diagnostic criteria for both mania and depression. Diagnostic manuals recognise a decreased need for sleep as a symptom of mania, insomnia or hypersomnia as symptoms of depression, while approximately 70% of BD patients in euthymic phases also report problems with their sleep and circadian rhythms. The presence of these disruptions has been associated with several other markers of poor course in BD, such as increased suicidality, lower quality of life, decreased productivity, reduced work performance, and increased cognitive impairments. As such, contemporary treatment guidelines recognise this domain as an important independent target for the management of BD. The aim of our study is to evaluate digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in BD patients during depression. CBT-I is the first line treatment for insomnia, the most common sleep disorder in BD. Previous research has found digital CBT-I to be safe and effective at improving sleep and mood in insomnia and depression. In BD, two published studies have found preliminary evidence of favourable outcomes for face-to-face CBT-I in euthymic BD delivered individually or in a group setting. Building upon this work, our study examines the implementation of digital version of CBT-I for bipolar disorder type II, given that a major barrier in the wider implementation of CBT-I is access to treatment and the scarcity of qualified providers. As such, the aim of the DIGIT-B study is to assess the safety, feasibility and acceptability of a digital CBT-I for BD-II, and explore its effects on sleep, mood and functioning, with a view of performing a larger trial in the future.

This paper outlines the protocol for a scoping review of the current literature investigating the uses of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and ACT-based interventions for individuals with bipolar disorder. Our review will adhere to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guidelines.

It is unclear whether using n-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment has any benefit for bipolar depression and major depressive disorder. A systematic review and random-effect meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials will be conducted to explore the clinical question.

It is unclear whether using n-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment has any benefit for bipolar depression and major depressive disorder. A systematic review and random-effect meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials will be conducted to explore the clinical question.

It is widely held that a substantial genetic component underlies Bipolar Disorder (BD) and other neuropsychiatric disease traits. Recent efforts have been aimed at understanding the genetic basis of disease susceptibility, with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) unveiling some promising associations. Nevertheless, the genetic etiology of BD remains elusive with a substantial proportion of the heritability - which has been estimated to be 80% based on twin and family studies - unaccounted for by the specific genetic variants identified by large-scale GWAS. Furthermore, functional understanding of associated loci generally lags discovery. Studies we report here provide considerable support to the claim that substantially more remains to be gained from GWAS on the genetic mechanisms underlying BD susceptibility, and that a large proportion of the variation in disease risk may be uncovered through integrative functional genomic approaches. We combine recent analytic advances in heritability estimation and polygenic modeling and leverage recent technological advances in the generation of -omics data to evaluate the nature and scale of the contribution of functional classes of genetic variation to a relatively intractable disorder. We identified cis eQTLs in cerebellum and parietal cortex that capture more than half of the total heritability attributable to SNPs interrogated through GWAS and showed that eQTL-based heritability estimation is highly tissue-dependent. Our findings show that a much greater resolution may be attained than has been reported thus far on the number of common loci that capture a substantial proportion of the heritability to disease risk and that the functional nature of contributory loci may be clarified en masse.

Various dimensions can be compromised in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as a result of their mental illness. Several studies indicate that some of these individuals exhibit some degree of disturbance in what is called social cognition (SC). This complex set of psychological processes, synthesized in the construct 'social cognition,' according to the consensus of the National Institute of Mental Health, encompasses five main domains: theory of mind (ToM), emotional processing (EP), social perception (SP), social knowledge (SK), and attributional bias (AB). The proper functioning of these neurocognitive dimensions is essential for social life and has been increasingly highlighted in psychiatric research. Initially explored in the field of schizophrenia research, this topic has also garnered growing interest in studies involving patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of this systematic review is to understand, through a literature search, the real impact of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on social cognition

this meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials will compare relapse rates and discontinuation rate in patients with bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase between mood stabilizer or antipsychotic treatment discontinuation and maintenance groups at 1, 2, 3, 6 (primary), 9, 12 , 18, and 24 months.

Previous literature suggests many aspects of circadian disruption in bipolar adult populations as compared to healthy controls: lower activity levels within 24-hr cycles (although this might be due to subsyndromal depression during inter-state episodes), less robust and more unstable patterns, and phase advanced 24-hr activity rhythms (reviewed in Murray et al., 2020). Less is known about these patterns in adolescence. Our study represents a first step in identifying circadian disruptions in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD).

To investigate mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and how they affect the quality of life for those diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1, a repeated measure ANOVA analysis was planned. This is aimed at youth from Christchurch, New Zealand transiting between inpatient and outpatient care and tested via Quality-of-Life Bipolar Disorder questionnaire. It is expected that individuals who complete the mindfulness-based interventions will achieve higher quality of life scores than those who do not.

This article is from Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , volume 279 . Abstract Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by episodes of elevated mood interspersed with episodes of depression. While treatment developments and understanding the disruptive nature of this illness have focused on these episodes, it is also evident that some patients may have chronic week-to-week mood instability. This is also a major morbidity. The longitudinal pattern of this mood instability is poorly understood as it has, until recently, been difficult to quantify. We propose that understanding this mood variability is critical for the development of cognitive neuroscience-based treatments. In this study, we develop a time-series approach to capture mood variability in two groups of patients with bipolar disorder who appear on the basis of clinical judgement to show relatively stable or unstable illness courses. Using weekly mood scores based on a self-rated scale (quick inventory of depressive symptomatology—self-rated; QIDS-SR) from 23 patients over a 220-week period, we show that the observed mood variability is nonlinear and that the stable and unstable patient groups are described by different nonlinear time-series processes. We emphasize the necessity in combining both appropriate measures of the underlying deterministic processes (the QIDS-SR score) and noise (uncharacterized temporal variation) in understanding dynamical patterns of mood variability associated with bipolar disorder.

This article is from Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment , volume 9 . Abstract Introduction: It has recently been highlighted that patients affected by schizophrenia (SCZ) and those affected by bipolar disorder (BD) undergo gradual chronic worsening of cognitive and social functioning. The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare (using the Facial Action Coding System [FACS]) the way by which patients with the two disorders experience and display emotions in relation to specific emotional stimuli. Materials and methods: Forty-five individuals participated in the study: 15 SCZ patients, 15 BD patients, and 15 healthy controls. All participants watched emotion-eliciting video clips while their facial activity was videotaped. The congruent/incongruent feeling of emotions and the facial expression in reaction to emotions were evaluated. Results: SCZ and BD patients presented similar incongruent emotive feelings and facial expressions (significantly worse than healthy participants); SCZ patients expressed the emotion of disgust significantly less appropriately than BD patients. Discussion: BD and SCZ patients seem to present a similar relevant impairment in both experiencing and displaying emotions; this impairment may be seen as a behavioral indicator of the deficit of social cognition present in both the disorders. As the disgust emotion is mainly elaborated in the insular cortex, the incongruent expression of disgust of SCZ patients can be interpreted as a further evidence of a functional deficit of the insular cortex in this disease. Specific remediation training could be used to improve emotion and social cognition in SCZ and BD patients.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Introduction: Mania is associated with increased activity, whereas psychomotor retardation is often found in bipolar depression. Actigraphy is a promising tool for monitoring phase shifts and changes following treatment in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to compare recordings of motor activity in mania, bipolar depression and healthy controls, using linear and nonlinear analytical methods. Materials and Methods: Recordings from 18 acutely hospitalized inpatients with mania were compared to 12 recordings from bipolar depression inpatients and 28 healthy controls. 24-hour actigraphy recordings and 64-minute periods of continuous motor activity in the morning and evening were analyzed. Mean activity and several measures of variability and complexity were calculated. Results: Patients with depression had a lower mean activity level compared to controls, but higher variability shown by increased standard deviation (SD) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD) over 24 hours and in the active morning period. The patients with mania had lower first lag autocorrelation compared to controls, and Fourier analysis showed higher variance in the high frequency part of the spectrum corresponding to the period from 2–8 minutes. Both patient groups had a higher RMSSD/SD ratio compared to controls. In patients with mania we found an increased complexity of time series in the active morning period, compared to patients with depression. The findings in the patients with mania are similar to previous findings in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals treated with a glutamatergic antagonist. Conclusion: We have found distinctly different activity patterns in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder in episodes of mania and depression, assessed by actigraphy and analyzed with linear and nonlinear mathematical methods, as well as clear differences between the patients and healthy comparison subjects.

This brief 2-page fact sheet discusses: ---what bipolar disorder is ---signs and symptoms ---types of bipolar disorders ---treatment (medications, psychotherapy) ---and how to get help.

Predominant polarity in bipolar disorder may be associated with specific clinical characteristics. However, there is a lack of systematic assessments of the available evidence on this topic. We thus performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate prevalence and correlates of hypomanic/manic (mPP) or depressive predominant polarity (dPP) in bipolar disorder, also addressing the quality of findings.

This article is from Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment , volume 10 . Abstract Background: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) has been translated to many languages and has been used in many countries as a screening instrument for bipolar disorder. The main objective of this study was to evaluate validity of the Thai version of the MDQ as a screening instrument for bipolar disorder in a psychiatric outpatient sample, and to determine its optimum question #1 item threshold value for bipolar disorder. Methods: The English language Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, field testing of the prefinal version, as well as final adjustments. Two hundred and fifty major depressive disorder outpatients were further assessed by the Thai version of the MDQ and the Thai version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). During the assessment, reliability and validity analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed. Results: The Thai version of the MDQ screening had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha =0.791, omega total =0.68, and omega hierarchical =0.69). The optimal question #1 item threshold value was at least five positive items, which yielded adequate sensitivity (76.5%), specificity (72.7%), positive predictive value (74.3%), and negative predictive value (75.0%). The ROC area under the curve (AUC) for this study was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.90). Conclusion: The Thai version of the MDQ had some useful psychometric properties for screening for bipolar disorder in a mood disorder clinic setting, with a recommended question #1 item threshold value of at least five positive items.