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This study aims to assess the impacts of rebels on economic development in Kiramu District, Oromia Regional State, and a conflict-prone District in Ethiopia. The study utilizes qualitative research methods, including key person interviews and document analysis, to gather data from the local community, government officials, and other stakeholders. The findings indicate that rebel violence has had a significant negative impact on economic development in the district, including hindering investment, discouraging economic growth, and disrupting economic activities. The lack of security and the risk of violence have created an atmosphere of apprehension and ambiguity, resulting in a dearth of economic opportunities. The displacement of people and the closure of businesses have led to job losses and a decline in income, contributing to poverty and food insecurity in the district. The study also pinpointed the need for conflict resolution and peacebuilding efforts to improve the security situation and create an enabling environment for economic development in the region. It recommends the involvement of local communities, government, and other stakeholders in the peacebuilding process to ensure sustainability and inclusivity.