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Research in the third and final year of this project is divided into three main areas: (1) completion of data processing and calibration for 34 of the 1981 Region B/C images, selected from the massive JPL sodium cloud data set; (2) identification and examination of the basic features and observed changes in the morphological characteristics of the sodium cloud images; and (3) successful physical interpretation of these basic features and observed changes using the highly developed numerical sodium cloud model at AER. The modeling analysis has led to a number of definite conclusions regarding the local structure of Io's atmosphere, the gas escape mechanism at Io, and the presence of an east-west electric field and a System III longitudinal asymmetry in the plasma torus. Large scale stability, as well as some smaller scale time variability for both the sodium cloud and the structure of the plasma torus over a several year time period are also discussed.

Progress and achievements in the second year are discussed in three main areas: (1) data quality review of the 1981 Region B/C images; (2) data processing activities; and (3) modeling activities. The data quality review revealed that almost all 1981 Region B/C images are of sufficient quality to be valuable in the analyses of the JPL data set. In the second area, the major milestone reached was the successful development and application of complex image-processing software required to render the original image data suitable for modeling analysis studies. In the third area, the lifetime description of sodium atoms in the planet magnetosphere was improved in the model to include the offset dipole nature of the magnetic field as well as an east-west electric field. These improvements are important in properly representing the basic morphology as well as the east-west asymmetries of the sodium cloud.

The abundant Io sodium cloud data obtained at JPL Table Mountain was reviewed. Images of the sodium cloud important to this modeling analysis program are contained in the 1976-1979 data set and the 1981 data set. A preliminary assessment of the 263 images in the 1981 data set for Region B/C was initiated. The spatial morphology of some of these images revealed the presence of the forward sodium cloud (Region B) and the directional features (Region C) as expected. Plans for the second quarter to initiate preliminary modeling analysis and to define further data processing are discussed.

A detailed review of 110 of the 263 Region B/C images of the 1981 data set is undertaken and a preliminary assessment of 39 images of the 1976-79 data set is presented. The basic spatial characteristics of these images are discussed. Modeling analysis of these images after further data processing will provide useful information about Io and the planetary magnetosphere. Plans for data processing and modeling analysis are outlined. Results of very preliminary modeling activities are presented.

The necessary personnel software base was established to accomplish the data processing requirements for this project. Conversion of software required in reformatting the raw Io sodium cloud data was completed and data processing activities were initiated. Slit spectra data acquired by the JPL Table Mountain Io sodium cloud observing program were reviewed and their scientific value assessed. The lifetime description for sodium atoms in the Io sodium cloud model was improved by incorporating the most recently available temperatures and densities for ions and electrons in the plasma torus.

The word <i>technocracy</i> refers to a system of government by technical experts such as scientists, technologists, and engineers. William Henry Smyth is often thought to have invented the term in 1919, although it had in fact been used earlier. (Summary following Wikipedia)

2Sailor's Word-book, A - C

By William Henry Smyth

An encyclopaedia (a digest, the author calls it) of nautical terms and other words relevant to navigation, the character of seamen, this book is full of surprising meanings for words in a nautical context. The original was published as one book, here divided into volumes. - Summary by Czandra

3Sailor's Word-book, D - G

By William Henry Smyth

An encyclopaedia (a digest, the author calls it) of nautical terms and other words relevant to navigation, the character of seafarers, fish and mathematics, weaponry and sailcraft. This book is full of surprising meanings for words in a marine context. It is practically useful to mariners; and for the etymologist it's a box of chocolates, some delightfully intuitively confected. The original was published as one book, here divided into volumes. This is the second volume. - Summary by Czandra

4Sailor's Word-book, H - M

By William Henry Smyth

A digest of sea terms and phrases, including flora, fauna, fish, fowl and fable of the sea, weaponry aboard ship, parts of a ship, qualities of a seaman, insurance, trading, and so on. The author says of Shakespeare, whom he quotes often, "[he] knew everything." The same can be said of Admiral Smyth. - Summary by Czandra

5Sailor's Word-book, N - R

By William Henry Smyth

A digest of sea terms and phrases, compiled with precision and humour for the instruction of sailors new and old, as well as their land-lubbing admirers. - Summary by Czandra

6Sailor's Word-book, S - Z

By William Henry Smyth

A compendium of fascinating words describing the world from far reaches of the visible universe to the ocean depths, along with creatures large and small, from the store of knowledge of a lettered navigator and seaman. The root of words is satisfyingly revealed in this and preceding volumes, A - R, as well as many words now fallen into the abyss of history. Summary by Czandra

[Professor's Smyth's] object is to teach students, and readers generally, how to read history for themselves; to show them the path, and furnish them the best lights for pursuing it; to enable them to form a just estimate of the principal authors, and to bring forward in bold relief those prominent parts of history to which their attention should chiefly be directed. His plan is unfolded with clearness and precision in his Introductory Lecture. It is broad and comprehensive, and such as could not have been carried out, in the finished manner it has been, without a critical examination of a large number of authors, and close and patient meditation upon the contents of their works. There is nothing superficial or ill digested; nothing taken at second hand; the lecturer's mind is brought to bear, with its own original vigor, upon all the subjects that come under his notice; his opinions are frankly and fearlessly expressed, and sustained by a force of reasoning which rarely fails to produce conviction, never to inspire respect and confidence.<br><br>He adopts a method at once perspicuous and well suited to the end he has in view. He selects certain periods of history, and groups together the great events in each, investigating their relation to each other in the order of cause and effect, and their results on the civil and political condition of states and communities; preserving, as he advances, an easy and natural transition from one period to another. This method affords occasion for philosophical reflections, in which the author is profound and sagacious, without any of the vague generalization and speculative theories which too much abound in works assuming the title of philosophical history. Professor Smyth's philosophy is of that rational kind which builds itself on established principles and truths, and in which he has so much respect for the good sense of his readers, that he is willing to address himself to their understanding. - Summary by American Preface