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  • Title: ➤  An Experimental Test Of The Hypothesis Of The Self-protecting Properties Of Stigma
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Social science research has produced evidence of an 'integration paradox': Perceived discrimination among immigrants and their descendants is stronger, the better integrated they are, as broadly indicated by their education, length of residence, or generational status (e.g. Steinmann, 2019; Verkuyten, 2016). These findings oppose classic assimilation theory, which straightforwardly assumes that perceived discrimination is lower among immigrants who have better successfully established themselves as part of mainstream society (e.g. Gordon, 1964). Social scientists have proposed several explanations of these counterintuitive patterns and produced a rich assembly of mixed empirical evidence, including studies that outright counter the integration paradox (e.g. Maaren & Rijt, 2018). In the current study we focus on one particular explanation of the integration paradox. Under the term the ‘self-protective properties of stigma’, Crocker and Major (1989) propose a controversial objection: humans have psychological incentive to ex-post rationalize personal failures as instances of discrimination to retain a positive image of their skills and self-esteem (see also Major and O’Brien 2005; Thijs and Piscoi 2016). The objection is controversial as it puts the reports of minorities in doubt, although prior research has not come up with a credible and ethical way to empirically distinct personal failures from valid experiences of discrimination. In this study we aim to test this argument experimentally among about 1000 members of minority groups. Using an online experiment, we collect and analyze person-level data about the (in-)accuracy of a) individuals’ perceptions of discrimination compared against b) the actual discrimination they face personally. We introduce an incentive for correctly guessing the true extent of discrimination. By doing so, we make the process as described by Crocker and Major (1989) costly, and we test the hypothesis that individuals are less likely to overestimate the true extent of discrimination when that is costly.

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"An Experimental Test Of The Hypothesis Of The Self-protecting Properties Of Stigma" is available for download from The Internet Archive in "data" format, the size of the file-s is: 0.21 Mbs, and the file-s went public at Fri Dec 30 2022.

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