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Perma.cc archive of http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2005/20050926/default.htm created on 2022-08-15 01:33:19.624309+00:00.

'IMPLEMENTATION OF BASEL II STANDARD (16-Mar-2007)' from the Parliament Digital Library

Book digitized by Google from the library of the New York Public Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 15.03.2006. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

This article is from Critical Care , volume 14 . Abstract Introduction: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is responsible for about one-third of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and is associated with adverse outcomes. Predictors of short- and long-term outcomes in unselected ICU-patients with ARF are ill-defined. The purpose of this analysis was to determine predictors of in-hospital and one-year mortality and assess the effects of oral beta-blockers in unselected ICU patients with ARF included in the BASEL-II-ICU study. Methods: The BASEL II-ICU study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial of 314 (mean age 70 (62 to 79) years) ICU patients with ARF evaluating impact of a B-type natriuretic peptide- (BNP) guided management strategy on short-term outcomes. Results: In-hospital mortality was 16% (51 patients) and one-year mortality 41% (128 patients). Multivariate analysis assessed that oral beta-blockers at admission were associated with a lower risk of both in-hospital (HR 0.33 (0.14 to 0.74) P = 0.007) and one-year mortality (HR 0.29 (0.16 to 0.51) P = 0.0003). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the lower mortality in ARF patients when admitted with oral beta-blocker and further shows that the beneficial effect of oral beta-blockers at admission holds true in the two subgroups of patients with ARF related to cardiac or non-cardiac causes. Kaplan-Meier analysis also shows that administration of oral beta-blockers before hospital discharge gives striking additional beneficial effects on one-year mortality. Conclusions: Established beta-blocker therapy appears to be associated with a reduced mortality in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure. Cessation of established therapy appears to be hazardous. Initiation of therapy prior to discharge appears to confer benefit. This finding was seen regardless of the cardiac or non-cardiac etiology of respiratory failure. Trial registration: clinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00130559

This article is from Critical Care , volume 14 . Abstract Introduction: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is responsible for about one-third of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and is associated with adverse outcomes. Predictors of short- and long-term outcomes in unselected ICU-patients with ARF are ill-defined. The purpose of this analysis was to determine predictors of in-hospital and one-year mortality and assess the effects of oral beta-blockers in unselected ICU patients with ARF included in the BASEL-II-ICU study. Methods: The BASEL II-ICU study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial of 314 (mean age 70 (62 to 79) years) ICU patients with ARF evaluating impact of a B-type natriuretic peptide- (BNP) guided management strategy on short-term outcomes. Results: In-hospital mortality was 16% (51 patients) and one-year mortality 41% (128 patients). Multivariate analysis assessed that oral beta-blockers at admission were associated with a lower risk of both in-hospital (HR 0.33 (0.14 to 0.74) P = 0.007) and one-year mortality (HR 0.29 (0.16 to 0.51) P = 0.0003). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the lower mortality in ARF patients when admitted with oral beta-blocker and further shows that the beneficial effect of oral beta-blockers at admission holds true in the two subgroups of patients with ARF related to cardiac or non-cardiac causes. Kaplan-Meier analysis also shows that administration of oral beta-blockers before hospital discharge gives striking additional beneficial effects on one-year mortality. Conclusions: Established beta-blocker therapy appears to be associated with a reduced mortality in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure. Cessation of established therapy appears to be hazardous. Initiation of therapy prior to discharge appears to confer benefit. This finding was seen regardless of the cardiac or non-cardiac etiology of respiratory failure. Trial registration: clinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00130559

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 25.09.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 25.09.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 25.09.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com . This image 12126.205 is a part of image group 12126.000 . In this last edition of Volume II, van der Krogt 41:1.2 (1640), the preliminary section is reduced to Braun's forward, a letter by Remacle Fusch, Poems by Steven Broelman, and a letter by Adam Wachendorff to Georg Braun. The Civitates Orbis Terrarum was the first atlas of world cities and one of the most important books published in the late 16th century. Although led by Braun and Hogenberg, the books were created by a large team of writers, engravers, and artists. R.V. Tooley writes: "The Civitates is one of the great books of the World... it was the first serious attempt to give graphic representations of the main cities of the World, with a wealth of factual detail. In the main, the buildings in each view are shown in elevation, and while the ordinary buildings are stylized, the principal buildings are reproduced from actual drawings on the spot, and these, and the main streets, can be recognized today. Further, the editors gave additional factual information as a deliberately planned policy, such as the heraldic arms of the city, and the nature of the surrounding countryside, whether wooded or arable, grazing land, vineyards, or gardens. The importance of waterways is stressed by the careful delineation of stone bridges, wooden pontoons, flat-bottomed ferries, moles, wharves and jetties; the ports with ocean-going craft, the inland waters with river traffic. Varieties of land travel are depicted, pedestrians, horsemen, wagons, coaches, and palanquins. Small vignettes illustrate the trade, occupations and habits of the locality, agriculture, paper-making and textiles. The law is represented by various forms of punishment, gibbets, wheels, floggings etc. A distinctive feature of the plates is the insertion of large figures in the foreground to illustrate local costume. Those figures are out of proportion necessarily. The general multiplication of detail slightly offends certain commentators who fail to appreciate the purpose of the editors. Their primary aim was not to produce well-balanced landscapes, but to give as much information as possible in a pleasing visual form, in reality a kind of super guide book. This was done so magnificently that the result was an art as decorative as it was informative. The whole forms a wonderful compendium of life in Europe in the sixteenth century. And as city growth in early times, with a few obvious exceptions, was more or less static, even further it gives a visual printed record of mediaeval Europe, and is one of the most valuable sources remaining to the student and historian of these periods." (R.V. Tooley, preface to the reproduction edition of Civitates Orbis Terrarum, World Publishing, 1966) Koeman B&H 1-6; van der Krogt 41:1.1 (1640). This is van der Krogt's XVIII edition, c. 1640, the last edition of six volumes. Van der Krogt dates the individual volumes as 1 (c. 1640, 11th ed.), 2 (c. 1640, 9th ed.), 3 (c. 1623, 7th ed.), 4 (c. 1635, 7th ed.), 5 (c. 1640, 5th ed.), 6 (c. 1635, 3rd ed.). All six volumes are printed by Peter von Brachel between 1823 and 1640, with the texts reset by him and the plates used generally from first or second editions. We date the volumes, texts and plates separately, using Van der Krogt's listings. There are 546 plans/views of cities on 363 plates. The title for the series of six volumes is taken from the first volume which is general practice. The other five volumes are titled individually. The original publication dates are vol I, 1572; vol II, 1575; vol III, 1581; vol IV, c.1588; vol V, c.1598; vol VI, 1617. Van der Krogt Vol IV-2: 396

Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com . This image 14256.061 is a part of image group 14256.000 . Two colored climate maps and seven diagrams of Switzerland, numbered 12 within Atlas der Schweiz. On second and third pages of twelfth (numbered) folio. Titles - in German and French - translate to: [Climate and Weather II : Mean annual rainfall in cm, period 1901-1940 -- Precipitation frequency 1901-1960 -- Average precipitation amounts and temperatures for the whole of Switzerland, 1864-1965 -- Annual precipitation of six stations, monthly means for the period 1901-1960 : Basel -- Sion -- Lausanne -- Bever -- Locarno (Muralto)]. Maps and diagram show the international border, climate and weather, topography, drainage and lakes. Relief shown with shading. Include legends, as well as scale statements; diagrams include legends. Together, maps and diagrams are 66 x 45 cm, on sheet 76 x 51 cm. "12" in upper left and right corners. Accompanied by descriptive text on first and fourth pages of folio. Second folio in a series of four representing climate and weather (folios 11-13a). Eduard Imhof’s Atlas der Schweiz [= Atlas of Switzerland], published in Wabern bei Bern in 1978 (first edition). Housed in a red solander case, with gilded parallel titles on front cover. The Atlas was issued in nine “Lieferung” [= deliveries], from 1965 to 1978, each with its own cover, which includes a table of contents listing the maps within that delivery. All nine covers are included, in chronological order (newest to oldest), following the folios in the case. In addition, a table of contents sheet appears at the beginning of the atlas, with a comprehensive list of the maps within the folios of all nine deliveries. Five unnumbered folios introduce the atlas, with a title page, table of contents, introductory text, and several overview maps of Switzerland on loose transparent sheets, at different scales to represent the range of scale within the atlas. Following the introductory text text are eighty-six numbered folios containing double plates printed with maps, diagrams, charts and profiles. In addition, some maps and diagrams appear alongside the text on the front and back covers of the folios. Scale of the principal maps is 1:500,000. Folios all include German, with French and Italian translations; the folios with maps on language also include Romansh, the national language of Switzerland. In 1981, a second edition was published, edited by Ernst Spiess, who contributed to the first edition as an author. The superlative graphic design of the maps expertly communicates many geographic dimensions of Switzerland, spanning its natural, statistical, cultural, economical and historical features, over centuries. See, for instance, the exquisite visual language in the map entitled Rhonegletscher [= Rhone glacier] within folio 79, Wallis [= Valais] (List No. 14256.283), which delicately illustrates the lines of glaciers receding, comparing the glacial coverage in 1602, 1818, 1914 and 1971. The representation of topography in the glaciers is also impressive, with the slopes represented in ice blue contour lines, over white expanses representing ice. In addition to the mesmerizing visuals, the text is also strikingly artistic, with its poetic titles and descriptions of the maps. For example, this title of a map within folio 13, Klima und Wetter III [= Climate and weather III] (List No. 14256.064): Début du printemps indiqué par la date de floraison de la dent-de-lion (taraxacum officinale), Moyenne des années 1951 à 1960 [= Spring arrival, shown on the data of the dandelion flowering, mean values for the years 1951-1960]. Other examples abound throughout Atlas der Schweiz, a cartographic masterpiece. “Eduard Imhof, Swiss cartographer, was asked to produce an Atlas of Switzerland in 1961. The atlas illustrated the country ,,, in maps that exhibited the full expression of Imhof’s abilities. Supported by numerous Swiss scientists the first edition was finished in 1978 and published by the Federal Office of Topography. The maps are authoritative precisely because of this fundamental scientific basis and consultation but they are brought to life by the artistry of Imhof … an expert cartographer and artist. That combination is fundamental to understanding his work since the artistic dimension to his many works creates maps that are [aesthetically stunning, as well as scientific]. Here, even a complex statistical map showing daily commuter patterns in 1960 mixes clear geometric point symbology with perfectly curved distributive flow-lines.” With his keen visual sensibilities, Imhof minimized text within the maps, allowing full attention to graphic details. Still, Imhof supplied thorough scientific information through the texts accompanying the maps, in the preceding and subsequent pages. Field, Kenneth (2014). Atlas of Switzerland 1961-1978 by Eduard Imhof, 1978. ICA Commission on Map Design. https://mapdesign.icaci.org (Parallel titles in French and Italian included, but parallel statements of responsibility and imprints omitted, except for within Pub Title. Omissions indicated by ellipses https://mapdesign.icaci.org

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com . This image 13220.003 is a part of image group 13220.000 . Sheet 2. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. This atlas covers the territory of Switzerland on 25 double page sheets on map scale of 1: 100,000. It was considered the best and most detailed general map of Switzerland in the 19th century. With engraved title page and 24 sheets of steel engraved maps. Each sheet with the stamp of the "Federal Military Archives." Map 1 is engraved title page, designed and engraved by Charles Dyonnet . Map 5 includes map, directory of place names in different languages, map symbols and list of languages. Map 21 includes index map, partially surrounded by a southwestern section of map with French-Savoyard area below Geneva. Map 25 includes listed mountain heights. This map, designed according to Flamsteed's modified projection, has as its center the Bern observatory, recorded and reduced by federal engineers under the supervision of General GH Dufour. Engraved by Bressanini, Mutthaupt and Werdmuller, Imprint by Henry Koegel. Showing administrative boundaries, major cities, towns, postal roads, railroads and stations, rivers, lakes and mountains. Relief shown by hachures and formlines. Bound in green half leather covers with title “Dufour, Topographische Karte der Schweiz”. To view a georeferenced copy of this map in Google Earth see https://rumseypublic.s3.amazonaws.com Requires Google Earth Pro desktop download https://www.google.com

Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com . This image 13220.003 is a part of image group 13220.000 . Sheet 2. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. This atlas covers the territory of Switzerland on 25 double page sheets on map scale of 1: 100,000. It was considered the best and most detailed general map of Switzerland in the 19th century. With engraved title page and 24 sheets of steel engraved maps. Each sheet with the stamp of the "Federal Military Archives." Map 1 is engraved title page, designed and engraved by Charles Dyonnet . Map 5 includes map, directory of place names in different languages, map symbols and list of languages. Map 21 includes index map, partially surrounded by a southwestern section of map with French-Savoyard area below Geneva. Map 25 includes listed mountain heights. This map, designed according to Flamsteed's modified projection, has as its center the Bern observatory, recorded and reduced by federal engineers under the supervision of General GH Dufour. Engraved by Bressanini, Mutthaupt and Werdmuller, Imprint by Henry Koegel. Showing administrative boundaries, major cities, towns, postal roads, railroads and stations, rivers, lakes and mountains. Relief shown by hachures and formlines. Bound in green half leather covers with title “Dufour, Topographische Karte der Schweiz”. To view a georeferenced copy of this map in Google Earth see https://rumseypublic.s3.amazonaws.com Requires Google Earth Pro desktop download https://www.google.com

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 30.05.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services BASEL II: CAPITAL CHANGES IN THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND THE RESULTS OF THE IMPACT STUDY Date(s) Held: 2005-05-11 109th Congress, 1st Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-109hhrg25388 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.F 49/20 Witnesses: Bies, Hon. Susan Schmidt, Governor, U.S. Federal Reserve Board of Governors Curry, Hon. Thomas J., Director, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Follain, James R., Senior Vice President of Mortgage Valuation, Fidelity Hansen Quality Riccobono, Richard M., Acting Director, Office of Thrift Supervision Small, William J., Chairman and CEO, First Federal Bank, Representing America's Community Bankers Williams, Julie, Acting Director, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Related Items: United States House Bill 1226 (109th Congress) United States House Bill 2043 (109th Congress) Congressional Serial No. 109-27

Government Publishing Office U.S. Congress House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services BASEL II: CAPITAL CHANGES IN THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND THE RESULTS OF THE IMPACT STUDY Date(s) Held: 2005-05-11 109th Congress, 1st Session GPO Document Source: CHRG-109hhrg25388 Superintendents of Documents ID: Y 4.F 49/20 Witnesses: Bies, Hon. Susan Schmidt, Governor, U.S. Federal Reserve Board of Governors Curry, Hon. Thomas J., Director, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Follain, James R., Senior Vice President of Mortgage Valuation, Fidelity Hansen Quality Riccobono, Richard M., Acting Director, Office of Thrift Supervision Small, William J., Chairman and CEO, First Federal Bank, Representing America's Community Bankers Williams, Julie, Acting Director, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Related Items: United States House Bill 1226 (109th Congress) United States House Bill 2043 (109th Congress) Congressional Serial No. 109-27

The Basel II internal ratings-based (IRB) approach to capital adequacy for credit risk implements an asymptotic single risk factor (ASRF) model. Measurements from the ASRF model of the prevailing state of Australia's economy and the level of capitalisation of its banking sector find general agreement with macroeconomic indicators, financial statistics and external credit ratings. However, given the range of economic conditions, from mild contraction to moderate expansion, experienced in Australia since the implementation of Basel II, we cannot attest to the validity of the model specification of the IRB approach for its intended purpose of solvency assessment. With the implementation of Basel II preceding the time when the effect of the financial crisis of 2007-09 was most acutely felt, our empirical findings offer a fundamental assessment of the impact of the crisis on the Australian banking sector. Access to internal bank data collected by the prudential regulator distinguishes our research from other empirical studies on the IRB approach and recent crisis.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 30.01.2002. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

26

On June 26th, 2004, Central bank governors and the heads of bank supervisory authorities in the Group of Ten (G10) countries issued a press release and endorsed the publication of "International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework", the new capital adequacy framework commonly known as Basel II. According to Jean Claude Trichet, Chairman of the G10 group of central bank governors and heads of bank supervisory authorities and President of the European Central Bank: ``Basel II embraces a comprehensive approach to risk management and bank supervision. It will enhance banks' safety and soundness, strengthen the stability of the financial system as a whole, and improve the financial sector's ability to serve as a source for sustainable growth for the broader economy.'' The negotial process is likely to lead to the adoption of the new rules within 2007. In 1996, after the "Amendment to the capital accord to incorporate market risks", a new wave of physicists entered risk management offices of large banks, that had to develop internal models of market risk. Which will be the challenges and opportunities for physicists in the financial sector in the years to come? This paper is a first modest contribution for starting a debate within the Econophysics community.

On June 26th, 2004, Central bank governors and the heads of bank supervisory authorities in the Group of Ten (G10) countries issued a press release and endorsed the publication of "International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework", the new capital adequacy framework commonly known as Basel II. According to Jean Claude Trichet, Chairman of the G10 group of central bank governors and heads of bank supervisory authorities and President of the European Central Bank: ``Basel II embraces a comprehensive approach to risk management and bank supervision. It will enhance banks' safety and soundness, strengthen the stability of the financial system as a whole, and improve the financial sector's ability to serve as a source for sustainable growth for the broader economy.'' The negotial process is likely to lead to the adoption of the new rules within 2007. In 1996, after the "Amendment to the capital accord to incorporate market risks", a new wave of physicists entered risk management offices of large banks, that had to develop internal models of market risk. Which will be the challenges and opportunities for physicists in the financial sector in the years to come? This paper is a first modest contribution for starting a debate within the Econophysics community.

Credit estimation and bankruptcy prediction methods have been utilizing Altman's $z$ score method for the last several years. It is reported in many studies that $z$ score is sensitive to changes in accounting figures. Researches have proposed different variations to conventional $z$ score that can improve the prediction accuracy. In this paper we develop a new multivariate non-linear model for computing the $z$ score. In addition we develop a new credit risk index by fitting a Pearson type-III distribution to the transformed financial ratios. The results from our study have shown that the new $z$ score can predict the bankruptcy with an accuracy of $98.6\%$ as compared to $93.5\%$ by the Altman's $z$ score. Also, the discriminate analysis revealed that the new transformed financial ratios could predict the bankruptcy probability with an accuracy of $93.0\%$ as compared to $87.4\%$ using the weights of Altman's $z$ score.

Credit estimation and bankruptcy prediction methods have been utilizing Altman's $z$ score method for the last several years. It is reported in many studies that $z$ score is sensitive to changes in accounting figures. Researches have proposed different variations to conventional $z$ score that can improve the prediction accuracy. In this paper we develop a new multivariate non-linear model for computing the $z$ score. In addition we develop a new credit risk index by fitting a Pearson type-III distribution to the transformed financial ratios. The results from our study have shown that the new $z$ score can predict the bankruptcy with an accuracy of $98.6\%$ as compared to $93.5\%$ by the Altman's $z$ score. Also, the discriminate analysis revealed that the new transformed financial ratios could predict the bankruptcy probability with an accuracy of $93.0\%$ as compared to $87.4\%$ using the weights of Altman's $z$ score.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 05.04.2006. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

'BASEL -II NORMS (29-Apr-2005)' from the Parliament Digital Library

Banking Risk Management And Basel II

Banking Risk Management And Basel II

Banking Risk Management And Basel II

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 15.05.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Protokol de II. Zionistenkongresses in Basel vom 28. bis 31. august 1898 ocr

Banking industry is exposed to different type of risks like credit, operational, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, compliance risk, reputational risk, and country risk. Banking industry can only become stable and stronger if they have proper tools to mitigate these risks. Due to product innovation and complexity of operations banks are giving more importance to mitigate these types of risks. Regulators (SBP) are emphasizing banks to develop their tools in order to control these risks. BASEL-II is a basic tool which is used internationally in banking sector to mitigate these risks. Our study is focused on the implementation of BASEL-II in Pakistani Banking Industry. Researcher has analyzed that its implementation will bring positive effect in the Pakistani banking industry. Moreover what are the basic challenges banks are facing during its implementation. Data have been collected from fifteen banks a combination of Large, Medium, Small, Islamic and foreign banks operating in Pakistan selected on random basis. Results are analyzed through Pie Charts. This research will be helpful for the banking professional especially associated with risk management division and working towards the implementation of BASEL-II. Basel-II is still in the phase of implementation in the Banking industry in Pakistan. This research will provide the base to those want to study the after implementation effects of Basel-II in the Banking industry.

Banking industry is exposed to different type of risks like credit, operational, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, compliance risk, reputational risk, and country risk. Banking industry can only become stable and stronger if they have proper tools to mitigate these risks. Due to product innovation and complexity of operations banks are giving more importance to mitigate these types of risks. Regulators (SBP) are emphasizing banks to develop their tools in order to control these risks. BASEL-II is a basic tool which is used internationally in banking sector to mitigate these risks. Our study is focused on the implementation of BASEL-II in Pakistani Banking Industry. Researcher has analyzed that its implementation will bring positive effect in the Pakistani banking industry. Moreover what are the basic challenges banks are facing during its implementation. Data have been collected from fifteen banks a combination of Large, Medium, Small, Islamic and foreign banks operating in Pakistan selected on random basis. Results are analyzed through Pie Charts. This research will be helpful for the banking professional especially associated with risk management division and working towards the implementation of BASEL-II. Basel-II is still in the phase of implementation in the Banking industry in Pakistan. This research will provide the base to those want to study the after implementation effects of Basel-II in the Banking industry.

Banking industry is exposed to different type of risks like credit, operational, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, foreign currency risk, compliance risk, reputational risk, and country risk. Banking industry can only become stable and stronger if they have proper tools to mitigate these risks. Due to product innovation and complexity of operations banks are giving more importance to mitigate these types of risks. Regulators (SBP) are emphasizing banks to develop their tools in order to control these risks. BASEL-II is a basic tool which is used internationally in banking sector to mitigate these risks. Our study is focused on the implementation of BASEL-II in Pakistani Banking Industry. Researcher has analyzed that its implementation will bring positive effect in the Pakistani banking industry. Moreover what are the basic challenges banks are facing during its implementation. Data have been collected from fifteen banks a combination of Large, Medium, Small, Islamic and foreign banks operating in Pakistan selected on random basis. Results are analyzed through Pie Charts. This research will be helpful for the banking professional especially associated with risk management division and working towards the implementation of BASEL-II. Basel-II is still in the phase of implementation in the Banking industry in Pakistan. This research will provide the base to those want to study the after implementation effects of Basel-II in the Banking industry.

RL33278

RL33278

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 31.05.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.

Drucksache des deutschen Bundestages vom 31.05.2001. Automatically mirrored from the german parliamentary documentation system . Reproduction without modification allowed as long as the source is credited (according to § 5 Abs. 2 of the german Urheberrecht). This is not the authoritative version, but an unofficial mirror. Please check the primary sources when in doubt. This post was automatically created using pdok-mirror and the python internetarchive library.