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This paper presents a brief overview of the emerging network protocol standard known as Asynchronous Transfer Mode or ATM. ATM was developed by the telecommunications industry as part of the long-term shift of communications services to the B-ISDN standard. By taking advantage of the highly reliable fiber optic networks available, ATM offers faster and more efficient data communications than existing protocols such as X.25. A rigorous, layered protocol exists that gives ATM the flexibility to carry many different of traffic, including voice, imagery, and video, as well as data. Networks, Protocols, Telecommunications

Performance of ATM protocol over radio frequency is discussed. Preliminary analysis for various scenarios is presented. The advantages of ATM for microwave communication as well as the challenges are outlined. A simulation of modeling software package, Ptolemy, is demonstrated. Microwave communications, Ptolemy, Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM).

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has great promise for supporting bandwidth-intensive, delay-sensitive requirements that will be typical of future command, control and communications (C3) systems. There are many factors to be considered in implementing ATM in a C3 system, making this a complex decision process. Since information technology decisions by their nature are inherently complicated, the use of a framework helps to structure this decision problem. In the context of systems engineering, the author introduces a decision framework for applying ATM in C3 systems and choosing among alternatives. An overview of C3 and an introduction to ATM technology, including current implementation issues, provides the reader with basic concepts. A brief review of alternative and competing technologies is covered to provide a baseline for comparison with ATM. The decision framework is developed using trade-off, risk, performance and cost analyses. Scenarios and network architectures form the alternatives considered in the framework. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used in the framework to synthesize the results of the analyses and helps to select a preferred network architecture.

ATM USA provides the framework for building security solutions for DoD ATM users. This architecture can be configured to support encryption devices at the local workstation, at the ATM switch, and at enclave boundaries (including cell and link encryptors). The enclave security policy can be used to provide a fine grain control over who has access to ATM services, the type and nature of the services that can be accessed, when they can be accessed, etc. The policy can also provide flexibility to balance the quality of services with the quality of protection for a connection and can provide dynamic management of both quality of service and quality of protection. The ATM USA is also compatible with emerging ATM standards, providing a solid basis for future compatibility as these standards develop in the future. In addition, we have specified the ATM USA security extension to the ATM Native Services APL. In addition to specifying the two API primitives, we defined how these primitives are invoked by an application in conjunction with its Connection Manager to manage the security services. This document describes the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) User Security Architecture developed by ORA for the US Air Force Rome Lab under Contract No. F30602-95-C-O234. This architecture is designed to meet the user requirements for security services for DoD ATM networks. The requirements for this architecture were derived from the security requirements of four programs designated by the Air Force: the Global Grid Security Architecture, the Defense Information System Network Security Architecture (DISN), the Multilevel Information System Security Initiative (MISSI), and the Theater Battle Management C41 Architecture for Deployable Operations. These derived requirements are described in Section 2.

With Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), we are experiencing the emergence of a network technology that has the potential of satisfying the requirement for a worldwide standard to allow interoperability of information, regardless of the hosts or type of information. Historically ATM has been advertised as a Wide Area Network (WAN) technology. Recently, we have seen ATM take on more applications in the local area environment competing with the standard LAN technology, Ethernet. With its ability to accommodate the simultaneous transmission of data, voice. and video. ATM could potentially create a seamless network based on one standard. As a switched-based technology, some of the benefits provided by ATM are dedicated bandwidth per connection, higher aggregate bandwidth, flexible access speeds, reduced network bandwidth cost. reduced network access costs, reduced equipment cost and commitment, and improved management and flexibility. We provide a discussion of the ATM standard an evaluation of the SML's LAN architecture, and propose three ATM implementation models using the SML that NPS could employ to provide ITM students with practical experience and exposure to this technology. Each model outlines the specifications (i.e. hardware and software) required for implementation.

Critical to the success of all future battlefield commanders is the rapid retrieval of relevant, time sensitive information. Some of this information will be available locally while the remainder is stored in the United States. DARPA's Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (BADD) program attempts to deliver heterogeneous data to the battlefield using Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol. ATM was originally designed to implement dynamic virtual channels over duplex, high-speed, high capacity fiber optic cabling. The problem addressed was to determine which algorithm best schedules calls on BADD's ATM network that uses static virtual channels over simplex, error prone, long delay, satellite links. Because the BADD project uses ATM in such an unusual way, and because of the need to determine a schedule for transmissions over the heterogeneous static channels, we modeled BADD using the state-of-the-art network simulation tool, Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET). We determined several modifications that must be made to existing network simulators to allow them to model next-generation networks. Our simulation shows that a greedy algorithm yields a 53% decrease in the overall completion time and a 46% increase in average bit throughput over FIFO scheduling.

Critical to the success of all future battlefield commanders is the rapid retrieval of relevant, time sensitive information. Some of this information will be available locally while the remainder is stored in the United States. DARPA's Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (BADD) program attempts to deliver heterogeneous data to the battlefield using Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol. ATM was originally designed to implement dynamic virtual channels over duplex, high-speed, high capacity fiber optic cabling. The problem addressed was to determine which algorithm best schedules calls on BADD's ATM network that uses static virtual channels over simplex, error prone, long delay, satellite links. Because the BADD project uses ATM in such an unusual way, and because of the need to determine a schedule for transmissions over the heterogeneous static channels, we modeled BADD using the state-of-the-art network simulation tool, Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET). We determined several modifications that must be made to existing network simulators to allow them to model next-generation networks. Our simulation shows that a greedy algorithm yields a 53% decrease in the overall completion time and a 46% increase in average bit throughput over FIFO scheduling

Who Should Read This Report and Why? This report should be read by all who are interested in the contracting procedures of the Air National Guard. It addresses the Air National Guard's right to make a unilateral decision not to exercise an option on a contract. We performed this audit in response to a request from Congressman Roscoe G. Bartlett. The request was based on information the Congressman received from both the Air National Guard and Digicon Corporation regarding the Air National Guard's decision not to exercise the final option years on a contract between the two parties. In June 2000, the contracting officer awarded a $32.2 million firm-fixed-price contract with one base year and three 1-year options to Digicon Corporation to establish an Asynchronous Transfer Mode network at 90 Air National Guard flying units. The Air National Guard sent a memorandum dated September 21, 2001, to the contracting officer with its decision to not exercise the final option years of the Digicon Corporation contract. The contracting officer then officially notified the Digicon Corporation that the Air National Guard would discontinue the terms of the lease as of October 31, 2001.

This thesis reports the findings of a simulation comparing network architecture configurations in terms of interactions and performance in the face of varying traffic demand. It models the U. S. Marine Corps Base Level Information Infrastructure using a top-down approach. Extend(R) queuing theory modeling software was used to decompose the network model with a bottom-up approach to testing and integration. Feasible network configurations were identified and modeled under varying load parameters. Asynchronous Transfer Mode was found to be suited as a distribution protocol at the infrastructure levels of backbone and area distribution node. Fast Ethernet and Ethernet were found to be 0 optimal at lower levels of infrastructure. Network design recommendations are made for network engineers.

This thesis reports the findings of a simulation comparing network architecture configurations in terms of interactions and performance in the face of varying traffic demand. It models the U. S. Marine Corps Base Level Information Infrastructure using a top-down approach. Extend(R) queuing theory modeling software was used to decompose the network model with a bottom-up approach to testing and integration. Feasible network configurations were identified and modeled under varying load parameters. Asynchronous Transfer Mode was found to be suited as a distribution protocol at the infrastructure levels of backbone and area distribution node. Fast Ethernet and Ethernet were found to be 0 optimal at lower levels of infrastructure. Network design recommendations are made for network engineers.

With Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), we are experiencing the emergence of a network technology that has the potential of satisfying the requirement for a worldwide standard to allow interoperability of information, regardless of the hosts or type of information. Historically ATM has been advertised as a Wide Area Network (WAN) technology. Recently, we have seen ATM take on more applications in the local area environment competing with the standard LAN technology, Ethernet. With its ability to accommodate the simultaneous transmission of data, voice. and video. ATM could potentially create a seamless network based on one standard. As a switched-based technology, some of the benefits provided by ATM are dedicated bandwidth per connection, higher aggregate bandwidth, flexible access speeds, reduced network bandwidth cost. reduced network access costs, reduced equipment cost and commitment, and improved management and flexibility. We provide a discussion of the ATM standard an evaluation of the SML's LAN architecture, and propose three ATM implementation models using the SML that NPS could employ to provide ITM students with practical experience and exposure to this technology. Each model outlines the specifications (i.e. hardware and software) required for implementation.

With Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), we are experiencing the emergence of a network technology that has the potential of satisfying the requirement for a worldwide standard to allow interoperability of information, regardless of the hosts or type of information. Historically ATM has been advertised as a Wide Area Network (WAN) technology. Recently, we have seen ATM take on more applications in the local area environment competing with the standard LAN technology, Ethernet. With its ability to accommodate the simultaneous transmission of data, voice. and video. ATM could potentially create a seamless network based on one standard. As a switched-based technology, some of the benefits provided by ATM are dedicated bandwidth per connection, higher aggregate bandwidth, flexible access speeds, reduced network bandwidth cost. reduced network access costs, reduced equipment cost and commitment, and improved management and flexibility. We provide a discussion of the ATM standard an evaluation of the SML's LAN architecture, and propose three ATM implementation models using the SML that NPS could employ to provide ITM students with practical experience and exposure to this technology. Each model outlines the specifications (i.e. hardware and software) required for implementation.

As Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises continue to grow in scale, the need to support a large number of players has become apparent. The demands on the network and the simulation hosts in large exercises, though, have proved to be prohibitive, requiring significant computational overhead to filter through the information and extract what is relevant to a particular simulation. Some mechanism is needed to reduce irrelevant network traffic received by a system, while increasing the bandwidth available for the DIS exercise. Previous research efforts in this area have centered primarily on fixed geographic partitions of the battlespace to reduce the traffic at a given host. This geographic partitioning cannot adapt to the changing battlespace, and requires relatively significant pre-exercise setup and coordination. Our research has been to implement a DIS exercise system using native ATM interfaces, and to determine if a dynamic partitioning system is feasible and will provide a sufficient reduction in network traffic to allow DIS exercises to scale to the target 100,000 entities. A support infrastructure for DIS over ATM was developed and tested with current AFIT DIS applications, and a prototype dynamic partitioning system using geographic criteria was implemented.

As Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises continue to grow in scale, the need to support a large number of players has become apparent. The demands on the network and the simulation hosts in large exercises, though, have proved to be prohibitive, requiring significant computational overhead to filter through the information and extract what is relevant to a particular simulation. Some mechanism is needed to reduce irrelevant network traffic received by a system, while increasing the bandwidth available for the DIS exercise. Previous research efforts in this area have centered primarily on fixed geographic partitions of the battlespace to reduce the traffic at a given host. This geographic partitioning cannot adapt to the changing battlespace, and requires relatively significant pre-exercise setup and coordination. Our research has been to implement a DIS exercise system using native ATM interfaces, and to determine if a dynamic partitioning system is feasible and will provide a sufficient reduction in network traffic to allow DIS exercises to scale to the target 100,000 entities. A support infrastructure for DIS over ATM was developed and tested with current AFIT DIS applications, and a prototype dynamic partitioning system using geographic criteria was implemented.

As Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises continue to grow in scale, the need to support a large number of players has become apparent. The demands on the network and the simulation hosts in large exercises, though, have proved to be prohibitive, requiring significant computational overhead to filter through the information and extract what is relevant to a particular simulation. Some mechanism is needed to reduce irrelevant network traffic received by a system, while increasing the bandwidth available for the DIS exercise. Previous research efforts in this area have centered primarily on fixed geographic partitions of the battlespace to reduce the traffic at a given host. This geographic partitioning cannot adapt to the changing battlespace, and requires relatively significant pre-exercise setup and coordination. Our research has been to implement a DIS exercise system using native ATM interfaces, and to determine if a dynamic partitioning system is feasible and will provide a sufficient reduction in network traffic to allow DIS exercises to scale to the target 100,000 entities. A support infrastructure for DIS over ATM was developed and tested with current AFIT DIS applications, and a prototype dynamic partitioning system using geographic criteria was implemented.

As Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises continue to grow in scale, the need to support a large number of players has become apparent. The demands on the network and the simulation hosts in large exercises, though, have proved to be prohibitive, requiring significant computational overhead to filter through the information and extract what is relevant to a particular simulation. Some mechanism is needed to reduce irrelevant network traffic received by a system, while increasing the bandwidth available for the DIS exercise. Previous research efforts in this area have centered primarily on fixed geographic partitions of the battlespace to reduce the traffic at a given host. This geographic partitioning cannot adapt to the changing battlespace, and requires relatively significant pre-exercise setup and coordination. Our research has been to implement a DIS exercise system using native ATM interfaces, and to determine if a dynamic partitioning system is feasible and will provide a sufficient reduction in network traffic to allow DIS exercises to scale to the target 100,000 entities. A support infrastructure for DIS over ATM was developed and tested with current AFIT DIS applications, and a prototype dynamic partitioning system using geographic criteria was implemented.

As Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercises continue to grow in scale, the need to support a large number of players has become apparent. The demands on the network and the simulation hosts in large exercises, though, have proved to be prohibitive, requiring significant computational overhead to filter through the information and extract what is relevant to a particular simulation. Some mechanism is needed to reduce irrelevant network traffic received by a system, while increasing the bandwidth available for the DIS exercise. Previous research efforts in this area have centered primarily on fixed geographic partitions of the battlespace to reduce the traffic at a given host. This geographic partitioning cannot adapt to the changing battlespace, and requires relatively significant pre-exercise setup and coordination. Our research has been to implement a DIS exercise system using native ATM interfaces, and to determine if a dynamic partitioning system is feasible and will provide a sufficient reduction in network traffic to allow DIS exercises to scale to the target 100,000 entities. A support infrastructure for DIS over ATM was developed and tested with current AFIT DIS applications, and a prototype dynamic partitioning system using geographic criteria was implemented.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has great promise for supporting bandwidth-intensive, delay-sensitive requirements that will be typical of future command, control and communications (C3) systems. There are man_v factors to be considered in implementing A TM in a C3 system, making this a complex decision process. Since information technology decisions by their nature are inherently complicated, the use of a framework helps to structure this decision problem. In the context of systems engineering, the author introduces a decision framework for applying ATM in C3 systems and choosing among alternativ0s. An overview of C3 and an introduction to ATM technology, including current implementation issues, provides the reader with basic concepts. A brief review of alternative and competing technologies is covered to provide a baseline for comparison with ATM. The decision framework is developed using trade-off, risk, performance and cost analyses. Scenarios and network architectures form the alternatives considered in the framework. The Analvtic Hierarchy Process - - (AHP) is used in the framework to synthesize the results of the analyses and helps to select a preferred network architecture.

This thesis reports the findings of a simulation comparing network architecture configurations in terms of interactions and performance in the face of varying traffic demand. It models the U. S. Marine Corps Base Level Information Infrastructure using a top-down approach. Extend(R) queuing theory modeling software was used to decompose the network model with a bottom-up approach to testing and integration. Feasible network configurations were identified and modeled under varying load parameters. Asynchronous Transfer Mode was found to be suited as a distribution protocol at the infrastructure levels of backbone and area distribution node. Fast Ethernet and Ethernet were found to be 0 optimal at lower levels of infrastructure. Network design recommendations are made for network engineers.

This thesis reports the findings of a simulation comparing network architecture configurations in terms of interactions and performance in the face of varying traffic demand. It models the U. S. Marine Corps Base Level Information Infrastructure using a top-down approach. Extend(R) queuing theory modeling software was used to decompose the network model with a bottom-up approach to testing and integration. Feasible network configurations were identified and modeled under varying load parameters. Asynchronous Transfer Mode was found to be suited as a distribution protocol at the infrastructure levels of backbone and area distribution node. Fast Ethernet and Ethernet were found to be 0 optimal at lower levels of infrastructure. Network design recommendations are made for network engineers.

In support of satellite-ATM interoperability, researchers at the NASA Lewis Research Center performed asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) quality-of-service experiments using MPEG-2 (ATM application layer 5, AAL5) over ATM over an emulated satellite link. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the free-space link quality necessary to use the ATM protocol to transmit high-quality multimedia information. The experimental results have been submitted to various International Telecommunications Union (ITU) study groups in order to improve and modify current standards and recommendations for the telecommunications industry. Quality-of-service parameters for Class I, stringent class requirements for ITU-T I.356 are currently being debated. The experimental results presented will help to establish these quality-of-service thresholds. This material will also be useful in the development of the ITU-R WP-4B's Draft Preliminary New Recommendation on the Transmission of Asynchronous Transfer Mode Traffic via Satellite (Rec. S.atm).

The ATM Sentinel project comprised three phases. The first phase was a review of relevant ATM protocol and security documents to determine the state of the art and develop a concept for the system. During this phase we also identified attack scenarios that were specific to components of the ATM PNNI specification and that could result in serious degradation of an ATM network. These attack scenarios were provided to our subcontractor, Professor Sumit Ghosh of Arizona State University, to develop specific attack details for analysis in their behavioral model. That model allowed LIS to gain the insight necessary to detect the attacks and define signatures for the ATM-Sentinel prototype. The second phase entailed the development of the behavioral model and the generation of data from it using a simulation developed by Prof. Ghosh and his students to study dynamical, asynchronous systems. In this phase of the program, Prof. Ghosh studied variations on five different attacks. He considered different load levels placed on the network by the attacker. He also studied the effects of target or link location in the network on the effective of the attack on the target and on the network as a whole. His results showed that location does affect the network statistics. He also showed that the signature of the attack may be distributed around the network and it is apparent not only in performance degradations, but also performance improvements. That is, some of the nodes or links may actually have better performance because the attack reduces the load that reaches them.

A fiber-optic network derived by a set of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switches in association with CAD (computer aided diagnosis/detection) algorithms has been set up as the first prototype of on-line, real-time cancer detection/diagnostic system. Expanding diagnostics and treatment beyond the local level will bring better health care to a wider range of people at a reduced cost. This work describes the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Teleradiology Network (ATMTN) and the high-speed fiber backbone architecture as a new technology that offers real-time, on-line , more accurate screening, detection and diagnosis of breast cancer with less need for invasive treatment. ATMTN is a fully automatic, robust and high-speed network integrated with DICOM standards, and IP protocols and associated with Computer Assisted Detection/Diagnostic (CAD) methods for digital mammography.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) promises bandwidth on demand with guaranteed quality of service (QoS) to transport and switch broadband integrated services in a statistical shared environment. QoS deals with specified cell-loss probability or cell-delay variation. It is an extremely difficult task to manage different traffic requirements on the same link. For example, a voice application sends data at low rates and is sensitive to transport delay and jitter while a text editing application is typically bursty, requires large buffers, and is not sensitive to transport delay variations. To ensure QoS, some traffic control mechanism is required, and in ATM this process is called Connection Admission Control (CAC). The ATM standards are still evolving and new control mechanisms are being considered for use in ATM. The current ATM policing and admission control standard is based on a continuous fluid flow model.

https://publicaccess-dev.dtic.mil/psm/api/seA complex networking technology called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and a networking protocol called Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) are being integrated into many naval networks without any security-driven naval configuration guidelines. No single publication is available that describes security issues of data delivery and signaling relating to the transition of Ethernet to LANE and ATM. The thesis' focus is to provide: (1) an overview and security analysis of standardized protocols relating to ATM and LANE; (2) an overview and security analysis associated with integrating a Fore Systems Inc., LANE-based ATM network, with an accrrvice/search/search";

As large scale PACS becomes reality the question of linking hospital systems into regional HyperPACS arises. Two key prerequisites for such systems are high network throughput and open interfaces to permit integration of heterogeneous systems. The combination of DICOM and ATM meet these two key requirements. We have developed a demonstration DICOM/ATM gateway for the MDIS System PACS which functions as a DICOM Query/Retrieve service provider supporting an external workstation connected via ATM to allow access of patient information and imagery. Physicians dialing in from different sites will demonstrate this "open system" workstation featuring teleconferencing capability and a "radiology window" to display and manipulate medical images simulating a HyperPACS scenario.

ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE TEST BED

A complex networking technology called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and a networking protocol called Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) are being integrated into many naval networks without any security-driven naval configuration guidelines. No single publication is available that describes security issues of data delivery and signaling relating to the transition of Ethernet to LANE and ATM. The thesis' focus is to provide: (1) an overview and security analysis of standardized protocols relating to ATM and LANE; (2) an overview and security analysis associated with integrating a Fore Systems Inc., LANE-based ATM network, with an accredited Cisco Systems Inc., Ethernet Virtual LAN (VLAN) network; and (3) associated security-related suggestions for network design and configurations. This thesis identifies possible negative security- related capabilities associated with ATM- and LANE-related protocols; however, many can be mitigated using the identified network design guidelines. Qualitative analysis suggests that the introduction of an ATM/LANE backbone into an existing TCP/IP network does not increase the probability of incorrect destinations receiving and processing corrupted frames. It is hoped that this seminal document will assist in the development of standard security-driven implementation guidelines associated with ATM/LANE-based networks, as well as inform those required to prepare and review associated network Risk Assessments.

A complex networking technology called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and a networking protocol called Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) are being integrated into many naval networks without any security-driven naval configuration guidelines. No single publication is available that describes security issues of data delivery and signaling relating to the transition of Ethernet to LANE and ATM. The thesis' focus is to provide: (1) an overview and security analysis of standardized protocols relating to ATM and LANE; (2) an overview and security analysis associated with integrating a Fore Systems Inc., LANE-based ATM network, with an accredited Cisco Systems Inc., Ethernet Virtual LAN (VLAN) network; and (3) associated security-related suggestions for network design and configurations. This thesis identifies possible negative security- related capabilities associated with ATM- and LANE-related protocols; however, many can be mitigated using the identified network design guidelines. Qualitative analysis suggests that the introduction of an ATM/LANE backbone into an existing TCP/IP network does not increase the probability of incorrect destinations receiving and processing corrupted frames. It is hoped that this seminal document will assist in the development of standard security-driven implementation guidelines associated with ATM/LANE-based networks, as well as inform those required to prepare and review associated network Risk Assessments.

A complex networking technology called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and a networking protocol called Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) are being integrated into many naval networks without any security-driven naval configuration guidelines. No single publication is available that describes security issues of data delivery and signaling relating to the transition of Ethernet to LANE and ATM. The thesis' focus is to provide: (1) an overview and security analysis of standardized protocols relating to ATM and LANE; (2) an overview and security analysis associated with integrating a Fore Systems Inc., LANE-based ATM network, with an accredited Cisco Systems Inc., Ethernet Virtual LAN (VLAN) network; and (3) associated security-related suggestions for network design and configurations. This thesis identifies possible negative security- related capabilities associated with ATM- and LANE-related protocols; however, many can be mitigated using the identified network design guidelines. Qualitative analysis suggests that the introduction of an ATM/LANE backbone into an existing TCP/IP network does not increase the probability of incorrect destinations receiving and processing corrupted frames. It is hoped that this seminal document will assist in the development of standard security-driven implementation guidelines associated with ATM/LANE-based networks, as well as inform those required to prepare and review associated network Risk Assessments.

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) quality of service (QoS) experiments were performed using MPEG-2 (ATM application layer 5, AAL5) over ATM over an emulated satellite link. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the free-space link quality necessary to transmit high-quality multimedia information by using the ATM protocol. The detailed test plan and test configuration are described herein as are the test results. MPEG-2 transport streams were baselined in an errored environment, followed by a series of tests using, MPEG-2 over ATM. Errors were created both digitally as well as in an IF link by using a satellite modem and commercial gaussian noise test set for two different MPEG-2 decoder implementations. The results show that ITU-T Recommendation 1.356 Class 1, stringent ATM applications will require better link quality than currently specified; in particular, cell loss ratios of better than 1.0 x 10(exp -8) and cell error ratios of better than 1.0 x 10(exp -7) are needed. These tests were conducted at the NASA Lewis Research Center in support of satellite-ATM interoperability research.

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) quality of service (QoS) experiments were performed using MPEG-2 (ATM application layer 5, AAL5) over ATM over an emulated satellite link. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the free-space link quality necessary to transmit high-quality multimedia information by using the ATM protocol. The detailed test plan and test configuration are described herein as are the test results. MPEG-2 transport streams were baselined in an errored environment, followed by a series of tests using, MPEG-2 over ATM. Errors were created both digitally as well as in an IF link by using a satellite modem and commercial gaussian noise test set for two different MPEG-2 decoder implementations. The results show that ITU-T Recommendation 1.356 Class 1, stringent ATM applications will require better link quality than currently specified; in particular, cell loss ratios of better than 1.0 x 10(exp -8) and cell error ratios of better than 1.0 x 10(exp -7) are needed. These tests were conducted at the NASA Lewis Research Center in support of satellite-ATM interoperability research.

The main body of this final report is a discussion of network studies performed using a simulation tool which was enhanced under this contract. The interaction between Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), in particular Available Bit Rate (ABR), was studied.

This document specifies a Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) signaling extension for support of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Service Class-aware Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering. This memo provides information for the Internet community.

An Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Pseudowire (PW) is used to carry ATM cells over an MPLS network. This enables service providers to offer "emulated" ATM services over existing MPLS networks. This document specifies methods for the encapsulation of ATM cells within a pseudowire. It also specifies the procedures for using a PW to provide an ATM service. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

The goal of this report is to describe the fast evolving ATM technology, with special emphasis on new standards, research results and developments. This report should be used like a dictionary to get an overview of the ATM technology. For further details, it is necessary to look into the papers listed in the reference list. This report discusses (1) the basic features of ATM networks. The topics discussed are relatively finalized and little has changed to date. (2) the new ATM technology areas, including some information that is only a few months old. ATM and its companion technologies are being developed by the International Telecommunications Union, the ATM Forum, and the Internet Engineering Task Force. Many of these technologies are described by these organizations through the use of Specifications and Requests for Comments (RFCs). (3) a list of the RFCs and Specifications crucial to the development of ATM. (4) a list of ATM specific acronyms. Although not all the acronyms listed were explicitly described in this report, they are necessary for reading other ATM literatures. (5) a list of references crucial to understanding the ATM technology. In many cases, Internet addresses and links are included.

The document describes a transparent cell transport service that makes use of the "N-to-one" cell relay mode for Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Asynchronous Transfer-Mode (ATM) cell encapsulation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch and software features are described and compared in order to make switch comparisons meaningful. An ATM switch's performance cannot be measured solely based on its claimed switching capacity; traffic management and congestion control are emerging as the determining factors in an ATM network's ultimate throughput. Non-switch ATM products and experiences with actual installations of ATM networks are described. A compilation of select vendor offerings as of October 1994 is provided in chart form.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch and software features are described and compared in order to make switch comparisons meaningful. An ATM switch's performance cannot be measured solely based on its claimed switching capacity; traffic management and congestion control are emerging as the determining factors in an ATM network's ultimate throughput. Non-switch ATM products and experiences with actual installations of ATM networks are described. A compilation of select vendor offerings as of October 1994 is provided in chart form.

This memo specifies the encapsulation of GSMP (General Switch Management Protocol) packets in ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), Ethernet and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). [STANDARDS-TRACK]

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines an extensible tunneling protocol to transport layer 2 services over IP networks. This document describes the specifics of how to use the L2TP control plane for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Pseudowires and provides guidelines for transporting various ATM services over an IP network. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines an extensible tunneling protocol to transport layer 2 services over IP networks. This document describes the specifics of how to use the L2TP control plane for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Pseudowires and provides guidelines for transporting various ATM services over an IP network. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

This document describes an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) package for the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP). This package includes new Local Connection Options, ATM-specific events and signals, and ATM connection parameters. Also included is a description of codec and profile negotiation. It extends the MGCP that is currently being deployed in a number of products. Implementers should be aware of developments in the IETF Megaco Working Group and ITU SG16, which are currently working on a potential successor to this protocol. This memo provides information for the Internet community.

Thesis advisor, Debra A. Hensgen

Thesis advisor, Debra A. Hensgen

This memo defines two MIB modules and corresponding MIB Object Definitions that describe how label-switching-controlled Frame-Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) interfaces can be managed given the interface stacking as defined in the MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB and MPLS-TE-STD-MIB. [STANDARDS-TRACK]

The results of an experiment to determine the feasibility of using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology to support advanced spacecraft missions that require high-rate ground communications and, in particular, full-motion video are reported. Potential nodes in such a ground network include Deep Space Network (DSN) antenna stations, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a set of national and international end users. The experiment simulated a lunar microrover, lunar lander, the DSN ground communications system, and distributed science users. The users were equipped with video-capable workstations. A key feature was an optical fiber link between two high-performance workstations equipped with ATM interfaces. Video was also transmitted through JPL's institutional network to a user 8 km from the experiment. Variations in video depending on the networks and computers were observed, the results are reported.