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The success of leaders ultimately depends on their ability to attract and maintain a loyal following. I propose that the success of such leaders depends on their ability to form a sense of shared identity with their followers. I will explore how leaders create a shared identity with followers to foster loyal followership and further explore conditions where this process fails. I will explore this in the context of political leaders who generally sit on either the left or right of the political spectrum and how audiences with different and similar values perceive a shared sense of identity. As such, posing the following question: Does the use of inclusive language increase the persuasiveness of a politician’s message by instilling a sense of shared identity, even if the politician is on the other side of the political spectrum?

Although effects-based operations (EBO) is not a new concept for waging war, it is rarely thought of as a methodology that can be applied across the spectrum of conflict to achieve national security objectives. This paper argues that the EBO methodology should be used as the joint standard to ensure success for America in symmetric and asymmetric conflicts. By first analyzing trends in the world's political environment, this paper will show the necessity of harnessing all instruments of national power in an integrated effort to defeat our adversaries. Second, this paper will highlight how EBO has taken hold as the joint standard, although doctrine and training has been slow in documenting progress across the services. Third, this paper will look at the steady development of EBO since Gulf War I while focusing on the lessons learned from that conflict, OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM and OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM. Last, this paper will discuss the future of American combat and the prospect for winning America's wars with EBO.

Research in the past has highlighted an inverse association between hippocampal and caudate volumes in younger and older adults (Bohbot et al., 2007; Sodums & Bohbot, 2020) with some additional evidence in Alzheimer’s disease (Persson et al., 2018). These observations were interpreted as indicative of competitive interactions between two spatial navigation/memory systems supported by these structures, with the hippocampus underlying place-learning and allocentric navigation (using world-referenced coordinates to navigate) and the caudate nucleus underlying response-learning which is similar to egocentric navigation (using self-reference coordinates to navigate; Ekstrom et al., 2014; Ekstrom et al., 2017; Packard & Mcgaugh, 1996). However, the previous studies analyzing such relationships were based on relatively small sample sizes, had limited investigation of the possibility of this competitive relationship existing with other brain regions, and did not incorporate longitudinal analyses. In addition, one study (Persson et al., 2018) suggested that there may be an initial increase in caudate volume in aging, as a compensatory mechanism for hippocampal atrophy, followed by caudate atrophy during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, our primary research goals are to a) determine whether we can replicate the inverse association between hippocampal and caudate volume in multiple samples across the lifespan and the AD spectrum; and b) determine whether the inverse association extends to other brain regions in the networks supporting the two navigation/memory systems again across the healthy lifespan and the AD spectrum; and c) examine longitudinal trajectories of the caudate nucleus, hippocampus and their ratio in older adults and across AD spectrum. Full details can be found in the attached preregistration document.

This project focuses on the brain-behavior relationships within subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a clinical condition where individuals report memory and thinking difficulties despite normal performance on cognitive tests. SCD is increasingly considered a potential early risk factor for further cognitive decline and dementia, but understanding the relationships between reported cognitive changes and possible underlying brain changes remains a challenge in this clinical state. The study will examine how structural brain changes — specifically, hippocampal volume (HV) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) — relate to cognitive measures in individuals with SCD. Prior research suggests that, while individuals with SCD may not perform worse on tests than cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults, they may still exhibit distinct brain-behavior associations compared to their CU peers, making these changes in association potentially useful indicators of underlying neurocognitive changes occurring at the SCD stage. Using psychometric network analysis, this study will map the conditional relationships between brain structures and cognitive domains (e.g., memory, executive function, processing speed) in SCD. This approach allows us to capture complex dynamics between various cognitive abilities and brain integrity that traditional methods may miss. Our study will then compare the SCD network to different non-clinical (CU) and clinical groups (mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease) to investigate how these relationships compare across the dementia risk spectrum. Primary outcomes will include: (1) Identifying relationships between neurostructural and cognitive measures in the SCD group. (2) Clarifying how these neurocognitive associations in the SCD network differ from other clinical groups, particularly the CU group. Exploratory analyses will also investigate how factors like sex and APOE genetic status influence brain-behavior relationships in SCD, aiming to better understand its heterogeneity.

The vision of the TRANSCENDENT (Transforming Research by Assessing Neuroinformatics across the Spectrum of Concussion by Embedding iNterdisciplinary Data-collection to Enable Novel Treatments) Concussion Research Program is to be a global centre of excellence in concussion research that will transform clinical care. This will be achieved by leveraging a learning health system that integrates the application of novel, innovative assessments, including physiological evaluations, fluid biomarkers and advanced neuroimaging. Using extensive, validated, rigorous data-collection methods standardized across clinic sites collected routinely by interdisciplinary providers, we will assess concussion across the spectrum of disease. We will expand our existing large data registry and link with other datasets to answer pressing clinical questions about diagnosis, management, and treatment across the spectrum of concussion. Research participants will consent to the use of de-identified clinical data, collected at 360 Concussion Care, being used for research purposes and shared with research organizations – the CHEO Research Institute and the Ontario Brain Institute (OBI). For Ontario patients, health card number (OHIP) will also be collected to be linked to other research datasets. The TRANSCENDENT concussion research program is primarily funded by the Ontario Brain Institute’s Integrated Discovery Program. Additional funding is provided by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund for the Brain-Heart Interconnectome.

The purpose of the present study is to establish the measurement invariance of four short-form measures of conspiracist ideation between two political groups in the US (i.e., Republicans and Democrats). The four measure of interest are (1) the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale – 5 (Kay & Slovic, 2023); (2) the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (Bruder et al., 2013); (3) the General Measure of Conspiracism (Drinkwater et al., 2012); and (4) the American Conspiracy Thinking Scale (Uscinski & Parent, 2014).

The purpose of the present study is to establish the measurement invariance of four short-form measures of conspiracist ideation between two political groups in the US (i.e., Republicans and Democrats). The four measure of interest are (1) the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale – 5 (Kay & Slovic, 2023); (2) the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (Bruder et al., 2013); (3) the General Measure of Conspiracism (Drinkwater et al., 2012); and (4) the American Conspiracy Thinking Scale (Uscinski & Parent, 2014).

This scoping review aims to map the range, extent, and nature of the evidence available on caregiver burden among carers of children with psychotic disorders (PD) and children at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P).

In the attached SAP, a study is explained that utilizes Sparse Partial Least Squeare (SPLS) analysis to anlyze the association between Emotion Regulation capacity and strategies as measured with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and neurostructural (structural magnetic resonance imaging, sMRI) as well as neurofunctional (task-based functional MRI, Emotion Regulation Task) data. It is based on the open science template provided by Beyer et al. 2021. It provides details regarding 1. Study Description 2. Design Plan 3. Sampling Plan 4. Analysis Plan 5. References

neuver units. When major conventional operations conclude, or in operations where they never take place, conventional forces transition to Stability Operations and Support Operations (SASO). Conducting SASO operations generally requires extensive interaction with, and conducting operations among, a local populace. The necessary physical interaction with a local populace causes two significant problems for conventional forces: traditional intelligence assets (national, strategic, operational) are largely irrelevant to the operations U.S. forces conduct, and interacting with a local population whenever outside of a FOB affects the actions of the population. In military operations other than conventional combat, intelligence must be generated from the lowest possible tactical level, something conventional forces are not organized or equipped to do. Proliferating Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV) Platoons throughout Army Brigade Combat Team's (BCTs) subordinate battalions will enable commanders to gather the tactical intelligence necessary for success.

neuver units. When major conventional operations conclude, or in operations where they never take place, conventional forces transition to Stability Operations and Support Operations (SASO). Conducting SASO operations generally requires extensive interaction with, and conducting operations among, a local populace. The necessary physical interaction with a local populace causes two significant problems for conventional forces: traditional intelligence assets (national, strategic, operational) are largely irrelevant to the operations U.S. forces conduct, and interacting with a local population whenever outside of a FOB affects the actions of the population. In military operations other than conventional combat, intelligence must be generated from the lowest possible tactical level, something conventional forces are not organized or equipped to do. Proliferating Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV) Platoons throughout Army Brigade Combat Team's (BCTs) subordinate battalions will enable commanders to gather the tactical intelligence necessary for success.

The operational deployments NATO Forces are conducting often present very high levels of stress for the soldiers. Large numbers of them (up to 15% within the U.S. Infantry) develop mental health problems afterwards. These include Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a wide range of co-morbidity (e.g. alcohol-misuse, violence, dangerous driving...) and a much increased risk for suicide. To address these problems that engender lots of suffering for the veterans and their families and draw significant resources to provide them with adequate care, the Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFMP) of NATO's Research and Technology Organization (RTO) has initiated a successful series of Technical Activities on advancing the science, the options for applications and the state-of-practice in the challenging area of mental health (e.g. HFM-081, 103, 159, 171, 175, 178, 179, 193, 203). The HFM-205 Symposium provided a timely and successful venue to set a framework for future HFMP work on Mental Health and Well- Being within the Military.

Accurate astrophysical polarimetry requires a proper characterization of the polarization properties of the telescope and instrumentation employed to obtain the observations. Determining the telescope and instrument Muller matrix is becoming increasingly difficult with the increase in aperture size of the new and upcoming solar telescopes. We have carried out a detailed multi-wavelength characterization of the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) at the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak as a case study and explore various possibilites for the determination of its polarimetric properties. We show that the telescope model proposed in this paper is more suitable than that in previous work in that it describes better the wavelength dependence of aluminum-coated mirrors. We explore the adequacy of the degrees of freedom allowed by the model using a novel mathematical formalism. Finally, we investigate the use of polarimeter calibration data taken at different times of the day to characterize the telescope and find that very valuable information on the telescope properties can be obtained in this manner. The results are also consistent with the entrance window polarizer measurements, opening very interesting possibilities for the calibration of future large-aperture solar telescopes such as the ATST or the EST.

The current review examines the narrative and episodic memory characteristics (amount, coherence and accuracy/suggestibility) of eyewitness testimony in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) peers across the lifespan. The current review also evaluates perceptions of testimony (credibility, defendant guilt and culpability) individuals have about individuals with ASD as perpetrators and witnesses to crimes compared to NT peers across the lifespan. Finally, the current review evaluates developmental trends and whether there is alignment between the literature on narrative and episodic memory characteristics and perceptions of testimony in individuals with ASD.

The current review examines the narrative and episodic memory characteristics (amount, coherence and accuracy/suggestibility) of eyewitness testimony in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) peers across the lifespan. The current review also evaluates perceptions of testimony (credibility, defendant guilt and culpability) individuals have about individuals with ASD as perpetrators and witnesses to crimes compared to NT peers across the lifespan. Finally, the current review evaluates developmental trends and whether there is alignment between the literature on narrative and episodic memory characteristics and perceptions of testimony in individuals with ASD.

ACTIVE measures functional reaching volume using the Microsoft Kinect camera while the participant plays an interactive video game regardless of ambulatory status. The objective of this project is to produce a trial ready outcome measure that will enable clinical trials to recruit subjects with a wider range of physical abilities and ages and address the limitation in current Duchenne muscular dystrophy outcomes. The specific aims were designed to improve the current ACTIVE system, determine the utility of integrating wireless motion sensors called Solitons into ACTIVE, and quantify the natural rate of change in FRV and determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). A comparison of ACTIVE and Solitons to the gold standard Vicon motion capture system showed the current ACTIVE system is more valid and reliable at the present time. Subject recruitment and data collection in ACTIVE is ongoing, including cross sectional and longitudinal data points in boys with DMD. Additionally, refinement of the Soliton software is underway to reassess the utility of Solitons in conjunction with ACTIVE.

With a chemically consistent evolutionary synthesis approach we follow the enrichment of individual chemical elements in the ISM. We describe the time With a chemically consistent evolutionary synthesis approach we follow the enrichment of individual chemical elements in the ISM. We describe the time evolution of broad band colors U to K and metal indices (Fe5335, Fe5270, Mg2, Mgb), taking into account the increasing initial metallicities of successive generations of stars. Using specific star formation prescriptions for the different spectral types of galaxies, we show our model galaxy broad band colors, synthetic spectra, and ISM abundances are in agreement with observations of nearby samples and template galaxies of the respective spectral types. We compare our synthetic Mg2 indices with observations and study the time evolution of the stellar index [MgFe] for composite elliptical galaxy models and for simple stellar populations of various metallicities. We show how the luminosity weighted stellar metallicity indicators in different wavelength bands from U to K compare to each other for the various star formation histories and how they evolve in time. We analyse as a function of wavelength the luminosity contributions of stellar subpopulations with different metallicities in the various galaxy types. The relations between luminosity weighted stellar metallicity indicators in different passbands, stellar absorption indices and ISM abundances are shown to depend significantly on the star formation history and evolutionary stage.

An initial look at perceptions of implicit malevolent intent across the ideological spectrum

This report documents the effects of water Raman scattering activity in clear ocean waters for the visible spectrum. The mode of study is a Monte Carlo simulation utilizing the accepted physical properties of the water molecule and minimal amounts of suspended matter. This Raman scattering activity has a significant effect on the upwelling irradiance in air and on the properties of the submarine light field in the surface layers. At wavelengths greater than 500 nm the water Raman activity significantly affects the submarine light field at depth.

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The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) took this image of the Nili Fossae region at 0643 UTC (2:43 a.m. EDT) on June 21, 2007, near 21.15 degrees north latitude, 74.24 degrees east longitude. CRISM's image was taken in 544 colors covering 0.36-3.92 micrometers, and shows features as small as 20 meters (66 feet) across. The region covered is just over 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) wide at its narrowest point, and is one of several dozen that CRISM has taken to map the minerals at candidate landing sites for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2010. The Nili Fossae region is critical to understanding the history of water on Mars and whether water ever formed environments suitable for life, because the region is underlain by a layer of phyllosilicate (clay) minerals. This type of mineralogy formed where water was in contact with Mars' crustal rocks for very long periods, altering the silicates in volcanic rocks. In addition, phyllosilicates can encapsulate and preserve organic chemicals associated with life (if life was present). Its rocky record of an ancient wet environment makes Nili Fossae a top contender among the 30-plus landing sites being considered for MSL, whose objectives include measuring the chemistry preserved in an ancient wet environment. This series of four different versions of the same 544-color image illustrates the mineral-mapping capability that comes from moving beyond the wavelength range of the human eye, and into infrared wavelengths where minerals leave distinct "fingerprints" in reflected sunlight. At upper left, more than three dozen of the distinct wavelengths measured by CRISM were combined to mimic how the human eye would see the image. The subtle shading comes from the Sun's position high in Mars' sky when the image was taken, creating few shadows. The bland, butterscotch color comes from the dust coating nearly all of the Martian surface to some degree. At upper right, three infrared wavelengths (2.53, 1.50 and 1.08 micrometers) replace the red, green and blue image planes. These wavelengths are less sensitive to dust, and begin to show the spectral variations in the underlying rocks. The two bottom versions combine different wavelengths to show strength of absorption due to the different minerals that are present, providing indications of the minerals' presence and distribution. The lower left version combines measurements of the strength of iron mineral absorptions at 0.53, 0.86 and 1.0 microns in the red, green and blue image planes. Bluer areas have more pyroxene, a mineral found in volcanic basaltic rock, whereas reddish and especially orange areas have more oxidized iron minerals. The lower right version combines measurements of mineral absorptions at 1.0, 1.9 and 2.3 microns in the red, green and blue image planes. Redder areas are richer in pyroxene, and green and blue areas contain more phyllosilicate minerals. The combination of basaltic rocks and highly altered phyllosilicates in close proximity would allow MSL to make detailed measurements of rocks formed in two distinct environments. The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is one of six science instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Led by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, the CRISM team includes expertise from universities, government agencies and small businesses in the United States and abroad.

In this addendum, the fifth and exploratory hypothesis concerning the relationship between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and clinical diagnosis (as opposed to the relationship between structural MRI data and clinical diagnosis, that was the topic of the first four hypotheses) is described in more detail. For the related registration, see https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9QZD7

In partnership with Dr. Ellis Monk, we’re releasing a new skin tone scale designed to be more inclusive of the full spectrum of skin tones — the next step in our commitment to image equity and improving representation across our products. #GoogleIO https://t.co/oShd3AU9Al Source: https://twitter.com/Google/status/1524441088328716289 Uploader: Google

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the value of long-range precision weaponry systems, specifically Tomahawk cruise missiles, across the spectrum of warfare. Included in this examination will be application of Tomahawk in support of some of the Principles of War, its potential contribution to escalation control/avoidance, and the value of Tomahawk when considered in relation to the social dimensions of strategy. A discussion of the inherent deterrent value of the system will lead into a look at the applicability of Tomahawk as a flexible deterrent option and in Peace Enforcement operations. Finally, consideration will be given to the utility of Tomahawk in support of Strategic Interdiction operations. While Tomahawk, just as every other weapon system, does have some limitations, it has application in wide variety of situations. Ultimately the purpose of this paper is to provide a mental review of some potential strategic and operational applications and implications of Tomahawk for those who monitor, evaluate and make decisions at the strategic and operational levels of warfare.

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When Temple Grandin was born in 1947, autism had only just been named. Today it is more prevalent than ever, with one in 88 children diagnosed on the spectrum. Our thinking about it has undergone a transformation in her lifetime: Autism studies have moved from the realm of psychology to neurology and genetics, and there is far more hope today than ever before thanks to groundbreaking new research into causes and treatments. Now, Dr. Temple Grandin reports from the forefront of autism science, bringing her singular perspective to a thrilling journey into the heart of the autism revolution. Weaving her own experience with remarkable new discoveries, Grandin introduces the neuroimaging advances and genetic research that link brain science to behavior, even sharing her own brain scan to show us which differences might explain common symptoms. We meet the scientists and self-advocates who are exploring innovative theories of what causes autism and how we can diagnose and best treat it. Grandin also highlights long-ignored sensory problems and the transformative effects we can have by treating autism symptom by symptom, rather than with an umbrella diagnosis. She argues that raising and educating kids on the spectrum isn't just a matter of focusing on their weaknesses; in the science that reveals their long-overlooked strengths, she shows us new ways to foster their unique contributions. Originally published in January of 2014. Visit http://g.co/TalksAtGoogle/AutisticBrain to watch the video.

The study aims to determine the degree to which age, sex, and socioeconomic status are directly associated with the consumption of no and low-alcohol (NoLo) drinks. The UK government specifies these drinks as being below <1.2% ABV (Department for Health and Social Care, 2018). It will further contribute to the scientific literature on NoLo by exploring whether these sociodemographic characteristics also indirectly influence consumption of NoLo via their association with drinking motives. The methods include building a structural equation model to explore whether the reasons people drink alcohol (drinking motives) provide indirect pathways which partially mediate relationships between sociodemographic characteristics (socioeconomic status, age, and gender) and NoLo consumption. The drinking motives explored in the study are based on Cooper’s (1994) and Grant et al’s (2007) work, capturing drinking for the following reasons: social, conformity, enhancement, coping-depression, coping-anxiety.

Smoking prevalence is declining in England but remains persistently high in ‘lower’ socioeconomic position (SEP) groups compared with more advantaged groups. Smoking is a significant contributor to health and social inequalities. There is therefore an urgent need to identify factors that underpin this disparity and use this information to inform public health policies and smoking cessation interventions tailored to the needs of lower SEP groups. Lower SEP is associated with multiple stressors, including financial insecurity, ill health and reduced social capital, with lower SEP smokers experiencing greater nicotine dependence and therefore greater negative affect from withdrawal. Although research indicates that smoking to relieve stress is a commonly endorsed motive overall, it is unclear whether this is more pronounced in lower (compared with higher) SEP groups and if so, whether this has a negative impact on motivation to stop and future quit attempts. We therefore aim to examine whether smoking to relieve stress is associated with motivation to stop and attempts to quit in the next 12 months, and whether these associations are moderated by SEP. This will be an observational study, with cross-sectional and prospective survey data from the nationally representative Smoking Toolkit Study in England.

U.S.Marine Corps logisticians and operational planners must simultaneously plan for the sustainment of current operations while planning for future operations. Currently, this process is hindered by the manual correlation of force consumption data from electronic and hardcopy documents. In order to refine this process, this thesis presents a process for converting, analyzing, and storing these documents in an electronic format. In order to aid in the conversion process, three optical character recognition (OCR) applications are compared: an open-source and freely-available online application, Microsoft OneNote®, and Nuance OmniPage®. Two data extraction programs were created and compared to assess the feasibility of automating the analysis phase. The first program concentrated on automated analysis with user review at the end. The second program concentrated on continual user interaction throughout the entire process. The results of these comparisons advocate the use of professional-grade OCR software such as OmniPage® to create a standard file that can be accepted as an input by a data extraction program. Based on the consumption documents reviewed by this thesis, a manual data extraction program is advised to create a universal output format for later use in an appropriate data storage method.

Out of sheer boredom this evening, Scott and Cam decided to hit the record button.  We had fun, hope you do too.  How's your headache?  Your welcome.

Out of sheer boredom this evening, Scott and Cam decided to hit the record button.  We had fun, hope you do too.  How's your headache?  Your welcome.

The United States, despite its unrivaled political and military power in the post-Cold War era, faces an international security environment inherently more ambiguous and potentially less stable than at any time since the end of World War II. Furthermore, because of the inherent complexity of the situation-coupled with the absence of the principal organizing intellectual construct for the uses of national power that guided the containment of the Soviet Union during the Cold War-the United States has found itself largely in a reactive posture, forced to deal with each challenge on a case-by-case basis and often with only brief warning. One of the central questions facing policymakers engaged in formulating national security policy is that of crafting strategies-and shaping the military forces to execute the strategies-to deter future conflict. This report is intended to provide an introduction to the coercive use of conventional military power for military and civilian professionals involved in the practical application of such power. It focuses on conventional coercion, employing two approaches in the assessment of which force capabilities and conditions are most likely to coerce a potential enemy or lead to his early defeat. First, we reviewed the literature on coercion to identify relevant theory, developed working definitions, and located conflict databases and assessed their utility. Although we provide definitions for coercion that include all the elements of national power (diplomatic, economic, informational, and military), we concentrate on the utility of military power as a coercive instrument in deterrence and compellence-and if coercion falls, conflict termination. Second, we selected and analyzed cases (both U.S. and foreign, successes and failures) that would provide insights into conventional coercion across the spectrum of military operations.

Breast cancer represents a serious health concern for women, across the disease spectrum. First despite advances in technology used for intensive disease surveillance and innovative preventive options, interest in and utilization of these technologies is less than optimal, especially among low-income, African-American women and first-degree relatives. Second, among women who have completed cancer treatment, psychological after-effects that can have a negative impact on adjustment and adherence to screening practices are prevalent. Finally, for those cancer patients whose disease has metastasized, clinically relevant psychosocial adjustment problems need to be recognized and managed. It is for these reasons that research leading to improvements in quality of life throughout the disease spectrum is necessary. The Behavioral Center for Excellence, through the coordination of four projects, seeks to understand and evaluate psychosocial approaches for promoting psychological and physical adaptation to cancer risk, treatment and survival. Each project systematically assesses and addresses barriers to, and facilitators of, adjustment and adherence and evaluates interventions designed for this cause. With support from four core facilities, the BCE has assembled a multi-disciplinary research team to conduct an interrelated set of studies that are theoretically-guided, thematically convergent, and synergistic in the impact on the behavioral aspects of breast cancer.

Breast cancer represents a serious health concern for women, across the disease spectrum. First despite advances in technology used for intensive disease surveillance and innovative preventive options, interest in and utilization of these technologies is less than optimal, especially among low-income, African-American women and first-degree relatives. Second, among women who have completed cancer treatment, psychological after-effects that can have a negative impact on adjustment and adherence to screening practices are prevalent. Finally, for those cancer patients whose disease has metastasized, clinically relevant psychosocial adjustment problems need to be recognized and managed. It is for these reasons that research leading to improvements in quality of life throughout the disease spectrum is necessary. The Behavioral Center for Excellence, through the coordination of four projects, seeks to understand and evaluate psychosocial approaches for promoting psychological and physical adaptation to cancer risk, treatment and survival. Each project systematically assesses and addresses barriers to, and facilitators of, adjustment and adherence and evaluates interventions designed for this cause. With support from four core facilities, the BCE has assembled a multi-disciplinary research team to conduct an interrelated set of studies that are theoretically-guided, thematically convergent, and synergistic in the impact on the behavioral aspects of breast cancer.

This study uses latent profile analysis to identify profiles of experienced and internalized weight-based stigma in college students and analyzes the association of these profiles with eating disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms.

This plan was created on April 1, 2019, but not formally registered until May 10, 2020. We outline specifically where we have deviated from the original plan. The original plan is available by request (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z1IJhWZ6Wcaf6t6Ju3WK6kguZD_luwBpe22dIjtSoAA/edit?usp=sharing). Please request access to see full version history. When a concept is experienced, its semantic features are primed. This activation of features leads to priming effects for later experiences of the same concept. Therefore, when primed with the word green, a picture of a cucumber in an array of red objects will be processed more quickly in the brain because of the earlier exposure to the green. During language comprehension, priming effects can be observed in an object identification task when one object influences a response to a subsequent object with similar semantic features. This study will look at semantic manipulation features, such as the rotation of one's hand while using a screwdriver. Evidence for the activation of manipulation features was found in Myung et al.’s (2006) eye-tracking study. They showed that being presented typewriter can prime piano because of similar finger manipulations. Additionally, it was discovered that participants with apraxia, a disorder that involves motor deficits, did not show the same manipulation effect (Myung et al. 2010). In this study, adults with high versus low autism traits (as measured by the AQ) will perform an object identification task while their eye movements are tracked. This study will test if the overlap of conceptual representations in manipulation features of objects activates the same priming effects in adults with high ASD traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001). Differences between participants with high AQ versus low AQ scores in the activation of specific semantic features should be evident during this task, with the high-scoring AQ participants looking less to the manipulation-related items (i.e. the target word “lighter”) when primed with its analogous pair (i.e. “stopwatch”).

Diagnosis of mental illness remains challenging due to a lack of biological foundations. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in conjunction with machine learning can improve this process by uncovering hidden neural signatures of psychotic disorders. In this study we aim to investigate effective connectivity changes across psychosis-spectrum disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder), and healthy controls in a large sample of individuals (N = 1160) from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) project and previously identified biotypes during resting-state fMRI to identify transdiagnostic biological mechanisms of across the psychosis spectrum. rs-fMRI data from the B-SNIP project will be extracted from bilateral A1, superior temporal gyri, and inferior frontal gyri, and modelled with spectral Dynamic Causal Modelling. Group differences in effective connectivity will be assessed with parametric empirical Bayes while effective connectivity will be used as features to classify diagnostic groups and previously derived biotypes (Meda et al., 2016) to test how well diagnostic groups and biotypes can be distinguished based on effective connectivity at the single-subject level. Additional analyses will be carried out to investigate the correlation between effective connectivity parameters and positive and negative symptoms of illness in patients grouped by DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) diagnosis and by biotypes.

Data, Preregistration, and Code for the paper: "Racial Minorities Face Discrimination from across the Political Spectrum when Seeking to Build Connections on Social Media: Evidence from a Field Experiment."

Over the last decades, extensive research has been conducted to identify predictors for the development and prospective course of psychotic symptoms. One line of research has mainly focused on categorical outcome over a longer period of time e.g. investigating predictors for remission or relapse in individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders (Lee et al., 2022; Soldatos et al., 2022) or the risk for transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) (Oliver et al., 2020). Another line of research investigated potential predictors of moment-to-moment fluctuation in everyday life psychotic experiences as measured with Experience Sampling Method (ESM)(Myin-Germeys et al., 2018). Interestingly, both cohort studies, as well as ESM studies have highlighted the potential impact of experienced stressful events and affective disturbances on the course of symptoms on a macro and micro-level suggesting an affective pathway to psychosis (Isvoranu, van Borkulo, Boyette, Wigman, Vinkers, & Borsboom, 2017; Myin-Germeys & van Os, 2007; Schirmbeck et al., 2021). Regarding the broad perspective over several years, traumatic childhood experiences and other experienced stressful events have been associated with an increased risk for transition to psychosis in CHR-P (Kraan et al., 2018; Oliver et al., 2020; Radua et al., 2018), worse clinical outcome in psychotic disorders (Turner et al., 2019) and persistent psychotic experience in the general population (Collip et al., 2013). Affective disturbances have been found to mediate the association between experienced trauma and psychosis (Isvoranu et al., 2017; Qiao et al., 2023; Rauschenberg, van Os, Cremers, Goedhart, Schieveld, & Reininghaus, 2017) and between genetic and environmental risk factors and increased delusional ideation (van Os et al., 2022). On a day-to-day basis, ESM studies found increased negative affect in general and as increased stress-sensitivity in particular to be associated with higher positive symptoms (Klippel et al., 2017; Kramer et al., 2014; Monsonet, Rockwood, Kwapil, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2022), supporting the proposed affective pathway. In addition, in a recent qualitative study individuals with lived experiences themselves stated that feeling stressed or overwhelmed was an important potential trigger for psychotic symptoms(de Thurah, Kiekens, Sips, Teixeira, Kasanova, & Myin-Germeys, 2023). However, ESM studies investigating time-lagged effects of perceived stress or affective disturbances on subsequent development of psychotic experiences have been heterogeneous, sometimes finding predictive effects (e.g. of increased negative affect)(Kramer et al., 2014; Monsonet, Kwapil, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2022), sometimes failing to find effects across two measurement occasions (Klippel, Schick, Myin-Germeys, Rauschenberg, Vaessen, & Reininghaus, 2022). One possible explanation may be the small assessment intervals (on average 90min) between measurement occasions, which might be too small to observe relevant within-subject variation and associations. On the other hand, the large assessment intervals in cohort studies and the focus on broad pre-defined categorical outcome measures (transition, remission, relapse rates) might overlook relevant variation and cannot rule out unmeasured confounding effects(Morgan et al., 2022; Schirmbeck et al., 2021). Hence the challenge is to find an assessment scheme that fits relevant change in the phenomenon of interest (psychotic experiences) (Shiffman, Stone, & Hufford, 2008). Only more recently research not only focused on the effect of negative emotional disturbances on psychotic experiences but integrated positive affect (Ader et al., 2022; Orth et al., 2022) and possible factors of resilience such as self-esteem and social support(Daemen, van Amelsvoort, Group, & Reininghaus, 2022; Monsonet, Kwapil, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2020) as potential predictors. With the current study we aim to further unravel potential mechanisms in the course of psychotic experiences by choosing an ‘in-between’ window of observation (day-to-day) and broaden our perspective of potential predictors. We therefore aim to identify trajectories of psychotic experiences over a period of six days and assess the prognostic validity of several risk and resilience factors on these trajectories. In a second analysis we will investigate which variables predict within-subject change in reported psychotic experiences on a day-to-day basis. We will conduct analyses using data from subjects across the psychosis liability spectrum, who previously took part in the INTERACT (Reininghaus et al., 2019) or GROUP study (Korver, Quee, Boos, Simons, & de Haan, 2012). The combined sample(n=342) will include patients with psychotic disorder in a later illness stage, first episode patients (FEP) with psychosis and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). The objectives are: i. We first aim to identify differential trajectories of the course of psychotic experiences over a period of six days across all groups. ii. We will investigate the predictive validity of baseline experienced stress, (physical) activity, positive and negative affect, coping strategies, self-esteem, drug use, and sleep on identified trajectories, while accounting for a-priori defined covariates. iii. We will zoom in and investigate whether identified predictors account for subsequent within-subject change in psychotic experiences on the following day(s) (t, t+1, t+2, t+3…) iv. Exploratory analyses: Although we expect to find similar psychological mechanisms associated with the course of psychotic experiences across subclinical, and clinical expressions (Monsonet, Kwapil, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2022), we aim to conduct sensitivity analyses to explore whether identified trajectories and the predictive validity of specific risk and resilience factors may differ between illness stages by conducting additional within groups analyses (later (GROUP) vs. earlier illness stage (INTERACT)).

We at the Lincoln Project formed The Union to bring awareness across the political spectrum to the autocratic threats we face from the Republican party. Sound up for more from @matzon16 on today’s pod: https://t.co/P2FoPKkWOS https://t.co/sOpFQK124R Source: https://twitter.com/ProjectLincoln/status/1507495111764099074 Uploader: The Lincoln Project

This research tests how perceivers’ culture, sexual orientation, and gender, and targets' gender and race predict perceivers' facial sexual dimorphism preferences.

Measuring and mapping star-forming activity in galaxies is a key element for our understanding of their broad- band spectra, and their structure and evolution in our local, as well as the high-redshift Universe. The main tool we use for these measurements is the observed luminosity in various spectral lines and/or continuum bands. However, the available star-formation rate (SFR) indicators are often discrepant and subject to physical biases and calibration uncertainties. We are organizing a special session at the 2012 IAU General Assembly in Beijing, China (August 20-31, 2012) in order to bring together theoreticians and observers working in different contexts of star-formation to discuss the status of current SFR indicators, to identify open issues and to define a strategic framework for their resolution. The is an ideal time to synthesize information from the current golden era of space astrophysics and still have influence on the upcoming missions that will broaden our view of star-formation. We will be including high-energy constraints on SFR in the program and encourage participation from the high energy astrophysics community.

Measuring and mapping star-forming activity in galaxies is a key element for our understanding of their broad- band spectra, and their structure and evolution in our local, as well as the high-redshift Universe. The main tool we use for these measurements is the observed luminosity in various spectral lines and/or continuum bands. However, the available star-formation rate (SFR) indicators are often discrepant and subject to physical biases and calibration uncertainties. We are organizing a special session at the 2012 IAU General Assembly in Beijing, China (August 20-31, 2012) in order to bring together theoreticians and observers working in different contexts of star-formation to discuss the status of current SFR indicators, to identify open issues and to define a strategic framework for their resolution. The is an ideal time to synthesize information from the current golden era of space astrophysics and still have influence on the upcoming missions that will broaden our view of star-formation. We will be including high-energy constraints on SFR in the program and encourage participation from the high energy astrophysics community.

We analyze the behavior of the parsec-scale jet of the quasar 3C~454.3 during pronounced flaring activity in 2005-2008. Three major disturbances propagated down the jet along different trajectories with Lorentz factors $\Gamma>$10. The disturbances show a clear connection with millimeter-wave outbursts, in 2005 May/June, 2007 July, and 2007 December. High-amplitude optical events in the $R$-band light curve precede peaks of the millimeter-wave outbursts by 15-50 days. Each optical outburst is accompanied by an increase in X-ray activity. We associate the optical outbursts with propagation of the superluminal knots and derive the location of sites of energy dissipation in the form of radiation. The most prominent and long-lasting of these, in 2005 May, occurred closer to the black hole, while the outbursts with a shorter duration in 2005 Autumn and in 2007 might be connected with the passage of a disturbance through the millimeter-wave core of the jet. The optical outbursts, which coincide with the passage of superluminal radio knots through the core, are accompanied by systematic rotation of the position angle of optical linear polarization. Such rotation appears to be a common feature during the early stages of flares in blazars. We find correlations between optical variations and those at X-ray and $\gamma$-ray energies. We conclude that the emergence of a superluminal knot from the core yields a series of optical and high-energy outbursts, and that the mm-wave core lies at the end of the jet's acceleration and collimation zone.

We present observations of a major outburst at centimeter, millimeter, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164. We analyze the timing of multi-waveband variations in the flux and linear polarization, as well as changes in Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images at 7mm with 0.15 milliarcsecond resolution. The association of the events at different wavebands is confirmed at high statistical significance by probability arguments and Monte-Carlo simulations. A series of sharp peaks in optical linear polarization, as well as a pronounced maximum in the 7 mm polarization of a superluminal jet knot, indicate rapid fluctuations in the degree of ordering of the magnetic field. These results lead us to conclude that the outburst occurred in the jet both in the quasi-stationary "core" and in the superluminal knot, both parsecs downstream of the supermassive black hole. We interpret the outburst as a consequence of the propagation of a disturbance, elongated along the line of sight by light-travel time delays, that passes through a standing recollimation shock in the core and propagates down the jet to create the superluminal knot. The multi-wavelength light curves vary together on long time-scales (months/years), but the correspondence is poorer on shorter time-scales. This, as well as the variability of the polarization and the dual location of the outburst, agrees with the expectations of a multi-zone emission model in which turbulence plays a major role in modulating the synchrotron and inverse Compton fluxes.

We present observations of a major outburst at centimeter, millimeter, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164. We analyze the timing of multi-waveband variations in the flux and linear polarization, as well as changes in Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images at 7mm with 0.15 milliarcsecond resolution. The association of the events at different wavebands is confirmed at high statistical significance by probability arguments and Monte-Carlo simulations. A series of sharp peaks in optical linear polarization, as well as a pronounced maximum in the 7 mm polarization of a superluminal jet knot, indicate rapid fluctuations in the degree of ordering of the magnetic field. These results lead us to conclude that the outburst occurred in the jet both in the quasi-stationary "core" and in the superluminal knot, both parsecs downstream of the supermassive black hole. We interpret the outburst as a consequence of the propagation of a disturbance, elongated along the line of sight by light-travel time delays, that passes through a standing recollimation shock in the core and propagates down the jet to create the superluminal knot. The multi-wavelength light curves vary together on long time-scales (months/years), but the correspondence is poorer on shorter time-scales. This, as well as the variability of the polarization and the dual location of the outburst, agrees with the expectations of a multi-zone emission model in which turbulence plays a major role in modulating the synchrotron and inverse Compton fluxes.

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