Does Social Integration Predict Better Cognitive Function Over Time In Older Adults? A Secondary Analysis Of Data From The Irish Longitudinal Study Of Ageing (TILDA) - Info and Reading Options

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The extent to which individuals are socially integrated within their families, friendship groups and wider communities has implications for their health and wellbeing (Obisesan & Gillum, 2009). Social connections can provide us with resources which mitigate harmful consequences of stress and offer us a sense of support and belonging (Haslam et al., 2018). Conversely, low levels of social integration, marked by a lack of social connections, has been associated with poorer psychological health and higher rates of depression (Santini et al., 2015). The impact of social integration also extends to physical health, with research linking social isolation and loneliness with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD; Gallagher et al., 2024; Hu et al., 2021). Social integration has also been linked to cognitive function, especially in older adults (Atti et al., 2010). Cognitive function refers to mental abilities such as learning, memory, attention and problem-solving, all of which we rely on daily. Although a degree of cognitive decline is expected with aging, clinically significant changes are not (Stephan et al., 2007). From a cognitive perspective, social engagement and activity is cognitively effortful and therefore may support healthy cognitive function (Krueger et al., 2009). However, a review and meta-analysis (Evans et al., 2019) has indicated that findings in this area are mixed, in part due to widespread variation in measurement. This study will strengthen our understanding of this relationship and contribute to more consistency in findings by applying a longitudinal design to examine if higher levels of social integration are associated with better cognitive function. Importantly, our study extends prior work by incorporating multiple waves of data over an extended period and using cross-lagged panel models to disentangle directionality—thereby addressing key limitations in existing research, such as reliance on cross-sectional designs and failure to account for reciprocal or time-dependent effects. For this analysis we will use The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) as it provides a robust dataset for examining these relationships. TILDA is a large-scale, nationally representative survey designed specifically to explore the ageing process among older adults in Ireland. As a multi-wave data, TILDA offers an opportunity to explore how social integration may affect both cognitive and overall health over time.

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