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Error And Inference by Deborah G. Mayo

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1The Social Explanatory Styles Questionnaire: Assessing Moderators Of Basic Social-Cognitive Phenomena Including Spontaneous Trait Inference, The Fundamental Attribution Error, And Moral Blame.

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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Why is he poor? Why is she failing academically? Why is he so generous? Why is she so conscientious? Answers to such everyday questions—social explanations—have powerful effects on relationships at the interpersonal and societal levels. How do people select an explanation in particular cases? We suggest that, often, explanations are selected based on the individual's pre-existing general theories of social causality. More specifically, we suggest that over time individuals develop general beliefs regarding the causes of social events. We refer to these beliefs as social explanatory styles. Our goal in the present article is to offer and validate a measure of individual differences in social explanatory styles. Accordingly, we offer the Social Explanatory Styles Questionnaire (SESQ), which measures three independent dimensions of social explanatory style: Dispositionism, historicism, and controllability. Studies 1–3 examine basic psychometric properties of the SESQ and provide positive evidence regarding internal consistency, factor structure, and both convergent and divergent validity. Studies 4–6 examine predictive validity for each subscale: Does each explanatory dimension moderate an important phenomenon of social cognition? Results suggest that they do. In Study 4, we show that SESQ dispositionism moderates the tendency to make spontaneous trait inferences. In Study 5, we show that SESQ historicism moderates the tendency to commit the Fundamental Attribution Error. Finally, in Study 6 we show that SESQ controllability predicts polarization of moral blame judgments: Heightened blaming toward controllable stigmas (assimilation), and attenuated blaming toward uncontrollable stigmas (contrast). Decades of research suggest that explanatory style regarding the self is a powerful predictor of self-functioning. We think it is likely that social explanatory styles—perhaps comprising interactive combinations of the basic dimensions tapped by the SESQ—will be similarly potent predictors of social functioning. We hope the SESQ will be a useful tool for exploring that possibility.

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  • Title: ➤  The Social Explanatory Styles Questionnaire: Assessing Moderators Of Basic Social-Cognitive Phenomena Including Spontaneous Trait Inference, The Fundamental Attribution Error, And Moral Blame.
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  • Language: English

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2DTIC ADA348830: The Role Of Data And Feedback Error In Inference And Prediction

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The present research investigates two forms of uncertainty, defined operationally as error in the data, at two places within the information flow between the person and the environment. The two kinds were measurement error and system failure error. The former involved adding a random variable to the data. The latter involved the sort of error which occurs when an environmental source of data gives information unrelated to the causal or predictive process under study. These forms of error were studied in the data and also in the feedback of subjects.

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  • Title: ➤  DTIC ADA348830: The Role Of Data And Feedback Error In Inference And Prediction
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  • Language: English

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3Inference From Small And Big Data Sets With Error Rates

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In this paper we introduce randomized $t$-type statistics that will be referred to as randomized pivots. We show that these randomized pivots yield central limit theorems with a significantly smaller magnitude of error as compared to that of their classical counterparts under the same conditions. This constitutes a desirable result when a relatively small number of data is available. When a data set is too big to be processed, we use our randomized pivots to make inference about the mean based on significantly smaller sub-samples. The approach taken is shown to relate naturally to estimating distributions of both small and big data sets.

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4NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20120013083: Response Surface Modeling Tolerance And Inference Error Risk Specifications: Proposed Industry Standards

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This paper reviews the derivation of an equation for scaling response surface modeling experiments. The equation represents the smallest number of data points required to fit a linear regression polynomial so as to achieve certain specified model adequacy criteria. Specific criteria are proposed which simplify an otherwise rather complex equation, generating a practical rule of thumb for the minimum volume of data required to adequately fit a polynomial with a specified number of terms in the model. This equation and the simplified rule of thumb it produces can be applied to minimize the cost of wind tunnel testing.

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  • Title: ➤  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20120013083: Response Surface Modeling Tolerance And Inference Error Risk Specifications: Proposed Industry Standards
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5Error And Inference: An Outsider Stand On A Frequentist Philosophy

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This note is an extended review of the book Error and Inference, edited by Deborah Mayo and Aris Spanos, about their frequentist and philosophical perspective on testing of hypothesis and on the criticisms of alternatives like the Bayesian approach.

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  • Language: English

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6ERIC ED155685: Reading, Comprehension, And Memory Processes: Abstracts Of Doctoral Dissertations Published In "Dissertation Abstracts International," October Through December 1977 (Vol. 38 Nos. 4 Through 6). This Collection Of Abstracts Is Part Of A Continuing Series Providing Information On Recent Doctoral Dissertations. The 20 Titles Deal With A Variety Of Topics, Including The Following: Use Of Word Information Cues By Beginning Readers; The Relationship Between Problem Solving And Oral Reading Strategies; The Ease With Which Children Learn Different Logographic Systems; The Effects Of Adjunct Questions, Humor, And Various Learning Modes On Learning And Retention; Conceptual Tempo And Oral Reading Performance; The Relationship Of Deep Structure Recovery To Reading Comprehension; Children's Ability To Make Inferences From Written And Oral Material; The Contributions Of Inference And Discrimination Processes To False Recognition Of Sentences; Initial Consonant Phoneme-grapheme Correspondence Errors; Effects Of Different Error Types And Of Method Of Presentation Of Material On Comprehension; The Relation Between Syntactic Form And Familarity Of Content To Reading Comprehension; Readers' Perceptions Of The Reading Process And Of Their Own Reading Strategies; Relationships Between Quality Of Oral Reading Errors And Oral Syntactic Development; Readers' Use Of Contextual Clues; And Subvocalization During The Silent Reading Process. (GW)

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This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 20 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: use of word information cues by beginning readers; the relationship between problem solving and oral reading strategies; the ease with which children learn different logographic systems; the effects of adjunct questions, humor, and various learning modes on learning and retention; conceptual tempo and oral reading performance; the relationship of deep structure recovery to reading comprehension; children's ability to make inferences from written and oral material; the contributions of inference and discrimination processes to false recognition of sentences; initial consonant phoneme-grapheme correspondence errors; effects of different error types and of method of presentation of material on comprehension; the relation between syntactic form and familarity of content to reading comprehension; readers' perceptions of the reading process and of their own reading strategies; relationships between quality of oral reading errors and oral syntactic development; readers' use of contextual clues; and subvocalization during the silent reading process. (GW)

“ERIC ED155685: Reading, Comprehension, And Memory Processes: Abstracts Of Doctoral Dissertations Published In "Dissertation Abstracts International," October Through December 1977 (Vol. 38 Nos. 4 Through 6). This Collection Of Abstracts Is Part Of A Continuing Series Providing Information On Recent Doctoral Dissertations. The 20 Titles Deal With A Variety Of Topics, Including The Following: Use Of Word Information Cues By Beginning Readers; The Relationship Between Problem Solving And Oral Reading Strategies; The Ease With Which Children Learn Different Logographic Systems; The Effects Of Adjunct Questions, Humor, And Various Learning Modes On Learning And Retention; Conceptual Tempo And Oral Reading Performance; The Relationship Of Deep Structure Recovery To Reading Comprehension; Children's Ability To Make Inferences From Written And Oral Material; The Contributions Of Inference And Discrimination Processes To False Recognition Of Sentences; Initial Consonant Phoneme-grapheme Correspondence Errors; Effects Of Different Error Types And Of Method Of Presentation Of Material On Comprehension; The Relation Between Syntactic Form And Familarity Of Content To Reading Comprehension; Readers' Perceptions Of The Reading Process And Of Their Own Reading Strategies; Relationships Between Quality Of Oral Reading Errors And Oral Syntactic Development; Readers' Use Of Contextual Clues; And Subvocalization During The Silent Reading Process. (GW)” Metadata:

  • Title: ➤  ERIC ED155685: Reading, Comprehension, And Memory Processes: Abstracts Of Doctoral Dissertations Published In "Dissertation Abstracts International," October Through December 1977 (Vol. 38 Nos. 4 Through 6). This Collection Of Abstracts Is Part Of A Continuing Series Providing Information On Recent Doctoral Dissertations. The 20 Titles Deal With A Variety Of Topics, Including The Following: Use Of Word Information Cues By Beginning Readers; The Relationship Between Problem Solving And Oral Reading Strategies; The Ease With Which Children Learn Different Logographic Systems; The Effects Of Adjunct Questions, Humor, And Various Learning Modes On Learning And Retention; Conceptual Tempo And Oral Reading Performance; The Relationship Of Deep Structure Recovery To Reading Comprehension; Children's Ability To Make Inferences From Written And Oral Material; The Contributions Of Inference And Discrimination Processes To False Recognition Of Sentences; Initial Consonant Phoneme-grapheme Correspondence Errors; Effects Of Different Error Types And Of Method Of Presentation Of Material On Comprehension; The Relation Between Syntactic Form And Familarity Of Content To Reading Comprehension; Readers' Perceptions Of The Reading Process And Of Their Own Reading Strategies; Relationships Between Quality Of Oral Reading Errors And Oral Syntactic Development; Readers' Use Of Contextual Clues; And Subvocalization During The Silent Reading Process. (GW)
  • Author:
  • Language: English

“ERIC ED155685: Reading, Comprehension, And Memory Processes: Abstracts Of Doctoral Dissertations Published In "Dissertation Abstracts International," October Through December 1977 (Vol. 38 Nos. 4 Through 6). This Collection Of Abstracts Is Part Of A Continuing Series Providing Information On Recent Doctoral Dissertations. The 20 Titles Deal With A Variety Of Topics, Including The Following: Use Of Word Information Cues By Beginning Readers; The Relationship Between Problem Solving And Oral Reading Strategies; The Ease With Which Children Learn Different Logographic Systems; The Effects Of Adjunct Questions, Humor, And Various Learning Modes On Learning And Retention; Conceptual Tempo And Oral Reading Performance; The Relationship Of Deep Structure Recovery To Reading Comprehension; Children's Ability To Make Inferences From Written And Oral Material; The Contributions Of Inference And Discrimination Processes To False Recognition Of Sentences; Initial Consonant Phoneme-grapheme Correspondence Errors; Effects Of Different Error Types And Of Method Of Presentation Of Material On Comprehension; The Relation Between Syntactic Form And Familarity Of Content To Reading Comprehension; Readers' Perceptions Of The Reading Process And Of Their Own Reading Strategies; Relationships Between Quality Of Oral Reading Errors And Oral Syntactic Development; Readers' Use Of Contextual Clues; And Subvocalization During The Silent Reading Process. (GW)” Subjects and Themes:

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Find ERIC ED155685: Reading, Comprehension, And Memory Processes: Abstracts Of Doctoral Dissertations Published In "Dissertation Abstracts International," October Through December 1977 (Vol. 38 Nos. 4 Through 6). This Collection Of Abstracts Is Part Of A Continuing Series Providing Information On Recent Doctoral Dissertations. The 20 Titles Deal With A Variety Of Topics, Including The Following: Use Of Word Information Cues By Beginning Readers; The Relationship Between Problem Solving And Oral Reading Strategies; The Ease With Which Children Learn Different Logographic Systems; The Effects Of Adjunct Questions, Humor, And Various Learning Modes On Learning And Retention; Conceptual Tempo And Oral Reading Performance; The Relationship Of Deep Structure Recovery To Reading Comprehension; Children's Ability To Make Inferences From Written And Oral Material; The Contributions Of Inference And Discrimination Processes To False Recognition Of Sentences; Initial Consonant Phoneme-grapheme Correspondence Errors; Effects Of Different Error Types And Of Method Of Presentation Of Material On Comprehension; The Relation Between Syntactic Form And Familarity Of Content To Reading Comprehension; Readers' Perceptions Of The Reading Process And Of Their Own Reading Strategies; Relationships Between Quality Of Oral Reading Errors And Oral Syntactic Development; Readers' Use Of Contextual Clues; And Subvocalization During The Silent Reading Process. (GW) at online marketplaces:


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1Popular Superstitions, and the Truths Contained Therein

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"In the following Letters I have endeavoured to exhibit in their true light the singular natural phenomena of which old superstition and modern charlatanism in turn availed themselves—to indicate their laws, and to develop their theory." (from the Preface of the book)<br> In 14 letters, British physiologist Herbert Mayo (1796-1852) is giving the reader an overview of popular superstitions of previous times, like vampirism, somnambulism or even ghost sightings, and exposing how in previous times they were treated with fear, ignorance and intolerance, often leading to crime, while he endeavours to give rational explanations for the phenomena with the goal to find treatments and cures for the afflicted.<br> - Summary by Sonia

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  • Number of Sections: 16
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