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A comprehensive sea-level-static test cell data collection and evaluation effort to review operational characteristics of 'off-the-shelf' carburetor ice detection/warning devices for general aviation piston engine aircraft during operation on aviation grade fuel and automotive grade fuel. Presented herein are results, observations and conclusions drawn from over 250 hours of test cell engine operation on 100LL aviation grade fuel, unleaded premium and unleaded regular grade automotive fuel. Sea-level-static test cell engine operations were conducted utilizing a Teledyne Continental Motors 0-200A engine and a Cessna 150 fuel system to review engine operational characteristics of 100LL aviation grade fuel and various blends of automotive grade fuel as well as carburetor ice detectors/warning devices sensitivity/effectiveness during actual carburetor icing. The primary purpose of test cell engine operation was to observe real-time carburetor icing characteristics associated with possible automotive grade fuel utilization by piston-powered light general aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this task, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by various blend of automotive grade fuel prior to imposing carburetor icing conditions and assessing operational characteristics. (Author)

A comprehensive sea-level-static test cell data collection and evaluation effort to review operational characteristics of 'off-the-shelf' carburetor ice detection/warning devices for general aviation piston engine aircraft during operation on aviation grade fuel and automotive grade fuel. Presented herein are results, observations and conclusions drawn from over 250 hours of test cell engine operation on 100LL aviation grade fuel, unleaded premium and unleaded regular grade automotive fuel. Sea-level-static test cell engine operations were conducted utilizing a Teledyne Continental Motors 0-200A engine and a Cessna 150 fuel system to review engine operational characteristics of 100LL aviation grade fuel and various blends of automotive grade fuel as well as carburetor ice detectors/warning devices sensitivity/effectiveness during actual carburetor icing. The primary purpose of test cell engine operation was to observe real-time carburetor icing characteristics associated with possible automotive grade fuel utilization by piston-powered light general aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this task, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by various blend of automotive grade fuel prior to imposing carburetor icing conditions and assessing operational characteristics. (Author)

A comprehensive sea-level-static test cell data collection and evaluation effort to review operational characteristics of 'off-the-shelf' carburetor ice detection/warning devices for general aviation piston engine aircraft during operation on aviation grade fuel and automotive grade fuel. Presented herein are results, observations and conclusions drawn from over 250 hours of test cell engine operation on 100LL aviation grade fuel, unleaded premium and unleaded regular grade automotive fuel. Sea-level-static test cell engine operations were conducted utilizing a Teledyne Continental Motors 0-200A engine and a Cessna 150 fuel system to review engine operational characteristics of 100LL aviation grade fuel and various blends of automotive grade fuel as well as carburetor ice detectors/warning devices sensitivity/effectiveness during actual carburetor icing. The primary purpose of test cell engine operation was to observe real-time carburetor icing characteristics associated with possible automotive grade fuel utilization by piston-powered light general aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this task, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by various blend of automotive grade fuel prior to imposing carburetor icing conditions and assessing operational characteristics. (Author)

A comprehensive sea-level-static test cell data collection and evaluation effort to review operational characteristics of 'off-the-shelf' carburetor ice detection/warning devices for general aviation piston engine aircraft during operation on aviation grade fuel and automotive grade fuel. Presented herein are results, observations and conclusions drawn from over 250 hours of test cell engine operation on 100LL aviation grade fuel, unleaded premium and unleaded regular grade automotive fuel. Sea-level-static test cell engine operations were conducted utilizing a Teledyne Continental Motors 0-200A engine and a Cessna 150 fuel system to review engine operational characteristics of 100LL aviation grade fuel and various blends of automotive grade fuel as well as carburetor ice detectors/warning devices sensitivity/effectiveness during actual carburetor icing. The primary purpose of test cell engine operation was to observe real-time carburetor icing characteristics associated with possible automotive grade fuel utilization by piston-powered light general aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this task, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by various blend of automotive grade fuel prior to imposing carburetor icing conditions and assessing operational characteristics. (Author)

An interesting alternative fuel for Diesel Engines in the form of liquid oil derived from waste plastics, to solve the problem arises from the depletion of fossil fuels and disposal problem of the very large amount of plastic wastes produced from households and industrials. This present paper describes the production and testing of Liquid fuel derived from waste plastics by the pyrolysis process at different proportions 10 , 20 , and 30 . The fuel produced is then tested in a fully instrumented diesel engine, without any engine modifications. The chemical properties such as GCMS, and FTIR results of the oil derived from waste plastics, compared with the diesel fuel, and found that it has similar properties to that of diesel fuel. The experimental investigation on the pyrolysis oil with diesel blends shows a notable increase in engine performance and a significant reduction in emission characteristics while compared with commercial diesel fuels. Thus, the results specify that modified plastic pyrolysis oil can be considered for an alternative fuel to diesel engines with better performance and reduce emission. Alex Y | Roji George Roy "Performance and Emissions Characteristics of an Automotive Diesel Engine Fueled with Petroleum-Based Fuel from Plastic Pyrolysis Oil and its Diesel Blends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33363.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/oil-and-petroleum-engineering/33363/performance-and-emissions-characteristics-of-an-automotive-diesel-engine-fueled-with-petroleumbased-fuel-from-plastic-pyrolysis-oil-and-its-diesel-blends/alex-y

An interesting alternative fuel for Diesel Engines in the form of liquid oil derived from waste plastics, to solve the problem arises from the depletion of fossil fuels and disposal problem of the very large amount of plastic wastes produced from households and industrials. This present paper describes the production and testing of Liquid fuel derived from waste plastics by the pyrolysis process at different proportions 10 , 20 , and 30 . The fuel produced is then tested in a fully instrumented diesel engine, without any engine modifications. The chemical properties such as GCMS, and FTIR results of the oil derived from waste plastics, compared with the diesel fuel, and found that it has similar properties to that of diesel fuel. The experimental investigation on the pyrolysis oil with diesel blends shows a notable increase in engine performance and a significant reduction in emission characteristics while compared with commercial diesel fuels. Thus, the results specify that modified plastic pyrolysis oil can be considered for an alternative fuel to diesel engines with better performance and reduce emission. Alex Y | Roji George Roy "Performance and Emissions Characteristics of an Automotive Diesel Engine Fueled with Petroleum-Based Fuel from Plastic Pyrolysis Oil and its Diesel Blends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33363.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/oil-and-petroleum-engineering/33363/performance-and-emissions-characteristics-of-an-automotive-diesel-engine-fueled-with-petroleumbased-fuel-from-plastic-pyrolysis-oil-and-its-diesel-blends/alex-y

The performance sensitivity of a two-shaft automotive gas turbine engine to changes in component performance and changes to cycle operating parameters was examined. The engine tested was the Chrysler Upgraded engine developed under a U.S. Department of Energy contract. A test of one Upgraded engine at the NASA Lewis Research Center was one aspect of a corrective action program to remedy a power shortfall in the early development engines. To support that test, the engine was modeled for use with a computer performance prediction code. Performance sensitivity to turbo machinery efficiencies, regenerator effectiveness and pressure drop, parasitic losses, and flow and heat leaks was examined.

The performance sensitivity of a two-shaft automotive gas turbine engine to changes in component performance and changes to cycle operating parameters was examined. The engine tested was the Chrysler Upgraded engine developed under a U.S. Department of Energy contract. A test of one Upgraded engine at the NASA Lewis Research Center was one aspect of a corrective action program to remedy a power shortfall in the early development engines. To support that test, the engine was modeled for use with a computer performance prediction code. Performance sensitivity to turbo machinery efficiencies, regenerator effectiveness and pressure drop, parasitic losses, and flow and heat leaks was examined.

An experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW, automotive, gas turbine engine was made to determine the penalty in performance due to the stator vane end clearances. Tests were made over a range of mean section stator vane angles from 26 deg to 50 deg (as measured from the plane of rotation) with the vane end clearances filled. These results were compared with test results of the same turbine with vane end clearances open. At design equivalent values of rotative speed and pressure ratio and at a vane angle of 35 deg, the mass flow with the vane and clearances filled was about 8 percent lower than mass flow with vane end clearances open. The decrease in mass flow was mitigated by increasing the vane angle. With the vane end clearances filled, there was about a 66 percent reduction in mass flow when the vane angle was decreased from 40 deg to 26 deg. For the same decrease in vane angle the stator throat area decreased by about 50 percent. This result indicates that the rotor losses were increasing with decreasing vane angle.

An experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW, automotive, gas turbine engine was made to determine the penalty in performance due to the stator vane end clearances. Tests were made over a range of mean section stator vane angles from 26 deg to 50 deg (as measured from the plane of rotation) with the vane end clearances filled. These results were compared with test results of the same turbine with vane end clearances open. At design equivalent values of rotative speed and pressure ratio and at a vane angle of 35 deg, the mass flow with the vane and clearances filled was about 8 percent lower than mass flow with vane end clearances open. The decrease in mass flow was mitigated by increasing the vane angle. With the vane end clearances filled, there was about a 66 percent reduction in mass flow when the vane angle was decreased from 40 deg to 26 deg. For the same decrease in vane angle the stator throat area decreased by about 50 percent. This result indicates that the rotor losses were increasing with decreasing vane angle.

An experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW, automotive, gas turbine engine was made to determine the penalty in performance due to the stator vane end clearances. Tests were made over a range of mean section stator vane angles from 26 deg to 50 deg (as measured from the plane of rotation) with the vane end clearances filled. These results were compared with test results of the same turbine with vane end clearances open. At design equivalent values of rotative speed and pressure ratio and at a vane angle of 35 deg, the mass flow with the vane and clearances filled was about 8 percent lower than mass flow with vane end clearances open. The decrease in mass flow was mitigated by increasing the vane angle. With the vane end clearances filled, there was about a 66 percent reduction in mass flow when the vane angle was decreased from 40 deg to 26 deg. For the same decrease in vane angle the stator throat area decreased by about 50 percent. This result indicates that the rotor losses were increasing with decreasing vane angle.

An experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW, automotive, gas turbine engine was made to determine the penalty in performance due to the stator vane end clearances. Tests were made over a range of mean section stator vane angles from 26 deg to 50 deg (as measured from the plane of rotation) with the vane end clearances filled. These results were compared with test results of the same turbine with vane end clearances open. At design equivalent values of rotative speed and pressure ratio and at a vane angle of 35 deg, the mass flow with the vane and clearances filled was about 8 percent lower than mass flow with vane end clearances open. The decrease in mass flow was mitigated by increasing the vane angle. With the vane end clearances filled, there was about a 66 percent reduction in mass flow when the vane angle was decreased from 40 deg to 26 deg. For the same decrease in vane angle the stator throat area decreased by about 50 percent. This result indicates that the rotor losses were increasing with decreasing vane angle.

An experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW, automotive, gas turbine engine was made to determine the penalty in performance due to the stator vane end clearances. Tests were made over a range of mean section stator vane angles from 26 deg to 50 deg (as measured from the plane of rotation) with the vane end clearances filled. These results were compared with test results of the same turbine with vane end clearances open. At design equivalent values of rotative speed and pressure ratio and at a vane angle of 35 deg, the mass flow with the vane and clearances filled was about 8 percent lower than mass flow with vane end clearances open. The decrease in mass flow was mitigated by increasing the vane angle. With the vane end clearances filled, there was about a 66 percent reduction in mass flow when the vane angle was decreased from 40 deg to 26 deg. For the same decrease in vane angle the stator throat area decreased by about 50 percent. This result indicates that the rotor losses were increasing with decreasing vane angle.

The performance sensitivity of a two-shaft automotive gas turbine engine to changes in component performance and cycle operating parameters was examined. Sensitivities were determined for changes in turbomachinery efficiency, compressor inlet temperature, power turbine discharge temperature, regenerator effectiveness, regenerator pressure drop, and several gas flow and heat leaks. Compressor efficiency was found to have the greatest effect on system performance.

An experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the axial flow, variable area stator power turbine stage for the Department of Energy upgraded automotive gas turbine engine was conducted in cold air. The interstage transition duct, the variable area stator, the rotor, and the exit diffuser were included in the evaluation of the turbine stage. The measured total blading efficiency was 0.096 less than the design value of 0.85. Large radial gradients in flow conditions were found at the exit of the interstage duct that adversely affected power turbine performance. Although power turbine efficiency was less than design, the turbine operating line corresponding to the steady state road load power curve was within 0.02 of the maximum available stage efficiency at any given speed.

An experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the axial flow, variable area stator power turbine stage for the Department of Energy upgraded automotive gas turbine engine was conducted in cold air. The interstage transition duct, the variable area stator, the rotor, and the exit diffuser were included in the evaluation of the turbine stage. The measured total blading efficiency was 0.096 less than the design value of 0.85. Large radial gradients in flow conditions were found at the exit of the interstage duct that adversely affected power turbine performance. Although power turbine efficiency was less than design, the turbine operating line corresponding to the steady state road load power curve was within 0.02 of the maximum available stage efficiency at any given speed.

An experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the axial flow, variable area stator power turbine stage for the Department of Energy upgraded automotive gas turbine engine was conducted in cold air. The interstage transition duct, the variable area stator, the rotor, and the exit diffuser were included in the evaluation of the turbine stage. The measured total blading efficiency was 0.096 less than the design value of 0.85. Large radial gradients in flow conditions were found at the exit of the interstage duct that adversely affected power turbine performance. Although power turbine efficiency was less than design, the turbine operating line corresponding to the steady state road load power curve was within 0.02 of the maximum available stage efficiency at any given speed.

An experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the axial flow, variable area stator power turbine stage for the Department of Energy upgraded automotive gas turbine engine was conducted in cold air. The interstage transition duct, the variable area stator, the rotor, and the exit diffuser were included in the evaluation of the turbine stage. The measured total blading efficiency was 0.096 less than the design value of 0.85. Large radial gradients in flow conditions were found at the exit of the interstage duct that adversely affected power turbine performance. Although power turbine efficiency was less than design, the turbine operating line corresponding to the steady state road load power curve was within 0.02 of the maximum available stage efficiency at any given speed.

The primary purpose of this extensive test effort was to observe real-time operational performance characteristics associated with automotive grade fuel utilized by piston engine powered light general aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this effort, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by four blends of automotive grade fuel. A comprehensive - sea - level - static test cell/flight test data collection and evaluation effort was conducted to review operational characteristics of a carburated light aircraft piston engine as related to fuel volatility, fuel temperature, and fuel system pressure. Sea - level - static test cell engines operations were conducted utilizing an AVCO Lycoming 0-320 engine connected to an eddy current dynamometer which facilitated data collection under various engine load conditions. In addition, real-time inflight performance data was obtained utilizing a Cessna 150/Continental 0-200A engine, while operating on test fuels No. 1 and No. 2 which had Reid vapor pressures of 14.4 psi and 8.0 psi, respectively. Originator furnished key words include: General Aviation, Automotive Fuel, Aviation Fuel, Vapor lock, Vapor-Liquid Ratio, Fuel Additives, Light Aircraft, Piston Engines, and Fuel Volatility.

This report describes how to use a computer simulation to predict the performance of Army Tank-Automotive equipment. The simulation uses engineering data to predict the gradability, acceleration and fuel consumption of vehicle propulsion systems. The engine, transmission and intermediate driveline components are simulated mathematically in order to provide an interactive capability. The simulation supports Tektronix 4014 terminals and can produce plots of simulation output. The output is also provided in a file which can be sent to a printer.

This report describes how to use a computer simulation to predict the performance of Army Tank-Automotive equipment. The simulation uses engineering data to predict the gradability, acceleration and fuel consumption of vehicle propulsion systems. The engine, transmission and intermediate driveline components are simulated mathematically in order to provide an interactive capability. The simulation supports Tektronix 4014 terminals and can produce plots of simulation output. The output is also provided in a file which can be sent to a printer.

A 38.1 mm (1.5 inch) diameter Hydresil Compliant Surface Air Lubricated Journal Bearing was designed and tested to obtain bearing performance characteristics at both room temperature and 315 C (600 F). Testing was performed at various speeds up to 60,000 rpm with varying loads. Rotating sensors provided an opportunity to examine the film characteristics of the compliant surface bearing. In addition to providing minimum film thickness values and profiles, many other insights into bearing operation were gained such as the influence of bearing fabrication accuracy and the influence of smooth foil deflection between the bumps.

Automobile gas turbine engine regenerator performance was studied in a regenerator test facility that provided a satisfactory simulation of the actual engine operating environment but with independent control of airflow and gas flow. Velocity and temperature distributions were measured immediately downstream of both the core high-pressure-side outlet and the core low-pressure-side outlet. For the original engine housing, the regenerator temperature effectiveness was 1 to 2 percent higher than the design value, and the heat transfer effectiveness was 2 to 4 percent lower than the design value over the range of test conditions simulating 50 to 100 percent of gas generator speed. Recalculating the design values to account for seal leakage decreased the design heat transfer effectiveness to values consistent with those measured herein. A baffle installed in the engine housing high-pressure-side inlet provided more uniform velocities out of the regenerator but did not improve the effectiveness. A housing designed to provide more uniform axial flow to the regenerator was also tested. Although temperature uniformity was improved, the effectiveness values were not improved. Neither did 50-percent flow blockage (90 degree segment) applied to the high-pressure-side inlet change the effectiveness significantly.

The cold-air performance of an axial-flow power turbine with a variable stator designed for a 112-kW automotive gas-turbine engine was determined at speeds from 30 to 110 percent of design and at pressure ratios from 1.11 to 2.67. Performance is presented in terms of equivalent mass flow, torque, power, and efficiency for stator-vane-chord setting angles of 26 degs, 30 degs, 35 degs (design), 40 degs, 45 degs, and 50 degs. Turbine braking performance at a nominal stator setting angle of 107 degs is also presented. Turbine efficiency increased with increasing stator setting angle. A 10-point efficiency increase was obtained by opening the stator from the design setting angle of 35 degs to a setting angle of 45 degs.

A cold air experimental investigation of a free power turbine designed for a 112-kW automotive gas-turbine was made over a range of speeds from 0 to 130 percent of design equivalent speeds and over a range of pressure ratio from 1.11 to 2.45. Results are presented in terms of equivalent power, torque, mass flow, and efficiency for the design power point setting of the variable stator.

The Chrysler/ERDA baseline automotive gas turbine engine was used to experimentally determine the power augmentation and emissions reductions achieved by the effect of variable compressor and power engine geometry, water injection downstream of the compressor, and increases in gas generator speed. Results were dependent on the mode of variable geometry utilization. Over 20 percent increase in power was accompanied by over 5 percent reduction in SFC. A fuel economy improvement of at least 6 percent was estimated for a vehicle with a 75 kW (100 hp) engine which could be augmented to 89 kW (120 hp) relative to an 89 Kw (120 hp) unaugmented engine.